• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.285-305
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• 1992

The purpose of this study was to describe the current status of dual-earner families in Seoul. The specific aims of this study were to examine the dynamics of marital relationship, parent-child relationship and old mother-daughter/daughter in law relationship in the same family. The sample consised of 265 dual-earner families was selected based on wives' jobs, primarily non-professional. The information was gathered from working couples and their school-aged children. The findings of this study were as follows: 1. Sex role attitude of husbands was more traditional than their wives. Therefore, housework sharing of husbands was very low and wives' perception of inequity was high. Wives' marital satisfaction was affected by the wives' perception of inequity, joint leisure activity, sexual satisfaction, and wives' job satisfaction. Husbands' marital satisfaction was affected by sexual satisfaction, perceived difficulties and problems of the husbands caused by wives' employment, and the degree of their housework participation. 2. The emotional uneasiness of children during mothers' absence was reported. The communication about mothers' job was helpful to gain children's understanding toward mothers' job. Mothers suffered from guilty feeling of neglecting their children in spite of their good performance of mothering role. 3. The employed daughters/daughters in law perceived high rewards and low cost in relationships with their mothers/mothers in law. The perceived quality of daughter-mother relationship was higher with low cost and high rewards than that of daughter in law/mother in law. Finally practical and policy implications were suggested.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.312-319
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• 2023

Background: Parental attention is crucial for preventing childhood oral diseases. Mothers play a significant role in maintaining their families' oral health, and their educational level influences their children's oral health behaviors. This study investigates the impact of mothers' educational levels on adult oral health behaviors using data from a national survey. Methods: This study employed a cross-sectional analysis of secondary data. The data used were obtained from the 8th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Descriptive statistics were calculated to identify participant characteristics. Next, t-tests and one-way analysis of variance were conducted to examine the effects of the explanatory variables on the distribution of the dependent variable. Finally, logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the influence of the explanatory variable on the dependent variable, using "no education" as the reference value, and calculate the odds ratios. Results: Children of mothers with a college education or higher had a 1.13 times higher likelihood of receiving oral examinations than those whose mothers had no education. Children whose mothers graduated from college or higher had a 2.23 times higher probability of receiving preventative dental treatment than those whose mothers had no education. Children whose mothers graduated from college or higher had a 1.92 times higher probability of receiving scaling than those whose mothers had no education. Children whose mothers graduated from high school had a 1.35 times higher probability of receiving scaling than those whose mothers had no education. Conclusion: Developing oral health programs is important for low-educated and low-income parents to change theirs and their children's oral health behaviors/attitudes. This will help reduce oral health disparities among adults raised by parents of higher and lower socioeconomic statuses. Therefore, a comprehensive approach is essential for adults to maintain good oral health, regardless of variations in their parental educational levels during childhood.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.201-216
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of role satisfaction and role strain of employed wives on their marital satisfaction. Data were collected from 297 employed wives who are also mothers and reside in the city of Seoul and the province of Gyeonggi-do. Our findings are also as follows: First, employed wives showed a relatively high level of marital satisfaction. Second, when employed wives experienced less role strain, they experienced more role satisfaction. At the same time, when employed wives experienced greater role satisfaction, they also experienced greater marital satisfaction. It was also found that when employed wives experienced greater role strain they experienced less marital satisfaction. Third, our analysis partially confirmed that there were only three variables that significantly affected marital satisfaction; the age of the employed wife, the level of role satisfaction and the level of role strain.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.13-26
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• 1998

This study investigated first, socio-economic, residential characteristics, and values for future life among low-income family wives. Second, the relationship of these characteristics to the wives' stress was examined. The subjects were 249 mothers of urban low-income families whose children attended one of 20 daycare centers located in poor residential areas. The instruments included Social Network Scale, Home Stress Scale, and Occupation Stress Scale. Data were analyzed by means, standard deviations, frequencies, paired t-tests, and the stepwise multiple regressions. We found that a majority of the mothers and their husbands had high school educational status and simple labor or sales/service work status. They lived in rental houses or apartments. Their families of origin were a major source of emotional supports. Insufficient income for non-employed wives, long work hours and lack of free time for employed wives were a major stress. Levels of the wives' home-related job-related stress were negatively related to their own and their hudsbands' work status.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.29-34
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• 1980

The purpose of this study is to clarify the effects of mother's occupation on the personality of the child. for the purpose of this study, the Minnesota multiphastic Personality Inventory were administered to 33 boy students with employed mothers and another 33 whose mothers spened full time as house wife selected from two high schools located in Seoul. -test were employed for the statistical analysis of the data and the following are the findings: 1. In general working mother does not have any remarkable influence on personality of the child. 2. There is no significant difference between two groups except on scale, Sc scale, and Hs scale. 3. It may not be the mother's occupation but her attitude that influences the child's personality.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.61 no.2
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• pp.169-182
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• 2023

This study aimed to investigate the mediating effect of the screen media time of young children on the relationship between mothers' reasons for allowing young children to use screen media and their children's ability to regulate screen media. The participants consisted of 614 children aged 5-6 (312 boys and 302 girls), and all the survey questions were answered by their mothers. Descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation, structural equation modeling, and bootstrapping analysis were employed to analyze the data using SPSS 25.0 and Mplus 8.6. The results were as follows. First, mothers' educational and ritualized reasons for allowing young children to use screen media and children's screen media time directly affected young children's ability to regulate screen media. Second, children's screen media time mediated the relationship between mothers' educational and ritualized reasons for allowing their children to use screen media and children's ability to regulate screen media. When mothers permitted their children to use screen media for educational purposes, their children were likely to spend less time on screen media usage which, in turn, increased their ability to regulate screen media. Conversely, the more mothers allowed their children to use screen media for ceremonial purposes, the more time their children spent on screen media and the less ability they had to regulate screen media usage. These outcomes suggest that, to improve children's screen media regulation ability, mothers must not routinely allow their children to use screen media and should manage their children's screen media time.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.51-61
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• 2001

The purpose of the descriptive correlation study was to examine relations among the hope, the burden and the family function in mothers caring for children with cancer. 145 mothers completed the three questionaires of the study divided into tree sections: a) The Hope Scale, b) The Burden Scale, c) FACES-Ⅲ. The collected data was analysed with t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe test and Pearson correlation coefficients. The results were as follows: 1) The average age of mothers of children with cancer was 35.6 years old and the ages between 30 to 39 were the most abundant. 57.3％ of the mothers had an education level of below high school education and 66.0％ had religion. The average age of the children was 8.6 years old. Ages between 1 to 7 were the most and 60.8％ were diagnosed as leukemia. 2) Regarding the section of degree of burden, mothers of children with cancer marked 2.6 out of 5, and the degree of hope 3.2 out of 4. The result for family function came out to be 3.5 out of 5, an average of family cohesion of 3.9 and family adaptation of 3.1. 3) There were significantly less burden to the mothers who were living together with a spouse compared to the mothers who were not. Also mothers who replied that they preserved good health came out to be exposed to less burden compared to the mothers who did not. In analysing hope according to the general characteristics of mothers of children with cancer, mothers who were employed marked high in the degree of hope compared to unemployed mothers. Furthermore, the degree of family cohesion marked higher with mothers who had higher education of college graduate, mothers with religion and mothers with a monthly family income of over ￦3,000,000, compared to the group of mothers with lower education of high school graduate, non-religious or with a monthly family income of less than ￦1,000,000. 4) Excluding the fact that the group sorted with children diagnosed as leukemia marked a perceivably high score regarding family cohesion, compared to groups with other cancers, the degree of burden, hope and family cohesion did not show any noticeable difference according to characteristics of children with different cancers. 5) In the correlation of the hope, the burden and the family function regarding the mothers of children with cancer, the burden did not have any manifest relationship with hope or family function. However, the degree of hope and family function cohesion had a direct proportional relationship, as family cohesion marked higher when the degree of hope were high.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.1-17
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• 2005

The purposes of this study were to show general trends in the degree of parental monitoring, self-control and problem behavior perceived by adolescents and to examine possible changes in such trends in accordance with gender of adolescents and mother's employment, and then to determine the effects of these variables on adolescents' problem behavior. The subjects were 1288 adolescents of middle school in Busan (male 661, female 627). The main results were as follow. (1) General trends in the degree of internalizing problems and total behavior problems showed that girls had more problem behaviors than boys. (2) Boys and girls with unemployed mother perceived more parental monitoring than ones with employed mothers. Boys with unemployed mother had more self-control than ones with employed mothers. Boys with employed mother showed more problem hehaviors than ones with unemployed mother. (3) Mother's employment, the degree of parental monitoring and self-control had a significant indirect effect on internalizing problems, externalizing problems and total behavior problems. (4) The degree of self-control was the most powerful predicator of problem behaviors of middle school students.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.155-165
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the condition, recognition of breast feeding of 273 nurses. Method: Data was collected using a structured questionnaire form April to June 2007. The subjects were 273 nurses in Kyunggido. The data analysis was done with descriptive statistics, $x^2$-test procedures using SPSS/WIN 12.0 PC. Result: There are 23.9% of child day care center, 5.2% of rest room for women, 16.8% of breast feeding room in workplace. Rate of breast-feeding practice was 78.4% of nurses. The reasons why they could not perform the breast-feeding include mother's job(45.4%), lacking breast milk(25.8%). The characteristics of nurses found to be related breast-feeding include age, number of employers. Conclusion: The results showed that the rest supports of the work environment was insufficient to perform breast-feeding in the workplace. These results suggest that nursing intervention for employed mother's breast-feeding practice behavior promotion should focus on characteristics influencing factors on workplace. Also, efficient breast-feeding education program for employed mothers should be developed by continuous qualitative researches based on breast-feeding experiences of employed mothers.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.379-393
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• 2015

This study proposes a new way to investigate purchasing behavior for preschool children's clothes using an ethnographic research method. The study consisted of 16 subjects composed of preschool children (aged 6 and 7) and their mothers. The analysis results are as follows. First, the in-depth interviews, indicated 14 attributes that mothers considered when purchasing children's clothes. Next, the result of conducting component analysis for consideration attributes indicated that the order of importance of attributes for mothers' opinions varied partially for some attributes (such as price) that depended on if the child was being raised only by the mother or with the help of another person. Second, in the accompanied shopping for the preschool children's clothes, the result of identifying the differences between the perception of consideration attributes and shopping behaviors confirmed some differences between consideration attributes recognized in the interviews and attributes practically considered when purchasing. Housewives (who were the mothers of girls) said that materials and comfort were the most important in the interviews; however, employed mothers of girls perceived design to be the most important attribute. The mothers of girls assessed design as an important attribute that they could never concede. Third, the children's opinions were found to partially influence mothers' purchasing behavior in the purchase of preschool children's clothes. Preschool children expressed their opinions on wearability and design in the process of wearing clothes at home or buying them outside; subsequently, mothers recognized children's opinions and reflected them in their practical purchases.