• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.70-80
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• 2018

The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) published ISO 9001 Quality Management System (QMS)-Requirements in 1987 and has revised four times since then. ISO 9001:2015 is the latest edition. This latest edition has two most noticeable changes. The first major change of new edition focuses on performance with an emphasis on Risk-Based Thinking (RBT) to enhance the process approach. The new edition consists of ten clauses whose first three clauses are largely same as older edition but risks are clearly stated and stressed in last seven clauses, emphasizing on Plan-Do-Check-Act cycle at all levels in the organization. The second major change is that the new edition has the same overall structure as other ISO management system standards known as High Level Structure (HLS) with Annex SL. The companies obtained the certificate of new ISO 9001:2015 QMS by September 15, 2018 in order to maintain as an ISO QMS registered firm. In this article we collected transition audit data from more than 100 companies that registered ISO 9001:2015 QMS for recent three years. We performed a statistical analysis to disclose the relationships between the characteristics of companies and the minor nonconformities found in ISO 9001:2015 requirements during transition audit processes. We also aim to interpret the findings and deduce the implications of the statistical results.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2020.12a
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• pp.343-352
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• 2020

Modular integrated construction (MiC) is an innovative construction method where components of a building are manufactured in an offsite factory, trucked to the job site in sections, set in place with cranes, and assembled together to form a whole building. Where circumstances merit, favorable conditions exist and implemented effectively; MiC improves project performance. However, several key factors need to converge during implementation to realize the full benefits of MiC. Thus, a thorough understanding of the factors which are critical to the success of MiC projects is imperative. Drawing on a systematic review of 47 empirical studies, this research identified 25 key success factors (KSFs) for MiC projects. Of these, the five topmost cited KSFs for MiC projects include effective working collaboration and communication among project participants; standardization, optimization, automation and benchmarking of best practices; effective supply chain management; early design freeze and completion; and efficient procurement method and contracting. The study further proposed a conceptual model of the KSFs, highlighting the interdependences of people, processes, and technology-related KSFs for the effective accomplishment of MiC projects. The set of KSFs is practically relevant as they constitute a checklist of items for management to address and deal with during the planning and execution of MiC projects. They also provide a useful basis for future empirical studies tailored towards measuring the performance and success of MiC projects. MiC project participants and stakeholders will find this research useful in reducing failure risks and achieving more desired performance outcomes. One potential impact of the study is that it may inform, guide, and improve the successful implementation of MiC projects in the construction industry. However, the rigor of the analysis and relative importance ranking of the KSFs were limited due to the absence of data.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.1-16
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• 2020

Korea is one of active countries in terms of FTA(Free Trade Agreement) around the globe. Local market is not big enough for Korean companies. This is why Korea is actively participating in FTA with various countries. Individual companies should conform to regulation, policy and system relevant to the agreement. Otherwise, it is not easy for companies to enjoy benefits of FTA. The Korean government is using various FTA programs to support domestic companies, in particular SMEs(Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises). FTA-PASS is a representative program. FTA-PASS is an official program of Korea Customs Service. Korean companies can use the program as free. However, some companies may have difficulties regarding the use of FTA-PASS. The program may cause of compatibility problem related their own ERP(Enterprise Resource Planning) systems. This study is designed to analyze determinants of FTA-PASS and ERP system compatibility. Furthermore this study aims to examine effects of the system compatibility on export performances. This study collected data from Koreas SMEs. In specific, the primary data was based on surveys distributed to 303 SMEs. Based on empirical findings, we could get important determinants to improve compatibility between FTA-PASS and ERP systems. For instance, the government support, product standardization, HS Code clearness and market stability could be considered important determinants. Also, according to empirical findings, a positive relationship between system compatibility an export performance was supported. Analyzing comprehensive determinants of system compatibility can be suggested as an important topic for future research.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2008.04b
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• pp.25-27
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• 2008

This paper discusses the implications of the MASTER SPEC project and its introduction to Korea in terms of social and political contexts. The motives for this report starts from both theoretical and empirical puzzles. Its theoretical motive is concerned to the right form of governance of electric-construction standardardization. Upon the experience of the United States and many European countries, we have acknowledged the role of government in the setting of industrial policy formats and standardization. However, the mechanisms of industrial governance have greatly changed these days, from the centralized one to the participatory one. We call the latter type governance. The form of governance implies the participation of both public and private actors in the policy-making of industrial matters. We have sought to find a better format in the case of electric-construction field. The answer is: the governance initiated by the private actors rather than the government-centered one. The project of MASTER SPEC, in this sense, has many probable implications toward the standard-setting of future industrial managements in Korea.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.16 no.6_2
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• pp.33-42
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• 2016

This study was set up hypothesis "NCS recognition ➩ NCS training needs ➩ Performance of the NCS training". The survey was conducted to explore the need for Security-related NCS education at university and awareness of the NCS for Security Studies students. Results of analyzing the internal consistency, this study showed that ensure internal consistency is calculated Chronbach's Alpha coefficient of more than 0.8. Validation of the survey was investigated by secured Convergent validity and discriminant validity among the variables calculated all over the reference value. This study showed that the model is appropriate with results using the structural equation modeling to validate the research model The correlation analysis of this hypothesis was very high as calculated the standardization factor 0.726 and 0.870 for each relationship by hypothesis testing results.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.115-133
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• 2002

The past research have suggested that the Inter-Organizational E-Commerce based on the Inter-Organizational Systems(IOSs) has direct impact on the Inter-Organizational Relationships(IORs) in general. Considering the importance of this issue, however, few empirical research have been conducted. The objective of this study is to examine the impact of the level of Inter-Organizational E-Commerce on the performance of IORs in particular. Reviewing the literature, we suggested a research model and developed ten hypotheses to be tested. We conducted a survey and collected data from 125 companies which were using. EDI systems. The data were analyzed using LISREL 8.30. The major findings are: (1) The volume of E-Commerce has a positive impact on the commitment of trading partners. (2) High quality of information sharing and high degree of standardization improve the trust and the commitment between trading parties. (3) The trust and the commitment are critical precedent variables of cooperation. (4) The more partners cooperate each other, the more transaction cost will be reduced and as a result, the more financial performance will improve. A discussion on the result of the hypotheses test is followed by a discussion on the academic and practical implications of this study.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.1 no.2 s.2
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• pp.116-136
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• 1992

Architectural essence of John Ruskin's discourse can resolve itself into natural beauty, craftmanship, and truth in structure, surface, and process. His theories became disciplines of modern English school, Art and Craft and Free architecture, in aspects of organic architecture, morality, and rationality. These concepts disseminated continental Art Nouveau and also became it's basic principles. But his empirical theories hated use of machine, and should find a ideal model in medieval romanticism of Gothic. Anti-machine, as a instictive guideline of English modern architecture, couldn't cope with the industrialization of 20th century, and Gothic revival interfered with creating a new style. Muthesius' discourses were taught by the power of group movements and modern concept of form in English school, originally by Ruskin. But he accepted the potentiality of machine and mass production, and stressed creating the new German style suitable with machine. With the progress of Deutscher Werkbund, his theories were advanced to 'quality' connected with craftmanship, to discourse on mechanical 'form', and lastly to 'standardization and type' for mass production. Mechanical functionalism of Muthesius and DWB were sophiscated and handed down to Bauhaus, and then finally helped establishment of the Modern Architecture and Internationalism. Both English and German modern architecture owed their contribution as well as limitation to Ruskin and Muthesius as theorists. Through this comparative study, we can see the priority of theory to practice, the theoretical justification based on insight for its society and future, and the practical character of theory itself.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.109-123
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• 2013

The study is to probe a technical alternative to enhance the reliability and accuracy of the results of various landscape simulations. This study to present technical criteria that are necessary in each stage of target site analysis, picture taking, and computer synthesis and, through these to present supplementary plans to enhance the reliability and accuracy of landscape simulations. In order to derive more practical and empirical results in terms of the reliability of the results of landscape simulations, examples that actually passed landscape review were selected. With regard to study process, an analysis was made first to analyze the landscape report data of designs that passed the review to analyze their characteristics, to be followed by an integrated analysis of problems that were revealed in various landscape simulations. Important factors that affect directly the work of landscape simulations such as the specification of camera lenses that were used in picture taking, distance, and angle. Design the work was carried out using Auto CAD, 3DS Max, and Photoshop program in the same way as in actual design. For verification of their accuracy and reliability, the results were entrusted to experts who have implemented similar jobs. To seduce differences from those too landscape simulations that conduct trial experiment of the virtual space that are to be created in the future with accurate numerical values.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.317-335
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• 2005

This paper is primarily intended to propose a new concept of "aggregate control of road density" which is defined as the area-wide road surface per watershed area. An empirical study for experimental sites was conducted to confirm how a standard GIS technology can be used to assist in estimating the road density in terms of total volume threshold control. Guidelines for a replicable methodology are presented to provide a strong theoretical basis for the standardization of factors involved in the estimation of the road space threshold; the meaningful classification of road types, delination of watershed boundary, interpretation for distribution trends of road density etc. A variety of visual maps using overlay analysis can be generated over large areas quickly and easily to show the fact that some degree of road space already exists in the experimental sites. They could be used as an evidence to limit further construction of road network in comparison with other tributary watershed. It is anticipated that this research output could be used as a valuable reference to confirm the potential of introducing the new concept of "site specific road density" to support more scientific and objective decision-making in the process of road construction project.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.67-74
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• 2018

Korean nail-beauty is mainly concentrated on women in their 20s and 40s. The purpose of this study is to investigate the structure and characteristics of nails based on the literature and to measure the nail size of adult women in their 20s to 40s as an empirical study. The purpose of this study is to utilize the measurement results as basic data for the standardization of nail size through comparative study with previous studies. For the study method, 150 (50 for each age group) adult female in 20 ~ 40 years with cuticle removed for 30 days from September 17 to October 16, 2017 were measured. As the result, As a result of measurements, the width of the nail was almost similar to that of the researcher. However, the thumb was 1.01 mm longer than the results of the previous researchers. The index nail was 1.12 mm longer, the middle nail was 0.82 mm longer, and the ring nail was 1.3 mm longer than the previous study.