• 한국사회복지학
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• 제63권3호
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• pp.109-131
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• 2011

본 연구의 목적은 빈곤지역에서 살아가는 아동의 거주 체험을 아동의 관점에서 탐구하고 이해하는 것이다. 이를 위해 빈곤한 지역에서 살고 있는 아동을 참여자로 그들의 거주체험의 의미와 구조를 탐색하는 질적연구를 수행하였다. 연구참여자는 월드비전의 전국 24개 사회복지기관으로부터 모집된 초등학교 고학년 아동으로써, 각각의 기관에서 초점집단인터뷰를 진행하였다. 연구 결과 빈곤지역 아동은 취약한 사회적 인프라 속에서 신체적 및 정서적 안전에 위협을 받고 있었으며 더러운 동네와 술, 폭력 등의 문제를 가진 어른들로부터 부정적인 자기정체성을 내면화하고 있었다. 그럼에도 여전히 남아 있는 이웃의 정과 관계성, 권리 실현을 위한 주체적 활동은 아동과 지역사회의 변화가능성을 보여주었다. 빈곤지역 아동의 거주체험 구조는 "'연결하기'와 '구분짓기' 사이에서 갈등함", "도사린 위험 속에 방치됨", "캄캄한 동굴에서 살아가기를 배움", "이웃으로부터 마중물을 받음" 으로 나타났다. 연구 결과를 바탕으로 아동의 권리 실현 차원에서 안전 확보와 주체적 성장을 위한 정책적 실천적 함의를 제시하였다.

• 한국사회복지학
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• 제62권1호
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• pp.291-316
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• 2010

본 연구는 문화복지프로그램을 통한 사회적 취약계층의 사회적 배제 해소가능성을 탐색하기 위한 것이다. 이를 위하여 본 연구에서는 문화복지실천가 대상 인터뷰를 토대로 기노시다(木下康仁)에 의해 창안된 수정근거이론(Modified Grounded Theory Approach)을 활용한 질적 분석을 시도하였다. 분석결과 문화복지프로그램은 사회적 취약계층에게 다양한 문화향유기회의 제공을 통해 이들의 잠재적 역량과 자존감을 증진시켜줌으로써 주체적 변화를 통한 사회적 배제 해소가능성을 보여주었다. 문화복지프로그램은 다양한 창작체험기회 제공, 과정중심의 비정형적 프로그램 운영, 프로그램 참여자의 주체화, 공동체활동 등의 접근전략을 통하여 참여자들의 창의적 역량과 자존감을 증진시키고 공동체적 연대의식을 강화시키는 기능을 하는 것으로 나타났다. 실제로 사회적 취약계층은 문화복지프로그램을 통하여 정서적 충족감을 느끼고 가족 및 대인관계의 향상, 긍정적 자아상 확립, 역량강화, 공동체활동 참여 등 삶의 변화를 경험하는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 사회복지서비스가 취약계층의 사회적 배제를 해소시키기 위해서는 기존의 선별주의적 사회복지프로그램에 문화를 접목시킨 보편적 사회복지 프로그램으로의 전환 필요성을 시사해 주고 있다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.283-294
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• 2015

본 연구는 노인 대상 정보화 교육이 노인이 온라인상에서 형성하는 사회관계에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 분석하는데 목적을 두고 있다. 이에 서울시 소재 노인복지관과 종합복지관에서 정보화 교육(컴퓨터반, 인터넷반, 스마트폰반)을 받는 60세 이상 노인 114명을 실험집단으로 하고, 정보화 교육을 받은 경험이 없는 노인 30명을 통제집단으로 하여 프로그램 실시 전후를 비교분석하였다. 온라인 사회관계의 측정을 위해서는 사회자본척도(결속형과 가교형)를 사용하였다. 연구 결과 첫째, 실험집단의 온라인 결속형 사회관계는 연대능력영역을 제외한 모든 하위 영역에서 통계적으로 유의미한 차이가 나타났으나 통제집단에서는 유의미한 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 둘째, 실험집단의 온라인 가교형 사회관계는 모든 하위영역에서 통계적으로 유의미한 차이가 나타났으나 통제집단에서는 유의미한 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 연구결과 노인 대상 정보화 교육은 노인의 온라인 사회관계(결속형, 가교형)를 확장시켰으며, 노인의 사회관계 형성과 확장 및 사회참여를 촉진하기 위해 정보화 교육이 필요함을 제시하였다.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.331-339
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• 2022

The global process of transition from industrial to information society, as well as socio-economic changes taking place in Ukraine, require significant changes in many areas of state activity. It is especially connected with the reforms in the sphere of education. Today, national programs provide for the development of education on the basis of new progressive concepts, the introduction of the educational process of new pedagogical technologies and scientific achievements, the creation of a new system of information education, entrance of Ukaine into the transcontinental computer information system. Information technologies are qualitatively changing the key resources of development: this is no longer a space with fixed production, but primarily mobile finance and intelligence. They have a direct impact on the formation of personal growth, professional content and self-organization, emotional and psychological maturity and consciousness, and so on. One of the main factors in ensuring the stability and social education of the country's citizens is the culture of security, the formation and development of which is an urgent problem today. Comprehensive and systematic development of security culture will significantly increase the readiness of the population, the level of environmental, labor and patriotic education, reduce human losses, material damage from emergencies. Ecological education can be carried out more successfully only gradually and in accordance with the socio-psychological periods of one's development: kindergarten - school - college - university. The creation of such a system of environmental education should be enshrined as the basis of state environmental policy as a constitutional norm with the usage of information technology. Graduates of universities, who are the future of our country, after mastering the skills of basic environmental education must have a high level of environmental culture, which is, in turn, part of general human culture, and investigate environmental issues from the standpoint of their profession. It is known that with the help of environmental education the collective intelligence of society is formed, which can predict human activities and processes occurring in nature, and in some way to help with the elimination of crises. It is through environmental education that another system of human values is being formed, which places great emphasis on intangible wealth and solidarity, and great responsibility of humanity for the ecological state of the native country; provides a higher standard of living as a result of sustainable development, through the introduction of information technology in this system. To improve the quality of life, we need better knowledge, which must be implemented through information technology at the international level.

• 대중서사연구
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.191-219
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• 2020

이 글은 근대 초기에 일어났던 이동과 접촉의 한 양상으로서, 한인 미주 이민자의 소설쓰기의 양상과 서사적 상상력의 의미를 규명하고자 했다. 전낙청이 1930년대 쓴 소설들의 뒤늦은 귀환은 근대 초기 모빌리티의 다양성을 복원하고 기록과 기억에서 배제되었던 이민자들의 역사와 문화를 대면하게 했다는 점에서 의의가 있다. 이 소설들은 단순히 이민지라는 접경의 산물일 뿐만 아니라, 그곳을 새로운 역사와 문화, 제도와 가치 등을 생성하는 공간으로 상상하게 함으로써 지배와 종속, 중심과 주변 등의 이분법적 인식에 균열을 만들어 냈다. 이 소설들은 지적, 정서적, 윤리적으로 탁월한 인물들의 자유연애를 중심 사건으로 다루면서, 서양의 자유연애를 탈신비화하는 것과 동시에, 계급, 인종, 성별을 비롯한 여러 정체성에 의해 구획된 사회에서 벌어지는 분할과 경계에 비판적으로 개입하는 사랑의 공적인 역할을 발견한다. 전낙청의 소설쓰기는 잭이라는 인물을 통해 이민자와 선주민 공동체 사이의 적극적인 교호를 전경화함으로써, 이민자들의 유토피아가 아니라 존재하는 모든 것들이 공존하는 장소로서 헤테로토피아를 상상하게 한다. 이 소설들은 그간 종속되고 주변화된 접경에 관한 일종의 기억전쟁을 선포했다. 이민지라는 접경은 지난 세기 이래로 극심한 갈등과 불화들을 경험하는 공간이면서 동시에 유례없이 다양한 공동체와 지역사회들이 연결되는 장소로 기능하기도 했다. 접경은 분할과 점령의 대상이기 이전에 연대와 창조의 공공재였다. 이 소설들은 접경이 우리의 역사와 문화가 국가, 지역, 민족 사이의 대립항 속에서만 형성되지 않았을 가능성을 시사한다. 국경이나 경계와 먼, 그래서 고정 불변하는 교착상태가 아니라, 중심의 지배로부터 자유로운 세계로서 접경이야말로 다양한 만남을 통해 도래할 역사와 문화를 선취하는 시공간이었으며, 공동체였다.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.75-97
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• 2012

Knowledge residing in the heads of employees has always been regarded as one of the most critical resources within a firm. However, many tries to facilitate knowledge transfer among employees has been unsuccessful because of the motivational and cognitive problems between the knowledge source and the recipient. Social capital, which is defined as "the sum of the actual and potential resources embedded within, available through, derived from the network of relationships possessed by an individual or social unit [Nahapiet and Ghoshal, 1998]," is suggested to resolve these motivational and cognitive problems of knowledge transfer. In Social capital theory, there are two research streams. One insists that social capital strengthens group solidarity and brings up cooperative behaviors among group members, such as voluntary help to colleagues. Therefore, social capital can motivate an expert to transfer his/her knowledge to a colleague in need without any direct reward. The other stream insists that social capital provides an access to various resources that the owner of social capital doesn't possess directly. In knowledge transfer context, an employee with social capital can access and learn much knowledge from his/her colleagues. Therefore, social capital provides benefits to both the knowledge source and the recipient in different ways. However, prior research on knowledge transfer and social capital is mostly limited to either of the research stream of social capital and covered only the knowledge source's or the knowledge recipient's perspective. Social network theory which focuses on the structural dimension of social capital provides clear explanation about the in-depth mechanisms of social capital's two different benefits. 'Strong tie' builds up identification, trust, and emotional attachment between the knowledge source and the recipient; therefore, it motivates the knowledge source to transfer his/her knowledge to the recipient. On the other hand, 'weak tie' easily expands to 'diverse' knowledge sources because it does not take much effort to manage. Therefore, the real value of 'weak tie' comes from the 'diverse network structure,' not the 'weak tie' itself. It implies that the two different perspectives on strength of ties can co-exist. For example, an extroverted employee can manage many 'strong' ties with 'various' colleagues. In this regards, the individual-level structure of one's relationships as well as the dyadic-level relationship should be considered together to provide a holistic view of social capital. In addition, interaction effect between individual-level characteristics and dyadic-level characteristics can be examined, too. Based on these arguments, this study has following research questions. (1) How does the social capital of the knowledge source and the recipient influence knowledge transfer respectively? (2) How does the strength of ties between the knowledge source and the recipient influence knowledge transfer? (3) How does the social capital of the knowledge source and the recipient influence the effect of the strength of ties between the knowledge source and the recipient on knowledge transfer? Based on Social capital theory and Social network theory, a multi-level research model is developed to consider both the individual-level social capital of the knowledge source and the recipient and the dyadic-level strength of relationship between the knowledge source and the recipient. 'Cross-classified random effect model,' one of the multi-level analysis methods, is adopted to analyze the survey responses from 337 R&D employees. The results of analysis provide several findings. First, among three dimensions of the knowledge source's social capital, network centrality (i.e., structural dimension) shows the significant direct effect on knowledge transfer. On the other hand, the knowledge recipient's network centrality is not influential. Instead, it strengthens the influence of the strength of ties between the knowledge source and the recipient on knowledge transfer. It means that the knowledge source's network centrality does not directly increase knowledge transfer. Instead, by providing access to various knowledge sources, the network centrality provides only the context where the strong tie between the knowledge source and the recipient leads to effective knowledge transfer. In short, network centrality has indirect effect on knowledge transfer from the knowledge recipient's perspective, while it has direct effect from the knowledge source's perspective. This is the most important contribution of this research. In addition, contrary to the research hypothesis, company tenure of the knowledge recipient negatively influences knowledge transfer. It means that experienced employees do not look for new knowledge and stick to their own knowledge. This is also an interesting result. One of the possible reasons is the hierarchical culture of Korea, such as a fear of losing face in front of subordinates. In a research methodology perspective, multi-level analysis adopted in this study seems to be very promising in management research area which has a multi-level data structure, such as employee-team-department-company. In addition, social network analysis is also a promising research approach with an exploding availability of online social network data.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.430-458
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• 1990

Care is a central concept of nursing. Nursing would not exist without caring. Care and quality of life are closely related. Human behavior is a manifestation of culture. We can say that caring and nursing care are expression of culture. The nurse must understand the relationship of culture with care for ensure quality nursing care. But knowledge of cultural factors in nursing is not well developed. Time and in - depth study are needed to find meaningful relationships between culture and care. Nurses recognized the importance of culturally appropriate nursing There are two care systems in culturally based nursing. The folk care system and the professional nursing care system. The folk care system existed long before the professional nursing care system was introduced into this culture. If the discrepancy between these two care systems is great, the client may receive inappropriate nursing care. Culture and subcaltures are diverse and dynamic in nature. Nurses need to know the caring behaviors, patterns, and their meaning in their own culture. In Korea we have taken some first step to study cultural nursing phenomena. It is not our intent necessarily to return to the past and develop a nationalistic of nursing, but to identify the core of traditional caring and relate that to professional nursing care. Our Assumptions are as follows : 1) Care is essential for human growth, well being and survial. 2) 7here are diverse and universal forma, expressions, patterns, and processes of human care that exist transcul - turally. 3) The behaviors and functions of caring differ according to the social structure of each culture. 4) Cultures have folk and professional care values, beliefs, and practices. To promote the quality of nursing care we must understand the folk care value, beliefs, and practices. We undertook this study to understand caring in our traditional culture. The Goals of this study were as follows : 1) To identify patterns in caring behavior, 2) To identify the structural components of caring, and 3) To understand the meaning and some principles of caring. We faised several questions in this study. Who is the care-giver? Who is the care-receipient? Was the woman the major care -giver at any time? What are the patterns in caring behavior? What art the priciples underlying the caring process? We used an interdisciplinary team approach, composed of representatives from nursing and anthropology, to contribute in -depth understanding of caring through a socicaltural perspeetive. A Field study was conducted in Ro-Bong, a small agricultural kinship village. The subjects were nine women and one man aged be or more years of age. Data were collected from january 15 to 21, 1990 through opem-ended in-depth interviews and observations. The interview focused on caring behaviors sorrounding birth, aging, death and child rearing. We analysed these data for meaning, pattern and priciples of caring. In this report we describe caring behaviors surrounding childbirth. The care-givers were primarily mothers- in -low, other women in the family older than the mother - to- be, older neighbor woman, husbands, and mothers of the mother-to- be. The care receivers were the mother-to-be the baby, and the immediate family as a component of kinship. Emerging caring behavior included praying, helping proscribing, giving moral advice(Deug - Dam), showing concern, instructing, protecting, making preparations, showing consideration, touching, trusting, encouraging, giving emotional comfort, being with, worrying about, being patient, preventing problems, showing by an example, looking after bringing up, taking care of postnatal health, streng thening the health condition, entering into another's feelings(empathizing), and sharing food, joy and sorrow The emerging caring component were affection, touching, nurtuing, teaching, praying, comforting, encouraging, sharing. empathizing, self - discipline, protecting, preparing, helping and compassion. Emerging principles of. caring were solidarity, heir- archzeal relationships, sex - role distinction. Caring during birth expresses the valve of life and reflects the valued traditional beliefs that human birth is given by god and a unique unifying family event reaching back to include the ancestors and foreward to later generations. In addition, We found positive and rational foundations for traditionl caring behaviors surrounding birth, these should not be stigmatized as inational or superstitious. The nurse appropriately adopts the rational and positive nature of traditional caring behaviors to promote the quality of nursing care.