• 한국환경과학회지
• /
• 제10권6호
• /
• pp.407-415
• /
• 2001

A case of air pollution study of estimation of emission rate for source to railroad rolling stock and emissive character about is unusual. Recent emission rate of railroad rolling stock was estimated with emission factor of EPA in three region(Seoul, Incheon, and Gyeonggido). But this EPA factor could be incorrect because Korea and America have a different railroad environment in the variety of fuel and character of railroad rolling stock In this study, emission rate of each line, car and region(district) with omission factor of Korean case(National Railroad Administration, 1997) was estimated. In Busan Metropolitan City, railroad rolling stocks were divided accoding to, each line, car and service. Particularly, the Idle fuel rate omitted in the preceding study was included in calculation fuel rate. Total emission rate of Busan Metropolitan City was 887.41 t/year Each emission rates of Kyeongbu line, Donghaenambu line, Gaya line, Uam line, Bujeon line, and idle was 489.15t, 196.46t, 33.94t, 12.66t, 6.47t, and 48.75t, respectively.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
• /
• 제17권E4호
• /
• pp.163-168
• /
• 2001

Estimating the emission rate of VOCs from a gasoline industry at national level can be a challenging take even though the estimation is mean-based. However, using the procedures in the US EPA AP-42 guidelines, it is possible to approximate the mean industry emission rate once enough data are available. However, this estimate can be misled in the sense that there exist many stochastic factors in the EPA\\`s estimation procedures and also throughout the marketing channels of gasoline industry. Addressing the stochasticity problem in EPA\\`s procedure is hard to tackle because the detailed data needed to execute the estimation are not usually available even from refiners. Instead, this research tries to stay focused on the second type of stochasticity issue, raised from the mean0based metrological and marketing practice data collected from the 4 major refiners. To do so emission raters from each marketing channels (8 marketing points by 3 transportation types and by storage facilities of 4 refiners) are estimated monthly, following AP-42 procedures and using Tank 4.0. Once these estimates are acquired, the distribution of VOC emission rate for each marketing channel of all 4 refiners is estimated through simulation method using @Risk. The mean-based emission rates are weighted by company quantities to estimate the emission rate from the whole gasoline industry. Simple economic implication is provided, based on the result. This study found that, on the mean-bases, about 0.66% of gasoline marketed are evaporated into air. Considering the stochasticity in the estimation, about 90% of simulation results fell into the range of 0.65 to 0.68%. For 90% chance, the estimated economic loss is $54.65 million to $57.17 million, not counting the cost caused by air quality degradation and associated health impact.

• 한국환경과학회지
• /
• 제25권1호
• /
• pp.23-29
• /
• 2016

This study has conducted greenhouse gas emission reduction test as using Oyster-shells originated PCC paper filler compare to non-Oyster shells used PCC. This examination was estimated and calculated in accordance with both IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) and World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBSCD). The greenhouse gas emission reduction estimation result indicates that, when oyster shells are recycled and used as paper filler, it reduces $27.97tCO_2\;per\;100\;ton$ of oyster shells. It is greenhouse gas emission $44.27tCO_2$ from PCC production changed to carbon emission reduction when replaced with oyster shell. LNG greenhouse gas emission $16.3tCO_2$ in relation to the pre-treatment with oyster shell per 100 ton is also reflected. As a result, it is assumed that roughly $0.2797tCO_2/oyster\;shell{\cdot}ton$.

• 한국대기환경학회지
• /
• 제24권2호
• /
• pp.229-237
• /
• 2008

Hazardous air pollutants emitted from the oil refinery plant were surveyed from 1993 US and 2005 Korean TRI data. Toluene, xylene, methanol, MTBE and n-hexane, relatively large in amount of fugitive emission, are considered as candidates of newly designated HAPs in Korea. The sealed oil pump, one of equipments among fugitive sources in the crude oil distillation tower was examined for the estimation of amounts of annual HAPs emissions according to several calculation methods using registered emission factors. Emission rates showed to be decreased with following calculation factors; average emission factor>pegged emission factor>concentration emission factor>correlation equation. Annual emission amounts of benzene, toluene, xylene. ethyl benzene and nhexane from the distillation tower were estimated and amounts of these HAPs calculated with TVOC concentrations obtained from LDAR program and correlation equations showed only 6% of those from using concentration factors.

• 한국기후변화학회지
• /
• 제9권3호
• /
• pp.273-281
• /
• 2018

The purpose of this study is to consider the effectiveness of continuous $CO_2$ emission monitoring in waste incinerator. To prevent global warming, many countries are trying to reduce $CO_2$, the main greenhouse gas. Currently, Korea is implementing an emission trading scheme to reduce $CO_2$, and waste incinerators are included in this scheme as major $CO_2$ sources. However, when using waste incinerators, $CO_2$ is discharged during incineration of various types of wastes, therefore it is very difficult to calculate the amount of emissions according to IPCC guidelines. In addition, the estimation of $CO_2$ emissions by calculation is known to lack of accuracy comparing with actual emissions. Currently, Korea is operating CleanSYS, which enables continuous measurement of gases emitted into the atmosphere. Therefore, it is possible to estimate the $CO_2$ emissions of waste incineration facilities. The IPCC, which published $CO_2$ emission calculation guidelines, recognizes that direct measurement of emission is a more advanced method in cases of various $CO_2$ emission sources such as a waste incineration facility. Also, Korean emission trading scheme guidelines allow estimation of $CO_2$ emissions by continuous measurement at waste incineration facilities. Therefore, this study considers the effectiveness of a direct measurement method by comparing the results of CleanSYS with the calculation method suggested by the IPCC guidelines.

• 한국항공운항학회지
• /
• 제22권4호
• /
• pp.25-33
• /
• 2014

As global warming becoming an environmentally serious issue, more attention is drawn to fuel consumption which is the direct source of green house gas emission. The fuel consumption by aircraft operation is not an exception. Motivated by the societal and environmental context, this paper explains a method for estimation of aircraft fuel consumed during their flights as well as the computational process using real flight track data. Applying so-called 'Total Energy Model' along with aircraft specific parameters provided in EUROCONTROL's Base of Aircraft Data (BADA) to aircraft radar track data, we estimate fuel consumption of individual aircraft flown between Gimpo and Jeju airports. We then assess the estimation accuracy by comparing the estimated fuel consumption with the actual one collected from an airline. The computational results are quite encouraging in that the method is able to estimate the actual fuel consumption within ${\pm}6{\sim}11%$ of error margin. The limitations and possible enhancements of the method are also discussed.

• 한국대기환경학회지
• /
• 제30권6호
• /
• pp.555-568
• /
• 2014

The construction equipment is one of the major sources for hazardous air pollutants in Korea, and the its management has been of great concern recently. The objective of this study was to estimate each contribution of emission of construction equipments according to their production year, electric power consumption and type. To achieve this goal, we developed pollutant emission factors for the machineries manufactured after 2009, which are excluded from the present framework of Korean air pollutants inventory, CAPSS. More than 800 data obtained from emission investigations were utilized for the estimation. Compared with the previous estimation, the scheme used this study was modified to incorporate new emission factors as well as to include the corresponding activity data. Such improvement allow us to gain more detailed emission informations which are better characterized by specifications of construction equipments. The total amount of pollutants emitted from construction equipments in 2011 were estimated as 126.8, 7.0, 58.3, and 17.0 kton for $NO_x$, PM, CO, and VOC, respectively. The estimation results indicate that the increase in the emission of equipments is significantly related to their age and power consumption. The emissions of the older ones manufactured from 1992~1996 were estimated to be the contribution ranged from 23.7% to 26.8%, whereas the newer ones (2009~2011) showed the attributions of 11.3~21.5%. In addition, the results show that the emission of each equipment was increased with the increase in the electric power consumption of engine, probably due to their average output power. Among the nine types of machinery compared, excavators and forklifts were investigated to contribute relatively higher emissions in the level of 39.8~44.0% and 32.0~34.2%, respectively.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제24권4호
• /
• pp.441-445
• /
• 2000

Considering international status of our country as world class ship builder and geographical characteristics encircled by sea in three facets, controlling of air pollutants emission from marine engines becomes more and more important issue in recent days. Implementation of immediate pollutants emission control regulation and standardization of test and certification procedure are required to reduce air pollution from marine engines. But cost increments due to additional equipment of emission control device and development and certification test expenses as well as depreciation of fuel economy should be considered. To satisfy those air pollution reduction and economic requirements, we should make our own interpretation of IMO standard and implementation schedule depending on our country's status. For this purpose we measured NOx emission from small and middle class marine engines to calculate emission factor and total pollutant emission in our country. With the comparison and analysis of other countries emission control regulation we proposed basic data of total emission from marine engine and future emission control standard in our country. According to our estimation, 62% of total NOx emission of marine engines comes from fishing boat and 38% from commercial vessels. The portion of NOx emission from marine engine is 18.6% of whole country NOx emission. Due to the voyage characteristics of middle and large vessel and necessity of international harmonization of marine engine pollutants emission control standard, it is inevitable to adopt IMO standard for middle and large marine engines. But considering technological and cost effect of fishing boat operating in near sea, it is resonable to set a standard within 80% of measured value at the moment and gradually implement the same IMO standard in near future.

• 한국공작기계학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국공작기계학회 2003년도 추계학술대회
• /
• pp.307-312
• /
• 2003

The object of this study is to investigate a damage estimation of single edge cracked tensile specimens ($2_a$/W) as a function of acoustic emission (AE) according to the unidirectionally oriented carbon/epoxy composites, CFRP AE signals were analyzed and classified 3 regions by event counts, energy and amplitude for coressponding applied load. On tensile loading and using the results of the AE analysis, it was found that the event counts, cumulative counts or energy, and amplitude distributions useful for the prediction of damage failure.

• 한국대기환경학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국대기환경학회 2000년도 추계학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.143-144
• /
• 2000

급증하는 자동차 수요로 인해 발생되는 배출량 증가는 자동차 운행의 특성상 대도시 대기오염의 주원인으로 작용하고 있다. 자동차 배출오염물질의 배출량 추정에 있어 국내 차량의 배출계수 개발도 시급하지만 우리 나라 자동차 운행패턴에 관한 연구도 같이 병행되어야 한다. 본 연구에서는 Cold start emission과 Evaporative VOC emission의 산정에 있어서 국내 승용차의 1회 주행거리(Trip length)를 이용하여 승용차 부문 배출량 영향정도와 계절별 배출량 변화를 추정하여 보았다. (중략)