• Archives of design research
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• v.19 no.3 s.65
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• pp.183-194
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• 2006

It is expected that the typical lifestyle of the future will be transformed into an opulent and comfortable existence as the quality of life improves due to the increase in household income and reduction in working hours. In the meantime, as the standard of living becomes increasingly more comfortable and plentiful, the toll on physical health becomes magnified as a result of obesity and insufficient exercise caused by super nutrition and change in labor conditions. This has instigated a deep awareness in fitness on the part of many people, forcing them to recognize the significance of daily exercise and physical activity. The Elliptical Cross Trainer(ECT), which has drawn wide attention recently, is a non-impact athletic apparatus that not only promotes exercise of the upper body parts in such sports as skiing but also the exercise of lower parts of the body on a treadmill. It is a type of cross training athletic gear that has been developed for aerobic exercise throughout the entire body. It has already formed a market as big as that of the treadmill in Europe, America, etc. Recently, its demand is growing sharply in the Korean markets as well as those in Northeast Asian countries. Despite such demand increase and expansion, since most of the expensive ECTs are exclusively supplied by suppliers in only a few advanced countries, localization of the ECT is urgently required in order to enhance competitiveness of Korean manufacturers and to expand the market. The ECT development project has been in full swing for approximately two year since 2004 in order to secure independent design, as well as engineering and manufacturing processes in efforts to develop a commercially viable ECT.

• Archives of design research
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• v.19 no.5 s.67
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• pp.129-138
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• 2006

It is expected that the typical lifestyle of the future will be transformed into an opulent and comfortable existence as the quality of life improves due to the increase in household income and reduction in working hours. In the meantime, as the standard of living becomes increasingly more comfortable and plentiful, the toll on physical health becomes magnified as a result of obesity and insufficient exercise caused by super nutrition and change in labor conditions (from physical labor to mental labor). This has instigated a deep awareness in fitness on the part of many people, forcing them to recognize the significance of daily exercise and physical activity. The high annual growth rate in the fitness and athletic apparatus market, which is more than 20%, is attributed to this phenomenon. The Elliptical Cross Trainer(ECT), which has drawn wide attention recently, is a non-impact athletic apparatus that not only promotes exercise of the upper body parts in such sports as skiing but also the exercise of lower parts of the body on a treadmill. It is a type of cross training athletic gear that has been developed for aerobic exercise throughout the entire body. It has already formed a market as big as that of the treadmill in Europe, America, etc. Recently, its demand is growing sharply in the Korean markets as well as those in Northeast Asian countries, Despite such demand increase and expansion, since most of the expensive ECTs are exclusively supplied by suppliers in only a few advanced countries, localization of the ECT is urgently required in order to enhance competitiveness of Korean manufacturers and to expand the market. This paper introduces the process and results of a design-engineering cooperative study that was peformed for the development of the ECT.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.166-172
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• 2001

Parental care of eggs of Chromis fumea (Tanaka) was observed by Skin Scuba gear in August 1995 off Cheju Island. The eggs and larval development were observed in the laboratory at Pukyong National University, Pusan. Eggs were deposited on a flat surface of hard substratum and formed a plain sheet of one layer of eggs. Males showed parental care of the eggs by hovering over the nest and attacking other fishes that approached the nest. The spawned eggs were transparent, elliptical in shape and measured 0.73~0.88 mm in long axis and 0.50~0.56 mm in short axis. An analysis by T-test of the long axis of the egg with time showed a significant difference (p<0.01). However, there was no significant difference in short axis with time. Eggs were reared at water temperatures of $23.0{\sim}25.5^{\circ}C$ and took about 4~5 days from embryonic body stage to hatching. The newly hatched larvae were 1.10~1.61 mm in notochord length (NL) had 21 myomeres, has closed mouth but open anus, preanus length was 45.8% of NL. Melanophores were distributed on the occipital region of head, the eye, the peritoneal region, and along the ventral contour. The larvae absorbed the yolk material and oil globule in 3~4 days after hatching and became postlarvae. On the third day after hatching, the larvae had attained 1.9~2.4 mm in NL, had 25 myomeres, and showed rapid growth. By the ninth day after hatching, the larvae had attained 2.9 mm in NL, had an swimbladder in the dorsal margin of ventral region, the preanus length was 37.9% of NL, and their melanophores were enlarged and reduced in number.