• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.602-606
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• 1997

Peonjahwan composed of crude herb, and materials and tissue of animals is a considerably bitter and poorly water-soluble oriental medicine for the treatment of hepatitis. Peonja dry elixir and Eudragit-coated peonja dry elixir were prepared using spray-dryer to mask the bitterness and enhance the release of ingredients from peonjahwan. The bitterness of peonja dry elixir and Eudragit-coated peonja dry elixir reduced to 1/2 and 1/4 of that from peonja powder, respectively. Furthermore, the release rate of bound bilirubin from dry elixir was significantly higher than that from peonja powder.

• The monthly packaging world
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• s.356
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• pp.80-84
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• 2022

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.81-87
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of additives on the powder characteristics of peonja dry elixir. Peonja dry elixirs were prepared with various amounts of dextrin using a spray-dryer, and their powder characteristics such as flow, cohesion and compressibility were evaluated as an angle of repose, cohesion index and compressibility index, respectively. Their powder characteristics were not significantly different from one another, indicating that the hydrophilic dextrin, a base of dry elixir hardly affected their powder characteristics. Peonja dry elixirs were prepared with 10% dextrin and various amounts of additives such as mannitol (hydrophilic excipient), sodium lauryl sulfate (surfactant), colloidal silica (hydrophobic excipient) and HPMC (polymer), respectively, and their angle of repose, cohesion index and compressibility index were measured. The powder characteristics of peonja dry elixirs prepared with mannitol were not significantly different from one another, indicating that the mannitol scarcely improved the powder characteristics of peonja dry elixirs. The angle of repose and cohesion index of peonja dry elixirs significantly decreased with increasing amount of sodium lauryl sulfate to 0.3% followed by no significant changes in them. The cohesion index of peonja dry elixir significantly decreased with increasing amount of colloidal silica. The angle of repose and cohesion index of peonja dry elixir significantly decreased with increasing amount of HPMC to 0.3% followed by an abrupt increase in them. However, the compressibility index of peonja dry elixir significantly increased with increasing amount of HPMC to 0.3% followed by an abrupt decrease in them. Our results suggested that a small amount of sodium lauryl sulfate, colloidal silica and HPMC improved markedly the powder characteristics of peonja dry elixirs due to forming stronger and less hygroscopic shell of peonja dry elixirs. Among the peonja dry elixirs studied, the peonja dry elixir prepared with 0.3% sodium lauryl sulfate and 0.3% HPMC had the lowest angle of repose of $27^{\circ}$ and cohesion index of 37.8%, and the highest compressibility index of 38.7%, respectively. Thus, sodium lauryl sulfate and HPMC appear to be promising additives for peonja dry elixir, if used in adequate amounts.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.66-71
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• 2000

Peonjahwan, an oriental traditional medicine composed of crude herbal drugs and animal tissues is bitter and poorly water-soluble. To mask the bitterness of peonjahwan and enhance the release of bilirubin, one of the crude active ingredients of peonjahwan, peonja dry elixir (PDE), was prepared using a spray-dryer after extracting the crude materials in ethanol-water solution. coated peonja dry elixir (CPDE) was then prepared by coating the PDE with Eudragit acrylic resin. Panel assessed bitterness and release test of bilirubin from PDE and CPDE were carried out and compared with peonjahwan alone. PDE was found to have little effect upon the reduction of the bitterness of peonjahwan. However, the bitterness of CPDE was found to reduce to 1/4 of that of peonjahwan due to the encapsulation of crude active ingredients by the dextrin and Eudragit shell (P<0.05). The release rate of bilirubin from PDE and CPDE for 60 min increased about 3.5- and 2.5-fold, respectively, compared to peonjahwan at pH 1.2. It is concluded that CPDE, which masked the bitterness of peonjahwan and enhanced the release of bilirubin, is a preferable delivery system for peonjahwan.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.49-54
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• 1992

This study was carried out for the purpose of developing an effective temazepam soft elastic gelatin capsule (softgel) which exhibits an excellent bioavailability and of comparing the rate and extent of absorption of temazepam from the marked elixir and prepared softgel using hydrophilic liquid such as polyethylene glycol 400 as a suspending agent by rotary die method. Both softgel and elixir containing 3 mg of temazepam were given to 7 healthy male New Zealand White rabbits in a single oral dose cross-over study. Plasma temazepam concentrations were measured by HPLC. The mean peak concentrations of temazepam following a single oral dosing as softgel and elixir dosage form were 13.84 and 13.25 ng/ml, respectively. And the mean time to peak concentration was 1.29 hr for the softgel and 1.07 hr for the elixir. There was no significant difference in the extent of drug absorption (AUC) for the two different dosage froms (p>0.05). While the softgel exhibited mean lag time of 0.63 hr, the elixir did not show any lag time. Statistical moment parameters such as the mean residence time and variance of the mean residence time did not differ significantly for the two formulations.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.893-897
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• 2003

We study the health tools for silver longevity on the theory of the material basis & vital and mental activities. The results are as follows. The navel herb-moxibustion tool strengthen material basis in the low elixir-field. The method is the fumigation of navel by the aroma of herb. The detailed micro-wave tool strengthen Ki(vital energy) in the middle elixir-field by the multi-method of the recognition-stimulation, micro-vibration, micro-current. The mystical pillow being composed of thirty two herbs strengthen mental activity in the upper elixir-field. The three methods are the synthetic, practical, familiar health tools for silver longevity.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1996.04a
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• pp.282-282
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to prepare the nifedipine dry elixir (NDE) and coated nifedipine dry elixir (CNDE) containing nifedipine ethanol solution for improving the dissolution rate and bioavailability of nifedipine. NDE containing nifedipine and ethanol in wall materials of dextrin was prepared using a spray-dryer and then NDE was coated with eudragit acrylic resin to make CNDE. Shape and size of the NDE and CNDE were monitored by scanning electron micrograph and laser particle size analyzer In vitro dissolution tests were performed in simulated gastric and intestinal fluid. Bioavailability of NDE and CNDE were compared with drug powder suspension and commercial soft capsule after oral administration of the preparations to rats. NDE and CNDE are spherical in shape. Cross-sectional view of dry elixirs indicates the large inter cavity containing ethanolic drug solution in shell. Geometric mean diameter of NDE and CNDE is about 6.64 and 8.70 $\mu\textrm{m}$, respectively. Drug dissolution rate within first 5 min from NDE increased dramatically irrespective of dissolution medium. However, CNDE showed a particularly retarded dissolution rate in pH 1.2 simulated gastric fluid compared with NDE. The bioavailability of nifedipine in the NDE was increased dramatically compared with drug powder suspension. CNDE reduced initial burst-out plasma peak compared with NDE. CNDE as a sustained release delivery system could reduce the initial burst-out plasma peak due to controlling the release rate of nifedipine from NDE and maintain the effective plasma level over a longer period within therapeutic window with enhanced bioavailability of nifedipine.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2001.04a
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• pp.243.3-244
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• 2001

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2017.05a
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• pp.430-433
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• 2017

Programming that ensures concurrency is essential for developers. If you do not use it, it is hard to expect the speed of the program to improve unless there is technical advancement of the hardware itself. Programming languages that support good concurrency code include go, elixir, and scala. Python, which supports a number of useful libraries, also supports concurrent programming like asyncio and coroutine. This paper defines the concepts of concurrency and parallelism, and explains what to note when writing concurrency programming in Python. The crawler that collects web data is written in concurrent code and compared with programs written in sequential, multithreaded code.

• Journal of Korean Medical Ki-Gong Academy
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.148-159
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• 2001

The Spreading-Qi recorded curative effect with a long history. I studied the Qi-therapy through train of the Qi-sender. methods of the Spreading-Qi and clinical application of the Spreading-Qi. 1. Train of the Qi-sender. Sitting, standing and ling postures can all be applied as training postures for training Qi. Qi grows in Lower Dan(elixir field) and circulates in heavenly circuits by static Qi. Training Qi by dynamic Qi is a fundamental exercise for the maneuvers to conduct Qi. 2. Methods of the Spreading-Qi, Breathe naturally concentrate the mind on Lower Dan(elixir field). When exhaling. Mindwill accompanies Qi to go to the Conception Vessel(CV) and Governor Vessel(GV), conduct Qi to the palms or fingers and emit Qi, with the emitting site touching or leaving the treated region. 3. Clinical application of the Spreading-Qi, its wide range of indications. 4. The Spreading-Qi is similar to Western 'Healing' and 'Hands of light'. Mind will accompanies energy to go to hand and emit energy to the treated region.