• Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.123-127
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• 2011

Nowadays, green purchasing, stop global warming, love the mother earth, and others that related to environment become hot issues. Manufactures industries tend to more active and responsive to those issues by adopting green strategies or program like Environmentally Conscious Manufacturing (ECM). In this article, an electronic company had applied 12 ECM Program and tries to choose one of those programs using 6 criteria, such as total cost involved, quality, recyclable material, process waste reduction, packaging waste reduction, and regulation compliance. By using multi-criteria decision making model, i.e. Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS), and Modified TOPSIS methods, the ECM Program 9 (Open pit) is the best option.

• 자원리싸이클링
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.45-50
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• 2020

전기·전자제품 생산업자와 판매업자는 자신이 배포한 장비가 속하는 등급에 해당하는 폐전기·전자제품을 직접 수거하거나 한국전자제품자원순환공제조합에 가입하여 공제조합이 대리할 의무를 이행하도록 할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 분담금의 요율체계를 검토하고, 파악한 문제점과 이에 대한 개선방안을 제시한다. 첫째, 수집비 및 운반비에 대해 회수유형별 작업을 고려하여 표준작업 및 시간을 설정해야 한다. 둘째, 리사이클링센터의 선별방식에 차이가 있으므로, 이들 방식의 차이와 처리하는 제품군 특성을 반영하여 할당인자에 대한 표준원가를 설정해야 한다. 셋째, 방문수거비 예측모형에서 최소값이 아닌 중앙값 또는 평균값으로 결정하여 충분한 규모의 예산을 확보해야 한다. 본 연구는 공제회원이 공제조합에 납부하는 분담금의 문제점을 살펴보고 이에 대한 개선방안을 제시하였다.

• 한국자원리싸이클링학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원리싸이클링학회 2005년도 춘계임시총회 및 제25회 학술발표대회
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• pp.214-223
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• 2005

In order to recover valuable metals from fine-grained electronic waste, bioleaching of Cu, Zn, Al, Co, Ni, Sn and Pb were carried out using Aspergillus niger as a leaching microorganism in a shaking flask. Aspergillus niger was able to grow in tile presence of electronic scrap. The formation of organic acids(citric and oxalic acid) from Aspergillus niger caused the mobilization of metals from waste electronic scrap. In a preliminary study, in order to obtain the data on the leaching of Cu, Zn, Al, Co and Ni, the metal leaching behaviours were accomplished using Organic acid(Citric acid and Oxalic acid) instead of Aspergillus niger. At the electronic scrap concentration of 50g/L, Aspergillus niger were able to leach more than 95% of the available Cu, Co. But Al, Zn, Pband Sn were able to leach about 15-35%. Ni and Fe were detected in the leachate less than 10%.

• 한국폐기물자원순환학회지
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• 제35권8호
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• pp.692-700
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• 2018

In this study, the results of PBDEs and HBCDs of the products and waste that contain BFRs such as domestic electronic products, automobiles and textile products were compared with international management standards, and their excess rates were calculated. Deca-BDE was detected among the PBDEs in TV rear cover plastics, car seats, automotive interior plastics, and automobile shredding residues of products and waste containing BFRs. The comparison with Basel Convention management standards (1,000 mg/kg) for PBDE-containing wastes (4 types in total) shows that the excess rate of all samples was less than 1.5%. The estimated excess rate compared to the EU and Basel convention management standards (1,000 mg/kg) for PBDEs (4 species + deca-BDE) and TV rear cover plastics was 37.5% (30 of 80 samples exceeded the standards). The estimated excess rate compared to the Basel convention management standards (1,000 mg/kg) for HBCD, building materials products and waste was 15.7% (17 of 108 samples exceeded the standards). In the case of PBDEs, it is necessary to remove only the rear cover of CRT TV among the electric and electronic products and treat it in the flame retardant treatment facility to improve the recycling collection system. In the case of HBCD, it is necessary to appropriately dispose of the recycled materials, heat insulation materials, TV plastics, and styrofoam in marine fishery among construction materials and restrict the use as recycled raw materials.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.281-286
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• 2022

In this study, design of an intuitive internal resistance diagnostic device is to diagnose the residual capacity and aging of the battery regardless of the model and the internal protocol of the waste battery through the method of measuring the internal resistance of a waste battery. In this paper, charging and discharging were continuously performed with 2A charging and 5A discharging in order to secure data on impedance changes that may occur in the charging and discharging process of various methods. As a result of the final experiment, it was confirmed that the impedance change occurred during charging and discharging, and the amount of change increased as the charging/discharging C-rate increased. In addition, it was confirmed that the waste battery aged or abnormal cell had a large change in the impedance value.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제31권
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• pp.6.1-6.10
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• 2016

Objectives This study examined the spatial distribution and the extent of soil contamination by heavy metals resulting from primitive, unconventional informal electronic waste recycling in the Agbogbloshie e-waste processing site (AEPS) in Ghana. Methods A total of 132 samples were collected at 100 m intervals, with a handheld global position system used in taking the location data of the soil sample points. Observing all procedural and quality assurance measures, the samples were analyzed for barium (Ba), cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), mercury (Hg), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn), using X-ray fluorescence. Using environmental risk indices of contamination factor and degree of contamination ($C_{deg}$), we analyzed the individual contribution of each heavy metal contamination and the overall $C_{deg}$. We further used geostatistical techniques of spatial autocorrelation and variability to examine spatial distribution and extent of heavy metal contamination. Results Results from soil analysis showed that heavy metal concentrations were significantly higher than the Canadian Environmental Protection Agency and Dutch environmental standards. In an increasing order, Pb>Cd>Hg>Cu>Zn>Cr>Co>Ba>Ni contributed significantly to the overall $C_{deg}$. Contamination was highest in the main working areas of burning and dismantling sites, indicating the influence of recycling activities. Geostatistical analysis also revealed that heavy metal contamination spreads beyond the main working areas to residential, recreational, farming, and commercial areas. Conclusions Our results show that the studied heavy metals are ubiquitous within AEPS and the significantly high concentration of these metals reflect the contamination factor and $C_{deg}$, indicating soil contamination in AEPS with the nine heavy metals studied.

• 한국시스템다이내믹스연구
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.129-154
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• 2008

As a practical means to upgrade urban sustainability, this paper focuses on resource cyclical systems concerned with the waste of electric and electronic equipment (WEEE) in Korea. Borrowing System Dynamics concepts and approaches, it examines behavioral changes of WEEE dynamics to observe whether the existing management methods can be readjusted. The measurement is based upon both reuse and material and thermal recycle simulation works in the individual stage of WEEE discharge, collection, and treatment, going beyond the traditional recycle-only customs. This research estimates that the newly introduced Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) system would definitely exert a significant impact on the final stage of WEEE treatment, decreasing the final treatment volume in the first half of the research period. The trend, nonetheless, would be reversed in the second half, mainly owing to the additional waste volume originated from the local government and recycling center. Sensitivity analysis poses, among others, that the local government-supported reuse center should take charge of a pivotal role in the long run. The research also shows that sufficientand necessary conditions for the WEEE management and treatment should be given to the combined efforts, both from the private sectors and the public domains. Based on these research findings, the paper recommends that key stakeholders including the producer and the public organizations should devise how to jointly carry out specific agenda centered around partnership or network buildings.

• 자원리싸이클링
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.3-10
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• 2021

도시광산의 대표적인 사례인 폐 전자부품 재활용 분야는 유용한 선별기술의 개발이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 전자부품들을 4개의 그룹으로 선별하기 위해 딥러닝에 의한 이미지 식별을 기반으로 한 선별기를 개발하였다. 전자부품들은 폐 인쇄회로기판으로부터 회수되었으며, 처리 후 차이점에 따라 분리되어야 한다. 선별기는 GPU, 카메라, 컨베이어벨트, 공기 압축기로 이루어진 워크스테이션으로 구성되어있다. 컨베이어벨트(벨트 속도: 6cm/s) 위에 있는 작은 크기(3.5cm 이하)의 전자부품들을 데이터로 가져와 학습했다. 이미지 식별의 정확도는 종류에 따라 96%, 그리고 그룹에 따라 99%였다. 벨트속도와 압축공기의 블로다운 시간과 같은 작동조건에 변화를 주었을 때, 이미지 식별의 정확도 그리고 블로다운에 의한 회수율을 측정하여 선별의 최적 조건을 결정했다. 최적조건에서 이미지 분류의 정확도는 그룹별로 98.7%였다. 선별 효율은 70% 이상이었다.

• 자원리싸이클링
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.3-14
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• 2012

중국의 도시광산 재자원화산업을 파악 검토하기 위하여 ELV(사용후자동차), E-waste(Waste Electric Electronic Equipment) 및 비철금속의 리싸이클링을 조사하였다. 중국의 자동차 판매대수가 1,000만대를 넘어서고, 폐차대수도 증가하고 있으나 리싸이클링은 원활하지 못하다. 중국 도시의 가전 보유량은 선진국 수준으로 농촌과의 격차가 크다. 세계 E-waste의 많은 량이 중국으로 유입되어 세계의 E-waste 리싸이클링센터를 형성하고 있다. 비철금속의 소비량은 계속 증가하고 있지만 리싸이클링 수준은 낮다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.91-97
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• 2018

This study carried out first a component survey on the domestic waste shipped into a waste disposal facility in B city, and then heavy metal analysis of each component according to the SRF standards. Based on this, this study explored the problems with domestic waste and measures to improve them. The results are as follows. The result of the survey of physical components show that paper accounted for the largest proportion with 20.5 %~59.9 %, metals (including batteries) among incombustibles accounted for 0.0~8.3 %, other inorganic substances, glass and ceramics accounted for 0.0~43.7 % and 0.0 %~19.6 % respectively. However, the proportion of coated viny and plastics, which have high lead and cadmium content, was rather high with 2.9 %~30.9 %. This suggests the possibility that actual concentration of lead and cadmium within SRF is likely to be higher. Among the 15 components contained in the waste brought into the waste disposal facility, 10 components (food waste, textiles, vinyl, plastics, wood, rubber and leather, paper, metals, electronic substrates, and nail polish) were analyzed according to assay samples (approximately 0.1 g and 0.3 g). The result of analysis shows that the amount of Cd and Pb detected in coated vinyl for 0.109 g of assay sample was 98.6 mg/kg and 20.6 mg/kg respectively; 117.0 mg/kg and 29.0 mg/kg respectively for 0.313 g of assay sample. This is high contents exceeding the Cd standard. As for wooden component, the amount of Pb was 480.0 mg/kg for 0.3 g of assay sample. This suggests that there always exists the possibility of exceeding the exposure level of heavy metals (Cd and Pb) in SRF as long as coated wood and vinyl plastics with high contents of Pb and Cd are shipped into the waste disposal facility; and the local government and the residents need to work hard to improve the situation including development of the machine to sort electronic substrates and batteries for separate collection of the waste of coated vinyl and plastics within domestic waste.