• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.149-168
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• 2007

e-Trade Payment system has been transformed by quickly and effectively. The e-trade Payment system such as TradeCard System, Bolero Surf, Identrus Eleanor and e-Escrow and e-letter of Credit issued by SWIFT System enable partly sellers, buyers and service providers. This paper studies for SWIFT, Surf, TradeCard, Eleanor, e-Escrow as international trade payment, As reason following : The First, Bolero is a neutral secure platform enabling paperless trading between exporter, importer, and their logistics service and bank partners, insurance company. The Second, TradeCard is to manage procurement-to-payment worldwide, that is exporter, importer and connected partners, paperless platform. The Third, Identrus is the global leader in trusted identity solutions, recognized by global financial institutions, commercial organizations and bank partners around the world. The Forth, Escrow payment have effect to L/C issue and enter into electronic contracts in internet bank. Trader practice use Escrow Bank as the same bank that rules to Issuing Bank and Advising Bank and payment, acceptance. This paper of these electronic payment have studies new international trade payment to approach such as eUCP rules and TradeCard System, Surf of bolero, eleanor of Identrus, SWIFT.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.133-150
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• 2005

Electronic Trade is dramatically changing classical international trade paradigms. In particular, under the new economic environment, the ability to utilize and Information Technologies such as Electronic Data Interchange, Web-based EDI, ebXML, web service, Internet are emerging as an important factor in deciding the competitiveness of export business. The primary purpose of this study is (1) to investigate motivation factors and performance factors of electronic trade, (2) to show the relationship between motivation factors and the level of the utilization of e-trade, (3) to reveal the relationship between the level of the utilization and performance factors of e-trade. Analysis of survey questionnaire of Korean middle and small companies indicates the following : (1) motivation factors such as cost factor, education and promotion and the search of new market, have positive effect on the level of utilization of e-trade. (2) the level of utilization of e-trade has positive effect on the performance factors such as cost factor, the search of new market, the improvement of task process.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.51
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• pp.417-439
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• 2011

In order to improve e-Trade service, this paper has deduced impeding factors after review of precedent research on e-Trade and analysis of e-Trade current status. Then an empirical analysis of whether variables deduced are detrimental factors to utilization of e-Trade service has been made on the basis of a research model and relevant hypotheses. The scope of e-Trade service indicated in this paper is limited to use of uTradeHub system. Analytical results for the improvement of e-Trade service clearly indicate that the higher the impeding factor to utilization of the system integration, logistics and customs clearance, marketing and users field, the more necessary the service improvement for invigoration of e-Trade service. However, foreign exchange field does not seem to require attention because SMEs have not active will to do electronic payment through the process of electronic documents.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.14
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• pp.373-395
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• 2000

Recently international trade environment has been rapidly changed according to information age. In particular, international trade has been carried out with various ways under the digital revolution. In this regard, the companies are handling their business with the open network internet and doing their critical marketing activities which are very different from the existed trade customs. However, trade-related information database which is necessary to import and export activities is partly built, and there are many issues to be settled down. In other words, electronic trade opportunity website in the field of overseas marketing and customs clearance with EDI(electronic data interchange) are developed, but the database which companies can make use of their businesses is not fully supported. Therefore the structured database should be developed urgently from the stage of opening business to that of payment. This study closely analyzes the databases under the trade procedure, look into the problems of those database and suggest the solutions of trade information databases. Finally this study provides a sort of trade infrastructure for the development of international trade by internet through the building of trade information.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.129-153
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• 2004

In order to succeed in e-Trade Project in Korea, the related parties endeavor to introduce the e-title registry model such as Bolero model(Title Registry Model) and TEDI model (Repository Service Provider Model). Prior to mentioning the Model of e-Title Registry, desirable Global e-Trade Platform is the platform connecting Global e-Trade Platforms in each country and Bolero's Core Messaging Platform and e-Title Registry must be established in each country. Each e-Title Registry must be connected with another registry. Like Korea, Recognized Electronic Document Repository must be established as proxy for preserving, attesting, carrying out sending and receiving electronic document to prevent from disputes between parties and to carry out notarizing electronic documents and related transaction. The purpose of this paper is to promote the introduction of e-Title Registry in the e-Trade and to streamline the procedures of the electronic bill of lading.

• The Journal of Information Technology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.27-41
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• 2005

Electronic Trade of increasing is the use of the Internet makes it possible for business to expand their markets and render services. However, it also brought up many problems caused by various issues. The problems encompass consumer protection and dispute settlement between the disputed parties. Online ADR have some advantage that are convenience, low-cost, legitimate to online users and avoids jurisdiction issues and some disadvantages that are loss of the human factor, lack of accessibility, lack of confidentiality and security and difficulty of enforcing arbitral agreements. This purpose of this paper is to reviews the types of Online ADR, as the dispute settlement way in Electronic Trade. This study points out the task that korea has to promote the Online ADR for more effective and efficient dispute settlements.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.43-47
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• 2013

Within the United Nations framework of the Economic and Social Council, the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) serves as the focal point for trade facilitation recommendations and electronic business standards, covering both commercial and government business processes that can foster growth in international trade and related services. Accordingly United Nations Centre for Trade Facilitation and Electronic Business (UN/CEFACT) was established, as a subsidiary, intergovernmental body of the UNECE Committee on Trade, mandated to develop a program of work of global relevance to achieve improved worldwide coordination and cooperation in these areas. Domestic development and distribution of electronic documents to be conformed to international standards, it is enough to have the role of international activities continue to supply part of the domestic industry and the trends in participation and international standard.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.357-379
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• 2013

Recently, the government was introduced as currency for earning of raw materials purchasing system for electronic Government management of foreign trade in 2011, and revised regulations for electronic proof of purchase. In addition, the currency for earning of raw materials, such as procurement system in 2012, followed by electronic proof of purchase local letter of credit. The government electronic trading will be promoting local trading of electronic procedures. This study will be a preceding research on the goods control system for acquiring foreign currency and the obligation of using digitalized approval of purchase due to the revision of foreign trade law. Also, it will conduct theoretical and legal research regarding the obligation of digital establishment of the local L/C which is a result of amendments to the rules of operation for the Bank of Korea's trade finance. Further, it will analyze the legal and operational problems and its response plans for the establishment of the local trade integrated management system which promotes the digitalization of the local trade process.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.139-150
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• 1998

Due to development of science and telecommunication with wide-spread computer supply, it could be done through computer automatically instead of manpower-work for paper transportation & paper approval. It is developed to so-called Factory Automation. Further, it is developed to Office Automation. Trading companies & concerned trade authorities are interested in Trade Automation that such technique is applied to trade work. Generally, Trade Automation means to realize paperless trade by exchanging electronic papers through inter-computers after concerned trade operators transformed various papers to electronic papers that computer could read. In case Trade Automation fix in the trade business, it is expected one of innovations among traditional paper work of trade business, namely without going import-export authorities, Customs office, Banks. Shipping companies, Marine insurance companies on hand-carrying papers, it could be fast, simple, correct to finish every trade procedures such as commercial business, foreign currency, customs clearance, transportations, insurance. terms of payment, etc., with Electronic Data Interchange through computer facilities. Especially, telecommunication for trade form could be helpful to proceed trade paper with one-run-method Further we can anticipate 6 effects for Trade Automation as belows : First, as explained just above articles, with completion for Trade Automation, every trade procedures can be done by computer. so, time to work can be diminished. namely. logistics cost including accessory costs for trade procedures can be saved much. Second, viewing to private enterprise, effect of Office Automation can be maximized and rapid, correct exchange for various trade informations could raise efficiency of enterprise management establishing rational production, storage, transportation and could raise competition improving standard for consumers's service. Third, establishing Trade Automation systems makes it easier piling-up of harbor cargo by pre-transmission of electronic paper & trade informations make it possible to finish customs clearance in advance and can be dispatched upon cargo arrival. Fourth, most of concerned trade authorities such as import-export approval office. financial authorities, transport & insurance companies concentrated in Metropolitan area(Seoul, In -Cheon, Kyung-Ki). Therefore, in case Trade Automation could be realized. it is possible to proceed trade business instantly in every country area by computer facilities. Also. it contribute well-balanced development for suburb. region area by suburb dispersion of trading companies. Fifth, on the way to Trade Automation establishment & its enlargement process. producing enormous demand for over-all telecommunication such as hardware. software. network makes opportunity to progress telecommunication industry & concerned industries. Finally. Trade Automation accelerate change of employment structure leading unnecessary labors on the industries of office & logistics to manufacturing area.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.135-156
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• 2005

Since July 7 mutual declaration in 1988 which is a landmark for South-North Korean relations, Inter-Korean Trade has been set out. During the period, the Inter-Korean Trade has been ups and downs depending on the Inter-Korean relations and economic situation of both countries. South Korea became one of the major three trading countries of North Korea's trading partners in 2000, when the sum of annual trade volume reached the record 425million US dollars. A rapidly increasing number of countries including North Korea are developing national policies and strategies to promote the digital economy, recognizing the potential benefits of e-business as an engine of growth and development. However, the trade structure of South-North Korea remains very simple in terms of its contents. Furthermore trade procedure many limitations especially electronic commerce in North Korea has many obstacles to working properly. The information in Inter-Korean trade cannot be shared in common. South Korean firms have suffered repeatedly trial and error and excessive competition took place among South Korean firms. Institutional inertia related to mutual trade, political and military Impacts on Inter-Korean economic relations, abnormal industrial structure of North Korea and insufficiency of SOC could be mentioned as major problems in Inter-Korean trade as well. Several measures should be taken in order to cope with those problems. First of all, South Korean government should provide valuable information to business firms about North Korean economy and business environments. It is suggested that forums related to inter-Korean trade hold in regular base between South and North Koreas and establish the system of business information sharing. Second, the government should improve various laws and regulations to respond to the realistic needs of inter-Korean trade. That is, detailed measures should be taken to guarantee investment in electronic commerce. Third, it is desirable to start with the mutual agreement between South and North Korea.