• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.229-247
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• 1999

Where a paper document, a manual signature, or negotiability is required in statute, then solutions must be found through a change in the law. However, where the problem originates in commercial usage, then the solution can be easier, and speedy. Certainly, nearly all of the functions that paper document provides can be equally, or better, satisfied by electronic means. That is, Electronic Commerce(EC), which has been increasing rapidly and is a new type of transaction, may be hindered by legal obstacles to use of Electronic Message, or by uncertainty to its legal effect and validity. Therefore, it is important to sustain legal effect to Electronic Message for the prosperity of EC The one of solutions is to use reliable Electronic signature system by Certification Authority to verify the authenticity of Electronic Message.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.187-208
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• 2000

Remotely accessible information resources are greatly increasing in number and importance, but thee are stored in different systems and in different formats all over the world. For this reason, the bibliographic control must be established for the network information resources. This paper intends to describe the characteristics of remote electronic journal, to review some projects and issues related to the cataloging of remote electronic journal, expecially field 856(electronic locatio and access) in the USMARC, and to analyze AACR2R(chapter 9,12), ISBED(ER), OCLC manual, and, CCM Module 31.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1997.07f
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• pp.2200-2203
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• 1997

This paper presents a model for p voltage controlled pulse width modulator (VCPWM), which can be used in any phase controlled converter having either manual or microprocessor based control. The circuit uses only one 555 timer, an OpAmp, some resistors, and capacitors. Although a large varieties of such circuits are available in the literature, this model is very simple with low cost and high performance.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.321-327
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• 2012

To evaluate whether or not their product is in conformity with its drawing, today's factories manufacturing rubber and/or plastic products use manual process. In manual conformity inspection process, a person decides conformity as comparing drawing to image of product with his eyes. The manual process is tedious and time-consuming in addition that it is impossible to automatically record various informations related to inspection. To solve such problems, this paper proposes automatic drawing conformity inspection system based on computer vision technologies such as image feature matching and bilinear interpolation. The test results show that proposed system is a lot faster when comparing with manual system.

• The Journal of Churna Manual Medicine for Spine and Nerves
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.75-87
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• 2020

Objectives : This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of manual therapy for wrist pain. Methods : We searched electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, CAJ, KISS, RISS, NDSL, OASIS, and KMBASE) for randomized controlled trials for manual therapy as a treatment for wrist pain. Results : A total of 9 randomized controlled trials were selected and meta-analysis was conducted on 6 studies. Three studies with different design of the intervention/control group were excluded from the meta-analysis. A high risk of bias was observed for both performance bias and detection bias. Conclusions : Our systematic review verified the clinical effect of manual therapy on wrist pain. Based on the results of this study, it is expected that clinical studies on wrist diseases and high-level follow-up studies will be conducted.

• The Journal of Churna Manual Medicine for Spine and Nerves
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.123-134
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• 2019

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to analyze the clinical application status in papers related to Chuna Manual Therapy after musculoskeletal disorder surgery. Methods : We searched 6 electronic databases(RISS, DBpia, KISS, NDSL, OASIS, Pubmed) and 2 associated journals (Korea CHUNA Manual Medicine for Spine & Nerves, Korean Medicine Rehabilitation). We classified the papers by related musculoskeletal region and analyzed them in detail. Results : 1. Of the 24 papers included in the final analysis list, 13 were carried out for fascia and 18 for joints. 2. There were positive effects on the improvement of symptoms, including the relief of pain in patients, and there were no cases of severe side effects and adverse events. 3. Thus, CMT can be used as a safe and effective treatment if a skilled practitioner makes proper use of the follow-up procedure based on accurate judgment of the patient's postoperative condition. Conclusions : Through this paper, we expect that there will be active research on the clinical applications of Chuna Manual Therapy in Korean rehabilitation treatment after musculoskeletal disorder surgery.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.121-139
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• 2021

Technical documents in the construction field are changing from paper documents to electronic ones. As a result, the industry witnesses a trend of using portable electronic devices in searching or retrieving necessary information such as relevant regulations. Despite the improvement in the accessibility to general technical documents, a limitation is still found in accessing the electronic documents on the regulations. We see the barrier for field engineers to enhance their technical knowledge. One of major barriers is that videos, animations, and virtual reality information to enhance the visual understanding of technical content related to regulations are not linked. It is the interactive electronic technical manual (IETM) that can address such issues. The IETM is an electronic document system that enables real-time information acquisition while operating in the form of conversations with users by linking multimedia functions to document types such as specifications and guidelines. This study establishes a model of the IETM that can be operated in the planning stage of a construction project. The study also verifies its usability with a hypothetical case study. This study aims to improve the usability of the IETM in the construction project by analyzing the application effect of the IETM using the AHP technique.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.7 no.5
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• pp.96-106
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• 1999

In this study, the advanced shift control algorithm for parallel type hybrid drivetrain system with automated manual transmission(AMT) is proposed. The AMT can be easily realized by mounting the pneumatic actuators and sensors on the clutch and shift levers of the conventional manual transmission. By using the electronic-controlled AMT, engine and induction machine, it is possible to achieve the integrated control of overall system for the efficiency and the performance of the vehicle. Performing the speed control of the induction machine and the engine, the synchronization at gear shifting and the smooth engagement of clutch can be guaranteed. And it enables to reduce the shift shock and shorten the shift time. Hence, it results in the improvement of shift quality and the driving comfort of the vehicle. Dynamometer-based experiments are carried out to prove the validity of the proposed shift control algorithm.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.434-443
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• 2022

CPR in High-rise building is one of the challenging tasks to 119 paramedics, evacuating patient from the narrow and vertical area. This study was built to compare the method of mechanical CPR and manual CPR is to maximizing on-scene treatment time, and minimizing the hand-off time in cardiac arrest, transporting patient as fast as possible. The electronic data research (Science, Pubmed, Medline, Medline and 55 academic DB interworking) was conducted, and five articles were included by reviewing and excluding through the Covidence program and Review Manager version 5.4(Cochrane Collaboration). OHCA occurring on the higher floor indicates lower in survival. A total studies uniformly reported mechanical CPR is more effective during the high-rise building evacuation, than manual CPR in rate, depth, and hands-on time of chest compression. Use of mechanical CPR device is more suitable in case of High-rise building OHCA to improve the survival rate which is affected by high-quality CPR.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.6 no.1 s.23
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• pp.99-108
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• 2005

Interactive electronic technical manual(IETM) for construction projects means an electronic tool that regulations and specifications related to construction method or maintenance process ale described by electronic book type. It has a meaning of integrated information system that includes virtual reality(VR), 3D animation and image contents for representing real construction information so that user can easily understand the construction situation and maintenance process. The basic information and technical manuals of construction facilities are being written as paper documents in our construction industry. As the result, the information management in the maintenance phase of construction projects is inefficient, and maintenance cost is being increased. This study attempts to improve the lack of understanding about construction IETM through the analysis of necessity and unique function of construction IETM comparing with the IETMS in other industry, Finally, this study shows a scenario of construction IErM for mitigating natural disaster of construction facilities to verify applicability of IETM.