• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.97-101
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• 1999

The most important technical problem in EC is about secure electronic payment systems. Electronic payment systems come three different types distinguished by the payment method: electronic cash, electronic check, and creditcard. In these types, electronic cash payment system is popular and practical as in real commerce. But electronic cash can be copied easily, then it is infeasible to prevent user from double-spending a coin. In this paper, we overview several requirements for secure electronic payment system and present other proposed additions to the results. At last we present a model system which considers requirements above examined.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.139-147
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• 2019

In this paper we propose a method to distinguish damaged electronic records and an electronic record recovery method according to damage type. The proposed classification engine and recovery engine classify damaged electronic records based on the form and structure of electronic records and increase the probability of recovery according to the damaged form. Through this process, we propose a method to minimize the electronic records that are destroyed and verify them through experiments.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Power Electronics
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.244-258
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• 2019

The reliability of power electronic systems becomes increasingly important, as power electronic systems have gradually gained an essential status in a wide range of industrial applications. Accordingly, recent research has made an effort to improve the reliability of power electronic systems to comply with stringent constraints on safety, cost, and availability. The condition monitoring of power electronic components is one of the main topics in the research area of the reliability of power electronic systems. In this paper, condition-monitoring methods of reliability-critical components in power electronic systems are discussed to provide the current state of knowledge by organizing and evaluating current representative literature.

• Current Optics and Photonics
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.359-366
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• 2022

In this paper, we present a new design for angle-sensitive pixels (ASPs). The proposed ASPs take advantage of subwavelength compound gratings to capture the light angle, which enables pixel size to reach the wavelength scale of 0.7 ㎛ × 0.7 ㎛. The subwavelength compound gratings are implemented by the wires of the readout circuit inherent to the standard complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor manufacturing process, thus avoiding additional off-chip optics or post-processing. This technique allows the use of two pixels for horizontal or vertical angle detection, and can determine the light's angle in the range from -45° to +45°. The proposed sensor enables surface-profile reconstruction of microscale samples using a lensless imaging system.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.29-37
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• 2024

Resorting to electronic arbitration to resolve disputes in international trade contracts is the most important reflection of technological progress on the reality of international commercial arbitration. Electronic is a modern image of traditional arbitration, and this type of arbitration provides many advantages that are not provided by any legal system for resolving disputes, including speed, effectiveness and lower costs. What will this development produce? Through technical progress in the means of communication, it has become conceivable that international trade dealers agree to arbitration via electronic means of communication, followed by the completion of the arbitration process via the Internet, leading to the issuance of the electronic arbitration award in an electronic manner as well.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.38
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• pp.3-45
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• 2008

A motive and aim of enactment of UN Convention on the Use of Electronic Communication in Int'l Contracts is based on need to eliminate legal obstacles that might arise under existing int'l trade law instruments and promote int'l electronic commercial transaction. But when it is used with related articles, 14, 15, 16, 17 for offer under CISG, one of the most successful conventions which produces substantive law for the unification of int'l trade, questions of practical importance, for example possibilities of withdrawal, revocation, rejection of offer, the extent of its criteria arise from therewith. In conclusion, a effective electronic offer has to assure easily access and confirmation of trade terms besides criteria of offer under CISG. An offer can be withdrawal, if electronic message of withdrawal has entered the offeree's server before or at the same time when the offer has reached the offeree but agreement expressly or impliedly, between the parties about type, format, email address is a prerequisited. Implied consent could be presumed through prior conduct or trade usages between the parties under CISG articles 8, 9. The term "have reached" correspond to the time which is able to retrieve the electronic message of withdrawal. But without express or implied agreement between them about electronic communication of type, format, email address, an offer can be withdrawal before or at the same time when it has entered offeree's other e-mail address and confirmed by his retrieval. In case of the revocation, electronic message of the revocation is effective before the offeree's dispatching an acceptance. A prerequisite for the revocation by electronic communication is came as the above mentioned withdrawal except for concept of a time difference for reach. In case of a rejection of offer, when a rejection by electronic communication has entered the offeror's server, an offer is ended. But a prerequisite for the rejection by electronic message is same as the above mentioned withdrawal and revocation.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.1-10
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• 2016

This paper reports the trends of researches and technologies of electronic packaging using graphene. Electronic packaging is to provide the signal and electrical current among electronic components, to remove the heat in electronic systems or components, to protect and support the electronic components from external environment. As the required functions and performances of electronic systems or components increase, the electronic packaging has been intensively attracted attention. Therefore, technologies such as miniaturization, high density, Pb-free material, high reliability, heat dissipation and so on, are required in electronic packaging. Recently, graphene, which is a single two-dimensional layer of carbon atoms, has been extensively investigated because of its superior mechanical, electrical and thermal properties. Until now, many studies have been reported the applications using graphene such as flexible display, electrode, super capacitor, composite materials and so on. In this paper, we will introduce and discuss various studies on recent technologies of electronic packaging using graphene for solving the required issues.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.41-61
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• 2001

Many markets are forecast to see significant changes due to the growth of electronic commerce made possible by the internet. The way of doing business with internet affects the market mechanism. It is now over 10 years since Malone et al(1987) set out their hypothesis on electronic markets, and electronic hierarchies. An electronic market is an interorganizational information system through which multiple buyers and sellers interact to accomplish one or more of the following market-making activities. And they predicted that markets evolve toward electronic markets, by reducing search cost, which may result in significantly. higher price competition among sellers and therefore lower prices for buyers. And the degree of two factors; asset specificity and uncertainty, affect the market mechanism. Products with low asset specificity and low uncertainty are compatible with a market relationship while the greater the asset specificity and uncertainty, the more likely it is to favour a hierarchical structure. Based on the these researches, we observed and analyzed a case study of market mechanism in Internet business. We found the fact that even though Internet could make the business environment in which lots of buyers and suppliers participate, electronic market will evolve market mechanism. 1 analyzed two factors, which affected market evolution. First, When Asset specificity is low in electronic commerce, market structure should be preferred to hierarchical structure. Second, When transaction uncertainty is low in electronic commerce, market structure should be preferred In hierarchical structure. This research covers conceptual and empirical aspects on electronic market structure. Future research should be variously done about the influential factors of electronic market mechanism.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.193-218
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• 2004

Electronic records created by Korean Government Agencies in the course of their business activities have been increased rapidly since e-Government had been implemented. With more government business being, conducted electronically, the importance of managing electronic records effectively, appropriately, and trustily has never been greater. For managing electronic records accountably and trustily, it to necessary to develop relevant and detail electronic records management regulation. For that reason, this study is to analyze Korean Acts and Foreign(USA, UK, Canada Australia) Acts, Regulations, or Policies related to electronic records management and to suggest legislative requirements which could guide to develop regulation or Act of electronic records management.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.5 no.6
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• pp.120-128
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• 2005

One of the most secure ways of maintaining the confidentiality and integrity of electronic information is to use electronic signatures. So, in this paper, we developed guideline on electronic signatures for EMR(electronic medical record) based on the Medical Law and the Electronic Signature Act. This guideline is intended to introduce EMR easily in the medical field and to facilitate the promotion of EMR. We developed it through consulting from the advisory committee that was made up of experts in the fields of medical record, EMR system and electronic signatures. The contents of the guideline consist of subject and time stamp of electronic signatures, validity of a certificate, management of electronic signatures and custody and management of EMR. In the future, we will develop practical cases and promote educations and publicities of them to use in the medical institutes and EMR system related industries.