• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.7 no.12
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• pp.139-144
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• 2007

Radiotherapy which is the most effective for orbit lymphoma has been used increasingly due to the increase of orbit or ocular adnexal tumor patients. Curative effects and convalescence have been being more satisfied thanks to remarkable development of cancer chemotherapy and medical treatments, but side effects such as cataract, dry eye and retinopathy still break out. Thus, in this study, a Lens Shielding Device (LSD hereafter) was designed to prevent occurring of cataract due to radiation therapy for orbit lymphoma and its efficacy through dosimetry were evaluated. And in this paper, its manufacturing process was also explained. LSD is composed of a cover body covering the lens and a side fixing part supporting the cover body. To measure radiation, the patient therapy conditions were simulated and the measurement of the radiation was conducted with Thermo Luminescence Detector (TLD) and Markus chamber. The average TLD value was 5.7% and the TLD value and Markus chamber value were acquired as 4.2% and 5.1% respectively at 6 mm depth where zero lens center was located. Only 1.5Gy ($300Gy{\times}\;5%$) or 5% of total 30Gy with 9 MeV electron beam is estimated to affect on patient's lens. That is smaller dose than the threshold value of cataract (2GY) or the value (5Gy) that was reported to cause cataract in clinical conditions. Thus, these findings suggest that LSD be very useful for prevention of cataract during radiotherapy for malignant lymphoma of orbit and ocular adnexa. Furthermore, it might be possible to reduce patient's discomfort caused by alien substances and to make it easier to fix the device with customized manufacturing manners.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.173-178
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• 2016

This study is to evaluate the effect of a Contrast Media (CM) on dose calculations and clinical significance in Radiation (Electromagnetic wave) Therapy (RT) plans for head & neck (H&N) and prostate cancer. Pinnacle 8.0 system was used to measure the change of Electron Density (ED) of the tissue for CM. To determine the effect of dose calculation due to CM, we did the RT planning for 30 patients. To compare the ED and dose calculations of RT plans, 3D CRT and IMRT plans were do with pinnacle and Tomotherapy planning system. Mean difference of ED between enhanced and unenhanced CT was less than 4%: H&N Target Volume (TV) 2.1%, parotid 1.9%, SMG 3.6%, tongue 0.9%, spinal cord 0.3%, esophagus 2.6%, mandible 0.1% and prostate TV 0.7%, lymph node 1.1%, bladder 1.2%, rectum 1.5%, small bowel 1.2%, colon 0.6%, penile bulb 0.8%, femoral head -0.2%. The dose difference between RT plan using CM and without CM showed an increase of dose in TV. The rate of increase was less than 2.5% (3D CRT: H&N 0.69~2.51%, prostate 0.04~1.14%, IMRT: H&N 0.58~1.31%, prostate 0.36~1.04%). RT plans using a CM has the insignificant effect on the organs and TV, so this error is allowable clinically. However, the much more accurate plan is possible as to image fusion (CM and without CM images) to ROI contour and when dose calculation, use the without CM image. Using the fusion of 'ROI import' perform calculations on without CM, it will be able to reduce the error (1~3%) caused by the CM.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.770-780
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• 2009

A new photosensitizer, 9-Hydroxypheophorbide-a (9-HpbD-a), was derived from Spirulina platensis. We conducted a series of experiments, in vitro and in vivo, to evaluate the anticancer effect and mechanism of photodynamic therapy using 9-HpbD-a and 660 nm diode lasers on a squamous carcinoma cell line. We studied the cytotoxic effects of pheophytin-a, 9-HpbD-a, 9-HpbD-a red and 660 nm diode lasers in a human head and neck cancer cell line (SNU-1041). Cell growth inhibition was determined by using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) reduction assay. The effects of 9-HpbD was higher than those of 9-HpbD-a red or pheophytin-a in PDT. We then tested the cytotoxic effects of 9-hydroxypheophorbide-a (9-HpbD-a) in vitro. The cultured SNU-I041 cells were treated with serial concentrations of 9-HpbD-a followed by various energy doses (0, 0.1, 0.5, 3.2 J/$cm^{2}$) and by various interval times (0, 3, 6, 9, 12 hr) until laser irradiation, then MTT assay was applied to measure the relative inhibitory effects of photodynamic therapy (PDT). Optimal laser irradiation time was 30 minutes and the cytotoxic effects according to incubation time after 9-HpbD-a treatment increased until 6 hours, after which it then showed no increase. To observe the cell death mechanism after PDT, SUN-I041 cells were stained by Hoechst 33342 and propidium iodide after PDT, and observed under transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The principal mechanism of PDT at a low dose of 9-HpbD-a was apoptosis, and at a high dose of 9-HpbD-a it was necrosis. PDT effects were also observed in a xenografted nude mouse model. Group I (no 9-HpbD-a, no laser irradiation) and Group II (9-HpbD-a injection only) showed no response (4/4, 100%), and Group III (laser irradiation only) showed recurrence (1/4,25%) or no response (3/4, 75 %). Group IV (9-HpbD-a + laser irradiation) showed complete response (10/16, 62.5%), recurrence (4/16, 25%) or no response (2/16, 12.5%). Group IV showed a significant remission rate compared to other groups (p<0.05). These results suggest that 9-HpbD-a is a promising photosensitizer for the future and that further studies on biodistribution, toxicity and mechanism of action would be needed to use 9-HpbD-a as a photosensitizer in the clinical setting.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.325-332
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• 2014

Metallic nanoparticles have attractive properties in biomedical applications such as diagnostics and therapeutics. Cross linked dextran coated iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) and silica coated gadolinium oxide nanoparticles (SPGONs) have been synthesized as a radiosensitizer in the proton beam cancer therapy. The dextran and silicaused for the protective moieties on the SPIONs and SPGONs respectively. Size distributions of synthesized nanoparticles were confirmed 3~5 nm for SPIONs and 30~100 nm for SPGONs by transmission electron microscope (TEM). Cell survival fraction measurement and Western blot assay were performed to evaluate the radiosensitization effects of synthesized radiosensitizer. The calculated radiosensitization of SPIONs and SPGONs at 90 % cell death from the measured cell survival curves were 1.23 and 1.03 respectively. Western blotting results also show the same consistent results that the amount of released cytochrome c from mitochondria was considerably increased for the cancer cells taken up SPIONs.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.375-380
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• 2011

This study evaluated whether fluoride treatment can affect recovery of the irregularity of enamel surface after tooth whitening with a high concentration of hydrogen peroxide (HP) activated by plasma arc light. A total of 36 bovine teeth stained with coke were used in this experiment. The specimens were classified into following three groups (two different commercial plasma arc groups and a control group without light curing source): (1) 35% HP gel only, (2): 35% HP gel and Plasma arc A, and (3) 35% HP gel and Plasma arc B. To measure color changes and surface morphologies before and after the bleaching, colorimeter and scanning electron microscopy were used, respectively. When the specimens were bleached with hydrogen peroxide and plasma arc lights, the bleaching effect was greater than when only hydrogen peroxide gels were used (Kruskal-Wallis test, p<0.05). In addition, plasma arc B showed the more color changes than plasma arc A (Bonferroni post-hoc test, p<0.05). The surfaces of the teeth treated with fluoride gel after the whitening treatment came to be smooth. Therefore, the results of this study suggested that the fluoride application for patients who got tooth whitening therapy with a high concentration of hydrogen peroxide gels activated by plasma arc light will be effective to recover rough enamel surfaces.

• The Journal of the Korean Society for Microbiology
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.423-433
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• 1999

A novel bacteriophage, designated as VPP97, that infects the strains of Vibiro parahaemolyticus (hallophilic, Gram-negative bacterium) isolated most commonly from marine environments, has been discovered, and several of its properties have been determined. The plaques were clear and sized $0.6{\sim}1.0\;mm$ in diameter. The virion forms a single band on 70% sucrose gradient and ${\rho}1.50$ CsCl gradient by sucrose gradient centrifugation and CsCl gradient centrifugation respectively. It has a hexagonal head and a relatively long tail, as shown by electron microscopy. Vibrio alginolyticus, Vibrio fluvialis and Vibrio furnissii were also sensitive to this phage. It was almost totally inactivated at $70^{\circ}C$ and at pH below 5 or over 10. The nucleic acid of VPP97 is composed of DNA. The VPP97 had 9 specific structural proteins sized between 21.5 kDa and 97.4 kDa on SDS-PAGE. When V. parahaemolyticus cultures were treated with either phage VPP97 or one of the several antibiotics for 2 hours, the viable number of V. parahaemolyticus treated with the phage VPP97 is lower than that treated with chloramphenicol, erythromycin or penicillin, but not lower than that treated with tetracycline. Mice that have responded to the phage treatment revealed the lower numbers of V. parahaemolyticus in small intestine and less damage on small intestine compared to the untreated mice. Therefore, we suggest that the phage treatment appears effective to the infection by V. parahaemolyticus.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.36-42
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• 2002

Resistance of perilla varieties to Botrytis cinerea LVF12 was evaluated, while antagonistic bacteria were selected and tested for their efficacy towards biological control of gray mold rot caused by B. cinerea. Among 11 perilla varieties tested for disease resistance, Milyang variety showed some degree of resistance, while the rest of varieties showed no resistance. Among 250 bacterial isolates collected from perilla loaves and rhizosphere of perilla plants, six isolates showed high levels of inhibitory effect on mycelial growth and conidial germination of B. cinerea in in vitro test. Using the pot test in growth chambers these isolates showed high levels of disease suppression, with Nl isolate showing 95.3% of control value and N4 isolate showing 90.8% of control value. Further test was performed to evaluate the two isolates ability for disease prevention and/or disease therapy, and results showed almost 100% of control vague. Isolates Nl and N4 were identified as Bacillus licheniformis and 5. megatepium, respectively, according to Bergey's manual, API 20E and 50CHB test kit, and Transmission electron microscope.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.229-234
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• 2008

Purpose: There are some reports presenting that peripheral blood contain circulating hematopoietic cells as well as, in significantly smaller quantities, mesenchymal stem cells. The purposes of this study is to isolate and characterize circulating mesenchymal progenitor cells with osteogenic potential from human peripheral blood. Methods: Human buffycoat containing mononuclear cells was harvested from peripheral blood of normal persons and isolated using a density gradient centrifugation and serially subcultured in osteogenic media for 1-4 weeks. The proliferation capability, phase-contrast microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, immunophenotype FACS analysis, Alizarin red staining and RT-PCR assays for osteogenic differentiation potential were performed. Results: The phenotype of cultured cells changed from small round or cuboidal cells at passage 1 into large spindle-shaped fibroblastic morphology cells at passage 4. Surface marker expressed CD14, but did not express CD34, CD80, CD83. Strong positive staining was observed for Alizarin reds in osteogenic medium on day 14, Using RT-PCR, the mRNA levels of bone- specific genes, such as ALP, c-bfa-1 and osteocalcin were detected. Conclusion: A new subset of peripheral blood derived progenitor cells described here has the ability to proliferate and differentiate into osteogenic cell lineages in vitro, and to be candidate for regenerative therapy.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.253-266
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• 1996

To investigate the effects of mercuric chloride ($HgCl_2$) on the differentiation of the cerebral neuron of chick embryo 9 days, the ultrastructural changes in nerve cells injected with a various doses of mercuric chloride were observed with transmission electron microscope. The enzyme activity of the some dehydrogenases, cerebral proteins and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) were also analyzed. The results obtained are as follows: The ultrastructural changes in 0.5 and 1.0mg-injected groups were undetectable, but in 2.0mg-injected group, the nuclear envelops were very irregular and mitochondria, were swelled and destroyed partly. The number of polypeptide bands separated by SDS-PAGE in the normal group were 37 bands. According to the in creased dose of mercuric chloride, contends of the bands were increased in 7 bands. The activities of dehydrogenases were declined by increasing the dose of mercuric chloride. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity failed to 78% in 1.0mg-injected group and greatly to 68% in 2.0 mg-injected group. Malate dehydrogenase (MDH) activity failed to 81% in 2.0 mg-injected group. On the other hand, succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity decreased to 80% in 1.0 mg-injected group and greatly to 63% in 2.0 mg-injected group. ATP content in 1.0 mg-injected group was increased slightly and in 2.0 mg-injected group was increased greatly.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.81-87
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• 2000

This study has been carried out to understand histochemical and ultrastructural changes by acupuncture stimulation at the acupoint of the Zusanli (St. 36) in the rat. A lot of mast cells are observed in the peripheral of the hole with a sparrow-pecking and twistin -needle manipulation to the acupoint Zusanli for induction of 'Qi'. These cells contained a lot of granules with varied electron density and exocytosis granules were observed near the mast cell. H-bands of the muscle fiber that situated near the hole were shortened. It is assumed that these muscles are contracted by acupuncture stimulation. These results imply that functional relationship between mast cells in the dermis and Qi-sensation induced by acupuncture plays an important role on the specific receptor response to the mechanical stimulation.