• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.53-62
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• 2017

경제 및 산업의 원천 에너지원인 전력은 생산과 소비의 지역적 상이함으로 장거리 수송을 필수로 하며, 다중환상망(Multi-loop) 형식의 송배전계통으로 전력을 공급한다. 실질적 사용에 앞서, 변전소내 변압기를 통해 변전과정을 거쳐 각 사용처의 특성을 고려하여 전력공급이 이루어지고 있으며 변압기는 본체, 권선, 절연유, 부싱등의 구조로 결합되어 있다. 변전소에서 발생하는 변압기화재는 가구와 상업시설등에 전기공급을 중단시키고 각종 안전사고를 발생시키는 1차 손실뿐만 아니라 2차적으로 경제 손실을 야기한다. 화재의 원인은 부싱 하부파손에 따른 절연유 유출과 약 1초 이내 발화점에 도달하는 절연유에 의한 화재의 연쇄반응으로 파악된다. 화재피해의 최소화를 위해 연기감지기, 자동소화설비 등이 구축되어있으나 감지기의 동작 및 소화가스 방출지연 등으로 화재진화를 위한 골든타임 확보의 부재가 문제되고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 초기 화재진화에 따른 골든타임 확보의 중요성에 따라 화재확산을 방지하고 절연유 누출을 차단하는 능동적 메커니즘의 필요에 따라 수행되었다. 따라서 화염에 의해 팽창하는 고온형상 유지물질과 기계적 화염차단장치를 적용한 부싱방화구조체를 개발하였다. 실제 부싱 및 프렌지규격을 적용하여 제작된 변압기모형에 부싱방화구조체를 설치하여 실규모 화재실험을 수행하였다. 초기화염으로부터 3초내에 정확한 위치와 높이에 부싱방화구조체가 작동함을 확인하였으며 이는 실제 변압기화재 시 화염 확대를 효과적으로 차단할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.188-198
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• 2018

In this study, we propose an approach for the design and satisfy the requirements of the fabrication of a small, lightweight, reliable, and stable ultra-wideband receiver for millimeter-wave bands and the contents of the approach. In this paper, we designed and fabricated a stable receiver with having low noise figure, flat gain characteristics, and low noise characteristics, suitable for millimeter-wave bands. The method uses the chip-and-wire process for the assembly and operation of a bare MMIC device. In order to compensate for the mismatch between the components used in the receiver, an amplifier, mixer, multiplier, and filter suitable for wideband frequency characteristics were designed and applied to the receiver. To improve the low frequency and narrow bandwidth of existing products, mathematical modeling of the wideband receiver was performed and based on this spurious signals generated from complex local oscillation signals were designed so as not to affect the RF path. In the ultra-wideband receiver, the gain was between 22.2 dB and 28.5 dB at Band A (input frequency, 18-26 GHz) with a flatness of approximately 6.3 dB, while the gain was between 21.9 dB and 26.0 dB at Band B (input frequency, 26-40 GHz) with a flatness of approximately 4.1 dB. The measured value of the noise figure at Band A was 7.92 dB and the maximum value of noise figure, measured at Band B was 8.58 dB. The leakage signal of the local oscillator (LO) was -97.3 dBm and -90 dBm at the 33 GHz and 44 GHz path, respectively. Measurement was made at the 15 GHz IF output of band A (LO, 33 GHz) and the suppression characteristic obtained through the measurement was approximately 30 dBc.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제14권10호
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• pp.2343-2350
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• 2010

본 논문에서는 내장형 웹서버를 구현하여 원격지에서 실시간으로 소비전력 및 대기전력을 감시하고 제어할 수 있는 새로운 스마트 스위치를 제안하였다. 제안한 스위치는 상용화된 스마트 미터 제품과 같이 전력을 측정하고, 유. 무선 통신을 통하여 원격지에서 실시간으로 소비전력을 모니터링하고 각 스위치를 온/오프 할 수 있다. 또한, 기존의 절전형 콘덴서와 멀티 탭의 기능인 대기전력, 과전류 및 과부하에 대한 자동 차단 기능을 모두 갖는다. 본 논문에서 설계한 스마트 스위치는 원격 제어 및 모니터링을 위하여 PC를 이용하지 않고 전용의 내장형 웹서버를 구현함으로서 기존의 제품들보다 하드웨어 및 전력소비가 적으며 소형화된 단일제품으로 상용화가 가능하다.

• 정보처리학회논문지C
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• 제11C권2호
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• pp.219-228
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• 2004

무선LAN(wireless Local Area Network)이란 옥내 또는 옥외 환경에서 무선으로 네트워크 환경을 구축하는 것을 말하며, 기술적인 측면에서는 허브(Hub)에서 PC(Personal Computer), 노트북PC, PDA 등 클라이언트까지 유선 대신 전파나 빛을 이용하여 네트워크를 구축하는 방식을 말한다. 현재, IEEE 802.11 WG(Working Group) 중에는 AP(Access Point)간의 표준화된 프로토콜을 개발하는 TGf(Task Group F)가 있다. 이 그룹에서는 서로 다른 제조업체에서 생산한 AP 간의 상호연동을 보장하기 위한 IAPP(Inter Access Point Protocol)를 제안하였는데, 이는 동일 서브네트워크 내의 서로 다른 AP간에 이동성을 보장하기 위한 프로토콜로, STA(Station)들이 이동할 때 재인증 과정을 거치지 않고 AP간의 Security Context 정보나 Layer 2 forwarding 정보를 공유함으로서 STA간의 seamless 연결성을 제공한다. 본 논문에서는 위의 AP간 메시지 전달 시 발생할 수 있는 보안성이 요구되는 iapp-move 요청, 응답 메시지를 이미 사용되고 있는 인증된 경로를 통해 전달함으로써 WEP키 등의 보안성이 요구되는 정보의 유출을 막고, 무선구간의 보안성을 제공하기 위해 공개키를 이용한 방안을 제시하고자 한다.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제62권8호
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• pp.1184-1191
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• 2013

Probability of ignition due to arc-fault and energy of the arc-fault for the case of applying serial arc-fault interruption time of 120 V defined in UL 1699 to the voltage of 220 V of domestic condition and also for the case of applying it to the HIV wire type are analyzed. It has been confirmed that when the arc-fault occurs under 5 A, 10 A, and 20 A. Probability of ignition for the three different current conditions is 0.74(74%), 0.48(48%), and 0.32(32%) respectively for respective interruption time within 1 sec, 0.4 sec, and 0.2 sec. We discover that when we apply the same arc interruption time for 120 V defined in UL 1699 to the domestic environment of 220 V. The probability of ignition increases from 1.5% for 120 V condition to as much as 74% for 220 V condition. Conclusively, if we apply the standard for the serial arc-fault interruption time defined in UL 1699 for 120 V to the domestic condition of 220 V, the fire prevention effect of electric fire due to arc-fault equal to that of UL standard of 120 V can not be achieved.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.32-43
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• 2014

This paper presents the intra capacitance modeling according to the winding method, section bobbin and coil structure for hybrid choke coil capable of the EMI attenuation of broad bands from lower frequency bands to higher frequency bands and high frequency type common-mode choke coil capable of the EMI attenuation of high frequency band used in the EMI Block of LED-TV SMPS. In case of high frequency type CM choke coil, it can be explained the parasitic capacitance of A type and section bobbin type winding methods among them is much smaller than the other. The first resonant frequency of the proposed CM choke coil tends to increase as the parasitic capacitance becomes small and its impedance characteristics also show improved performance as the first resonant frequency increases. In case of hybrid choke coil using rectangular copper wire, it has investigated its parasitic capacitance compared to CM choke coil of conventional toroidal type becomes small. Also it has confirmed through the experiment results that CE margin and RE margin in frequency bands 0.5MHz to 5MHz and 30MHz to 200MHz are respectively 10dB and 15dB greater than that of conventional type in case of one stage EMI filter structure adopting hybrid choke coil compared to two stage EMI Filter structure using two of each CM choke coil used in the lower and higher frequency bands or two of CM choke coil used in only the lower frequency bands. In the future, the hybrid choke coil and CM choke coil of high frequency type show it can be practically used in not only LED/LCD-TV SMPS but also several applications such as LED Lighting, Laptop Adapter, Server Power Supply and so on.

• 한국의상디자인학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.117-136
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to analyze changes in high-tech fashion along with the types and characteristics of high-tech fashion that have appeared recently providing diverse material for the fashion field. High-tech fashion requires such research to learn how much distance one has in one's life. It is also meaningful to predict what direction high-tech fashion research may be needed. For research methods, previous research and literary studies were considered and photographs in which high-tech techniques were used were collected using the keyword 'high-tech fashion'. High-tech fashion types can be organized into the four types of luminescent types, mutual interaction types, 3D printing fashion, and virtual fashion. The research results were as follows. First, luminescent fashion was an important expression method of high-tech fashion. Materials for luminescent fashion first started with LED electric wire connections and many methods have been attempted with the appearance of electrically conductive clothing material, such as luminescent lasers and beam projectors. Second, interactive high-tech fashion often appears as variable fashion. The work of Hussein Chalayan, which was combined with advanced technology, set up a base for variable type interactive high-tech fashion in the 2000s. As bioengineering technology has developed, fashion that interacts with the environment without an energy source has appeared and the interaction among fashion, people, and the environment can be seen. Third, diverse forms of expressiveness in virtual reality such as 3D CLO shows a great difference with past high-tech fashion. Simple and diverse attempts made through virtual fittings reduce the limitations of time and space, permit interaction, and add a sense of reality through speed and dynamic physical beauty. Fourth, 3D printed fashion expresses complex and detailed clothing material that is different from those before with the development of computer 3D modeling technology. Modeling that can imitate geometric and bio-engineered structures is possible and mysterious feelings are passed on to people through creative expressions.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제39권5호
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• pp.536-541
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• 2015

Copper has been used extensively as an electric wire or as a base material in various types of machineries owing to its good electrical and thermal conductivity and good fabricating property, as well as its good corrosion resistance compared to iron. Furthermore, the copper-nickel alloy has significant corrosion resistance in severely corrosive environments. Although, cupro-nickel alloy shows better corrosion resistance than the brass and bronze series, this alloy also corroded in severely corrosive environments, including aggressive chloride ions, dissolved oxygen, and condition of fast flowing seawater. In this study, and annealing treatment at various annealing temperatures was carried out on the cupro-nickel (Cu-10%Ni) alloy, and the effects of annealing were investigated using electrochemical methods, such as measuring the polarization and impedance behaviors under flowing seawater conditions. The corrosion resistance increased by annealing compared to non heat treatment in the absence of flowing seawater. In particular, the sample annealed at $200^{\circ}C$ exhibited the best corrosion resistance. The impedance in the presence of flowing seawater showed higher values than in the absence of flowing seawater. Furthermore, the highest impedances was observed in the sample annealed at $800^{\circ}C$, irrespective of the present of flowing seawater. Consequently, the corrosion resistance of cupro-nickel (Cu-10%Ni) alloy in a severely corrosive environment can be improved somewhat by annealing.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.238-244
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• 1988

This study was conducted to investigate the causes of burn and emergency cares taken on the spot for the burn patient. Study population included 161 burn patients admitted to 2 university hospitals and 1 general hospital in Taegu from November 1, 1987 to April 30, 1988. Patients or guardians were interviewed with a structured questionnare. Out of 161 burn patients 111(68.9%)were males and 50(31.1%) females. Preschool children of 1-4 years old accounted for 29.8% of the total patients. Burns of children under 15 years of age took place at home in 91.0%, while 48.3% of burns of adult (15 years and over)males occurred at the working place, and 68.0% of adult females occurred at the home. Out of total burns occurred at home 39.8% took place at kitchen/dining room and 24.1% in the room. The most common cause of burns in children was the boiling water or hot food (74.3%). In adults the common causes were electrical burn(22.4%), hot water or food(19.0%) and explosion(12.1%) for males, and hot water or food(32.0%) and explosion (20.0%) for females. Common emergency cares for the burn taken on the spot were undressing(64.6%), pouring Soju(liquor)(13.7%), and pouring cold water(5.0%). There were a few cases who applied ash, soy or salt. To prevent burn, it is recommended to remodel the traditional kitchen and coal-briquet hole, to strengthen the safety control of LP Gas and LN Gas supply, to educate the public for the handling method for such gases, to strengthen the occupational safety control, to improve the safety device for the electric wire and socket, and to limit the temperature of hot water at home and public baths.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제22권8호
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• pp.790-796
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• 2011

HEMP(High-Altitude Electromagnetic Pulse, 고 고도 전자기 펄스) 신호는 매우 큰 전계 값과 매우 빠른 상승시간 등으로 인해 그 영향 범위 안에 노출되어 있는 시스템은 심각한 손상을 입을 수도 있다. HEMP로부터 시스템을 적절하게 방호하기 위해서는 방호 설계 사양 도출 이전에 시스템의 개구면이나 케이블에 대한 전자기 결합 신호 해석이 먼저 수행되어야 한다. 본 논문에서는 RF 또는 비디오 신호 등을 전송하기 위해 사용되는 동축 케이블에 대한 HEMP 결합 신호를 해석하였고, 차폐선에 대한 HEMP 감소 효과를 확인하기 위해 단일 도선과 동축 케이블 내부 도선에 대한 결합 신호를 비교하였다. 동축 케이블은 차폐선의 외부 영역과 내부 영역으로 각각 분리되어 해석되었으며, 차폐선 표면 위의 전류 계산을 위해 동축 케이블 외부 영역에는 일반화 된 산란방정식을 적용하였고, 동축 케이블 내부 영역에는 Chain Matrix 알고리즘을 적용하였다. 본 논문의 해석 결과를 검증하기 위해 기존 논문의 결과 데이터와 비교하였고, 두 결과가 비슷한 경향을 나타내었다.