• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제53권5호
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• pp.1051-1066
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• 2015

The study aims on the effect of material dependency in elastic- plastic contact models by contact analysis of sphere and flat contact model and wheel rail contact model by considering the material properties without friction. The various materials are selected for the analysis based on Young's modulus and yield strength ratio (E/Y). The simulation software 'ANSYS' is employed for this study. The sphere and flat contact model is considered as a flattening model, the stress and strain for different materials are estimated. The simulation of wheel-rail contact model is also performed and the results are compared with the flattening model. The comparative study has also been extended for finding out the mean contact pressure for different materials the E/Y values between 150 and 660. The results show that the elastic-plastic contact analysis for materials up to E/Y=296.6 is depend on the nature of material properties and also for this material the mean contact pressure to yield strength reaches 2.65.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.253-260
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• 2018

Recently, the application of non-steel materials in ships and offshore plants is increasing because of the development of various nonlinear materials and the improvement of performance. Especially, hyper-elastic materials, which have a nonlinear stress-strain relationship, are used mainly in marine plant structures or ships where impact relaxation, vibration suppression, and elasticity are required, while elasticity must be maintained, even under high strain conditions. In order to simulate and evaluate the behavior of the hyperelastic material, it is very important to select an appropriate material model according to the strain of the material. This study focused on the selection of material models for hyperelastic materials, such as rubber used in the marine and offshore fields. Tension and compression tests and finite element simulations were conducted to compare the accuracy of the nonlinear material models due to variations in the stretch ratio of hyper-elastic material. Material coefficients of nonlinear material models are determined based on the curve fitting of experimental data. The results of this study can be used to improve the reliability of nonlinear material models according to stretch ratio variation.

• Composites Research
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.59-67
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• 1999

보강섬유의 굴곡을 가지는 일방향성 graphite/epoxy 복합재료의 비선형거동에 대하여 이론 및 실험을 통하여 고찰하였다. 해석모델에서 공액에너지밀도와 순차적 해석방법을 이용하여 보강섬유의 굴곡에 의한 재료적 비선형 특성 및 기하학적 비선형 특성을 모두 고려하였으며, 이를 이용하여 보강섬유의 굴곡정도에 따른 복합재료의 기계적 특성값의 변화 및 인장/압축 거동을 일정한 보강섬유의 굴곡을 가지는 모델, 재료의 중심에서 바깥쪽으로 갈수록 보강섬유의 굴곡이 점차 줄어드는 모델 그리고 재료의 일부분에만 보강섬유의 굴곡이 존재하는 모델에 대하여 예측하였다. 그리고 여러 굴곡 정도에 대한 일정한 보강섬유의 굴곡을 가지는 두꺼운 복합재료를 제작하고 인장/압축 실험을 수행하여 그 결과와 예측 결과를 비교하였다. 실험 결과는 예측 결과와 잘 일치하였으며, 보강섬유의 굴곡이 복합재료의 기계적 특성에 큰 영향을 미침을 알 수 있었다.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.181-187
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• 1989

The mechanical and rheological properties of agricultural materials which influence the machine design or handling are not completely understood. Agricultural materials do not react in a purely elastic manner, and their responses when subjected to stress and strain appear a combination of elastic and viscous behavior. Many researchers have studied the mechanical and rheological properties of the various agricultural materials, but those properties are available mostly for foreign varieties of agricultural products. Rheological properties of rice seedlings become important to formulate the principles governing their mechanical behavior. The objectives of this study were to experimentally determine the creep and recovery behavior of rice seedlings of one japonica-type and one Indica x japonica hybrid in the transplanting age. The results of this study are summarized as follows; 1. The compression creep and recovery behavior of mat-type seedlings could be described by 4-element Burger's model. 2. The steady-state creep appeared at the stress larger than 0.8 MPa and the logarithmic creep appeared at the stress smaller than 0.8 MPa. 3. In the compression creep test of the rice seedlings, the instantaneous elastic modulus of Burger's model showed the range from 20 to 40 MPa. The higher value of absolute viscosity for the rice seedling explained that the rice seedlings were viscoelastic materials. 4. In the recovery test of the rice seedlings, there was a tendency that the higher permanent strain of all samples was observed under the smaller stress being appeared, and the larger permanent strain in Dongjin was observed than in Samkang.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.519-533
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• 2016

Objective: This study lays its aims at the definition of relevant operation method and function by researching on the value to be brought when applying smart device that can hand carry soft and flexible materials like jelly. Background: New technology and material play a role in bringing type transformation of interface and change of operation system. Recently, importance has been increased on the study of Organic User Interface (OUI) that conducts research on the value of new method of input and output adopting soft and flexible materials for various instruments. Method: For fulfillment of the study, 27 kinds of gestures have been defined that are usable in handheld device based on existing studies. Quantitative research of survey was conducted of adult male and female of 20s through 30s and an analysis was done on the function that can be linked to gestures with highest level of satisfaction. In order to analyze needs and hurdles of users for the defined gesture, a focus group interview was conducted aiming at the groups of early adopters and ordinary users. Results: As a result, it was found that users have much value regarding usability and fun for elastic device and analysis could be conducted on preferred gesture and its linkable functions. Conclusion: What is most significant with this study is that it sheds new light on the values of a device made of elastic material. Beyond finding and defining the gestures and functions that can be applied to a handheld elastic device, the present study identified the value elements of an elastic device - 'usability and 'fun' -, which users can basically desire from using it. Application: The data that this study brought forth through preference and satisfaction test with the gestures and associated functions will help commercialize an elastic device in future.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.52-60
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• 2006

Environment-friendly shock-absorbing materials were made of wastepaper such as Korean old corrugated containers(KOCC) and Korean old newsprint (KONP) with a vacuum forming method. The plate-like cushioning materials made of KOCC and KONP respectively by vacuum forming showed superior shock-absorbing properties with lower elastic moduli compared to expanded polystyrene (EPS) and pulp mold. Even though the plate-like materials had many free voids in their fiber structure, their apparent densities (${\approx}0.1g/cm^3$) were a little higher than that of EPS (${\approx}0.03g/cm^3$) and much lower than that of pulp mold(${\approx}0.3g/cm^3$). However, the elastic moduli of the cushioning materials made of wastepaper were much lower than that of EPS or pulp mold. This finding implies that the cushioning materials made of KOCC fibers containing more lignin than KONP show better shock-absorbing properties than KONP. Moreover, the cushioning materials made of KOCC and KONP respectively showed greater porosity than pulp mold. The addition of cationic starch to the cushioning materials contributed to the increase in the elastic modulus to the same level as that of EPS. Furthermore, the deterioration in fiber quality by repeated use of wastepaper played a positive role in improving shock-absorbing ability.

• 마이크로전자및패키징학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.91-98
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• 2015

신축성 전자패키징에 응용하기 위해 강성도가 서로 다른 polydimethylsiloxane 탄성고분자인 Sylgard 184와 Dragon Skin 10을 사용하여 섬(island) 구조가 삽입된 강성도 국부변환 신축성 기판을 형성한 후, 강성도 국부변환부의 폭에 따른 기판의 탄성계수를 분석하였다. 기판 기지로는 탄성계수가 0.09 MPa인 Dragon Skin 10을 사용하였으며, 기판 기지 내에 삽입되는 강성도 국부변환부는 탄성계수가 2.15 MPa인 Sylgard 184로 형성하였다. 신축성 기판의 형상은 길이 6.5 cm, 두께 0.4 cm, 폭 2.5 cm이었으며, 중앙부에 길이 4 cm, 두께 0.2 cm, 폭 0.5~1.5 cm인 강성도 국부변환부를 삽입하였다. 폭 0.5 cm의 Sylgard 184를 Dragon Skin 10에 삽입함에 따라 기판의 탄성계수가 0.09 MPa에서 0.16 MPa로 증가하였다. Sylgard 184의 폭을 1.0 cm 및 1.5 cm으로 증가시킴에 따라 기판의 탄성계수가 0.18 MPa와 0.2 MPa로 증가하였으며, Sylgard 184 강성도 국부변환부의 폭에 따른 기판 탄성계수의 변화는 등변형률의 Voigt 구조와 등응력의 Reuss 구조를 조합하여 예측한 값과 잘 일치하였다.

• International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.175-183
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• 2016

A poroelastic composite material, containing different material phases and filled with fluids, serves as a model to formulate the overall ablative behaviors of such materials. This article deals with the assessment of variation in nondeterministic poroelastic properties of two-phase composite materials using micromechanical representative volume element (RVE) models. Considering the configuration and arrangement of pores in a matrix phase, various RVEs are modeled and analyzed according to their porosity. In order to quantitatively investigate the effects of microstructure, changes in effective elastic moduli and poroelastic parameters are measured via finite element (FE) analysis. The poroelastic parameters are calculated from the effective elastic moduli and the pore-pressure-induced strains. The reliability of the numerical results is verified through image-based FE models with the actual shape of pores in carbon-phenolic ablative materials. Additionally, the variation of strain energy density is measured, which can possibly be used to evaluate microstress concentrations.

• 한국공작기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국공작기계학회 2005년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.264-271
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• 2005

This study investigates the behavior of fatigue crack propagating between holes or holes filled with another materials. When holes or the holes bonded with another materials exist near center crack symmetrically, crack propagation rate is influenced by the bonding force of brazing part and the elastic modulus ratio of another material to matrix. It is experimentally and analytically confirmed that the center crack stops when its tip reaches near the center line of the holes and a small crack is initiated from the boundaries of holes or the holes filled with another materials and it propagates to final fracture. The mechanical behaviors of center crack near another materials are also investigated.

• 한국공작기계학회논문집
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.74-82
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• 2005

This study investigates the behavior of fatigue crack propagating between holes or holes filled with another materials. When holes or the holes bonded with another materials exist near center crack symmetrically, crack propagation rate is influenced by the bonding force of brazing part and the elastic modulus ratio of another material to matrix. It is experimentally and analytically confirmed that the center crack stops when its tip reaches near the center line of the holes and a small crack is initiated from the boundaries of holes or the holes filled with another materials and it propagates to final fracture. The mechanical behaviors of center crack near another materials are also investigated.