• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.73-78
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• 2012

Excessive intake of trans fats is known to be a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Previously, we have shown that green tea extract (GTE) lowers the intestinal absorption of lipids and lipid-soluble compounds in rats. This study was conducted to investigate a possible role of GTE on the lymphatic absorption of elaidic acid, a major trans fat in the diet. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats with lymph duct cannula were infused via an intraduodenal catheter at 3.0 mL/hr for 8 hr with a lipid emulsion containing $180.0{\mu}mol$ elaidic acid, $400.0{\mu}mol$ triolein, $20.7{\mu}mol$ cholesterol, $3.1{\mu}mol$ ${\alpha}$-tocopherol, and $396.0{\mu}mol$ sodium-taurocholate with or without (control) GTE in a 24 mL PBS buffer (pH, 6.4). Simultaneously, lymph was collected hourly for 8 hr via the lymph duct cannula. There was a significant difference in lymph flow by GTE. Also, the lymphatic absorption of elaidic acid for 8 hr was significantly lower in rats infused with GTE than in those not infused with GTE. Similarly, GTE infusion decreased the lymphatic outputs of cholesterol, oleic acid, and phospholipids, compared with the controls. These findings provide clear evidence that GTE has an inhibitory effect on the intestinal absorption of elaidic acid and other lipids. Our work here provides the foundation for further studies to examine and evaluate dietary strategies to ameliorate dietary trans fats from the diet.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.45-51
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• 1991

In this study, several standard fatty acids were analyzed by three analysis instruments. And also, for the two kinds of soybean oils, fatty acids compositions were determined by three instruments. The results were obtained as follows: 1. In the case of Gas Chromatography (GC), standard fatty acids (Myristic, Stearic, Linoleic, Linolenic, Arachidonic acid) were determined with high reproducibility, but oleic acid/elaidic acid were not seperated. By Capillary Gas Chromatography (CGC), most of standard fatty acids were determined with very high reproducibility than saturated fatty acids, and palmitic acid/oleic acid were not seperated. 2. In the analytical ability of cis-trans fatty acids isomer (oleic acid/elaidic acid), CGC was shown better analytical ability of geometrical isomer than HPLC. Oleic acid/elaidic acid were not seperated by packed column (15% DEGS). The rquire time for standard fatty acids analysis was as follows; GC, 7.21 min., CGC, 9.84 min., HPLC, 24.48 min. 3. The major compositions of fatty acids of each soybean oil (CSOY; refined, DSOY; unrefined) by GC and CGC were linoleic acid, oleic acid, palmitic acid, linolenic acid and stearic acid. But in the case of HPLC, palmitic acid/oleic acid were not seperated. Analytical ability of three instruments on fatty acids composition in each soybean oil was same trend as in the standard fatty acids mixture.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.156-160
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• 2005

We studied the effect of SMP (solid matrix priming) treatment, seed pretreatment for germination enhancement, to tobacco seeds by measurement of germination rate and contents of fatty acid, energy source for tobacco germination. The results were as follows. In result of germination test, germinative ability was the highest in KF109 at nine day treatment and in KB108 at seven day treatment. The composition of fatty acid in tobacco seed confirmed by gas chromatography were palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid+elaidic acid, linoleic acid+linole­laidic acid, and $\alpha-linolenic$ acid. Palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid and elaidic acid, and linoleic acid and linole-laidic acid were highest in KF109 at eight or nine day treatment and in KB108 at six or seven day treatment. Especially, content of oleic acid + elaidic acid, and linoleic acid+linolelaidic acid were changed largely by treatment, so these might be used for index to examine treatment effect.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.212-221
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• 2008

In order to investigate the information for effective detection and developing of latent fingerprints, we identified fatty acids composition of latent fingerprints on non-porous evidence surface and the chemical changes of latent fingerprint residue after print deposition during 7 months. Fingerprints from eight Korean male donors (aged 29-50 years) and one female donor (aged 36 years) were collected. All fingerprints were found to contain lauric acid (C12:0), myristic acid (C14:0), palmitic acid (C16:0), stearic acid (C18:0), elaidic acid (C18:1n9t), oleic acid (C18:1n9c), linoleic acid (C18:2n6c), arachidic acid (C20:0), linolenic acid (C18:3n3), erucic acid (C22:1n9) and docosadienoic acid (C22:2) and primarily palmitic acid (35.45-48.37%), oleic acid (14.84-28.49%), stearic acid (9.71-24.96%) and linoleic acid (7.68-18.8%) occupied 75% of total fatty acids. When the fingerprints were deposited at dark room for 7 months, total fatty acids components decreased about 12-25%. It can be explained that significant degradation of long-chain fatty acids such as elaidic acid (C18:1n9t), arachidic acid (C20:0), linolenic acid (C18:3n3), erucic acid (C22:1n9), and docosadienoic acid (C22:2) resulted in the generation of myristic acid (C14:0), myristoleic acid (C14:1) and pentadecanoic acid (C15:0).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.399-405
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• 1996

The effects of stearic(18 : 0, SA), oleic(18 : 1 cis, OA) and elaidic acid(18 : 1 trans, EA) on the cell growth, contents of cellular lipids, and the fatty acid composition of cellular and medium lipids in Hep-G$_2$cells were evaluated. The cells were incubated in serum-free medium containing 25, 50, 100 and 200$\mu$M of a fatty acid combined with albumin for 2 days. The fatty acid concentration up to 100$\mu$M showed the normal growth, but the cell growth decreased in the presence of 200$\mu$M fatty acid. The treatment of cells with 100$\mu$M of a fatty acid for two days significantly(p<0.05) increased the cellular triglyceride(TG) content in all fatty acid groups compared to control, but TG contents was not significantly different among all treatment group, but total cholesterol(TC) was the highest level in EA group. The level of free cholesterol(FC) and cholesteryl ester(CE) was similar to those of TC in all fatty acid treated group. The cellular phospholipid(PL) contents were similar between the control and all fatty acid groups. The treatment of cells with SA has no notable effects on the fatty acid composition of TG, CE and PL. The OA treatment caused significant increases in CE(51.2%) and PL(29.8%), but not in TG. The EA treatment resulted in 10.1, 10.7 and 7.8% of $C_{18:1\;trans}$ content in cellular TG, CE, and PL. The TG, CE and PL of medium were relatively similar between SA and OA groups. In EA treated group, TG, CE and PL of medium contained 17.0%, 0.7% and 5.6% of $C_{18:1\;trans}$, respectively.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.25-36
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• 2009

Trans fatty acids (TFAs), especially elaidic acid, formed during partial hydrogenation of vegetable oils have been shown to increase LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) and decrease HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C), thereby increasing the LDL-C/HDL-C ratio and elevating the risk of cardiovascular disease. However, studies on the health effects of ruminant TFAs have suggested that these TFAs, which are primarily vaccenic acids, have no or inverse association with coronary heart disease. Thus, dietary recommendations or legislation for TFAs should consider the differences in the physiological effects of TFAs derived from various food sources. This present review recapitulates the progress in TFA research by analyzing recent epidemiological studies or intervention studies and comparing the cardiovascular health effects of industrially produced TFA and ruminant TFA.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.32 no.10
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• pp.3775-3778
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• 2011

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.783-788
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• 2016

Excessive intake of trans fats is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Previously, we showed that green tea extract lowers intestinal absorption of cholesterol and elaidic acid in rats. This study was conducted to investigate a possible role for sorghum extract on lymphatic absorption of trans fat and cholesterol in rats. Adult male rats with lymph cannulae were infused at a rate of 3.0 mL/h for 8 h via a duodenal catheter with a lipid emulsion containing $146.4{\mu}mol$ of trielaidin, $36.8{\mu}mol$ of trilinoelaidin, $452.0{\mu}mol$ of triolein, $1.0{\mu}Ci$ cholesterol labeled with $^{14}C$ ($^{14}C-cholesterol$), $20.7{\mu}mol$ of cholesterol, and $396.0{\mu}mol$ of Na-taurocholate without or with 100.0 mg of sorghum extract in phosphate-buffered saline buffer (pH 6.4). Lymph was collected hourly for 8 h. No significant difference was noted in lymph flow. However, the lymphatic absorption of elaidic acid and linoelaidic acid for 8 h was significantly lower in rats infused with sorghum extract than in those infused with no sorghum extract. Further, lymphatic absorption of $^{14}C-cholesterol$ was reduced by sorghum extract, which was observed previously. These data indicate that sorghum extract has an inhibitory effect on the intestinal absorption of trans fat and cholesterol. The mechanism(s) by which sorghum extract lowers intestinal absorption of trans fat warrants further study.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.765-766
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• 2000

Cerebrosides were isolated from soybean, deunjang and chungkukjang and their constituents were investigated. The principal fatty acid of soybean cerebroside was 2-hydroxy-palmitic acid but chungkukjang cerebroside consisted palmitic acid, elaidic acid(trans 18:1), oleic acid and stearic acid. The only sugar in cerebrosides was glucose. TLC analysis of cerebroside hydrolysate elucidated soybean and chungkukjang had same sphingold bases, mainly dihydroxy bases, trans-4, trans-sphingadienine. But, alkali stable glycolipid fractions of chungkukjang and deunjang had $2{\sim}3$ different primary amines.

• Journal of Marine Bioscience and Biotechnology
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• v.1 no.3
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• pp.206-212
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• 2006

Supercritical carbon dioxide ($SCO_2$) extraction was investigated as a method for protein-sourcing material from squid viscera. To find the optimum conditions, the extraction of squid viscera using $SCO_2$ was performed under the conditions of temperature range from 35 to $45^{\circ}C$ and constant pressure 25 MPa using Hewlett-Packard 7680T. Also from result of SDS-PAGE, the protein denaturation was minimized when using $SCO_2$ extraction. And the major amino acids in the squid viscera were glutamic acid, aspartic acid, lysine, leucine, arginine, alanine, glycine, isoleucine, and valine. The main fatty acids from squid viscera were myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, heneicosanoic acid, palmitoleic acid, elaidic acid, oleic acid, eicosenoic acid, EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid), and DHA (docosahexaenoic acid).