• Title/Summary/Keyword: eight constitution

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Gene Constitution of Egg White Proteins of Native Chicken in Asian Countries

  • Kinoshita, K.;Okamoto, S.;Shimogiri, T.;Kawabe, K.;Nishida, T.;Kakizawa, R.;Yamamoto, Y.;Maeda, Y.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • v.15 no.2
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    • pp.157-165
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    • 2002
  • Genetic variations of seven egg white protein loci in 1,112 samples from eight Asian countries (Yunnan province of China, Mongolia, Nepal, Vietnam, Laos, Thailand, Myanmar, Indonesia) and 360 samples from two improved breeds (Isa Brown, Boris Brown) were investigated by using starch gel and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Five egg white protein loci (Ov, $G_3$, $G_2$, $G_1$ and $Tf_{EW}$) were found to be polymorphic in Asian native chicken populations. The proportion of polymorphic loci ($P_{poly}$) and average heterozygosity ($\bar{H}$) of Asian native populations varied from 0.143 to 0.714 and 0.014 to 0.225, respectively, and were higher than those of improved breeds. The subdivision index ($G_{ST}$) value among 18 native chicken populations in Asia is lower (0.0827) than among improved chicken populations (0.1693). This value means that the degree of subdivision among Asian native populations is lower than among improved breeds and gene constitutions among populations in Asia are similar.

Study on the Sex Chromosome Dependent Segregation of the Third Chromosome in Drosophila melanogaster (초파리의 성 옆색체의 구성이 제 3옆색체의 분리에 미치는 영향에 대하여)

  • Kang, M.J.;Kang, S.J.;Chung, Y.J.
    • The Korean Journal of Zoology
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    • v.13 no.1
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    • pp.15-20
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    • 1970
  • The present study was undertaken in an attempt to see if the segregation frequency of a third chromosome was changed by changing the sex chromosome which were free of SD in the second chromosome. The eight genotype males having different sex chromosome constitution each were constructed by appropriate matings and the two standard laboratory stocks of Drosophila melanogaster, e and se were used as the third chromosome recessive markers for the present experiment. The results of the present investigation are given below: 1. The k values which are the proportion of the se third chromosomes recovered among progeny flies from the mating of se/e males to e females were highly signiicantly different among the four genotypes and between the two sexes,and the interaction of genotype and sex was significantly different. Thus the setregation frequency of the se third chromosome in the male, when made heterozygous with the e third chromosome, was dependent upon the sex chromosome constitution. 2. Both of the k(Woman) and the k(man) remains roughly constant among genotypes. 3. The sex ratio o the se progeny class was highly significantly heterogeneous among the four genotypes but it was homogeneous for the e progeny class. 4. The values of the k(man) and the sex ratio of the se progeny class, on the average, were higher than that of the k(Woman) and of the e progeny class, respectively. 5. Those phenomena suggest that some sort of prezygotic selection could be operating such that the combination of the e third chromosome and the Y chromosome tends to be eliminated before fertilization. This tendency argues for a re-examination of the viability estimations of Drosophila melanogaster.

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Analysis of Genetic Characteristics by Biochemical Genetic Markers in Korean Native Chicken (생화학적 유전표지인자에 의한 한국재래닭의 유전특성 분석)

  • 이학교;정호영;한재용;정의룡
    • Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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    • v.23 no.3
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    • pp.135-144
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    • 1996
  • This study was carried out to clarify the genetic constitution of biochemical polymorphic loci controlling blood protein and enzymes as genetic rnarkers in Korean native chicken(KNG) population Blood samples were collected from 230 KNG representing three colored-lines(reddish-, yellowish- and blackish- brown) raised in Daejeon branch of National Livestock Research Institute. Eight blood marker loci, transferrin(Tf), post-albumin(Pas), albumin(Alb), amylase-1(Arny-1), es-terase-1(Es-1), alkaline phosphatase(Akp), catalase(Cat) and hemoglobin(Hh) were analyzed by using starch, agarose and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Based on the gene frequencies of polymorphic marker loci, the genetic characteristics of KNF population was analyzed, and the genetic ariability within population was quantified. The genetic relationships between KNC and other native fowls or improved breeds were also estimated. The gene frequencies of Tf, Pas and AIb loci were similar to those of improved breeds among the seven biochemical polymorphic loci, while gene frequencies of Cat and Es-i loci were remarkably different between KNC and improved breeds. Gene frequencies of amy-i and Akp loci were similar to those of New Hampshire and Rhode Island Red and White Leghorn, respectively. However in comparison with other improved breeds, great differences were observed in gene frequencies of these loci The average heterozygosity, effective number of alleles and homogeneity index for the seven loci combined were estimated to be .334, 1.639 and .373, respectively. Based on the dendrogram and genetic distances, the KNC was genetically closer to New Hampshire, Plymouth Rock and Rhode Island Red breeds than to the White Leghorn breed.

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Study about Ki-blood and Blood-Ki in Hyungsang Medicine (기혈과 혈기에 대한 형상의학적 고찰)

  • Lee, Yong-Tae;Cho, Jang-Soo
    • Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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    • v.19 no.4
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    • pp.884-892
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    • 2005
  • Seeing through the reference of literatures ${\ll}$Internal Classic${\gg}$, ${\ll}$Donguibogam${\gg}$ and Master Jisan's theory about Ki-Hyul and Hyul-Ki, the writer came to conclusions as follows. In ${\ll}$Internal Classic${\gg}$ Ki-Hyul is expressed into being orderly and ordinate, but Hyul-Ki is described differently into making Hyul-Ki or operating Hyul-Ki. In ${\ll}$Donguibogam${\gg}$ Ki-Hyul and Hyul-Ki are not distinguished between two things, but Ki-Hyul is mentioned as harmony of Ki-Hyul and Hyul-Ki, and Hyul-Ki as ascending and descending or as deficiency and excess. In Hyungsang medicine the special characters of Ki-Hyul is seized the essence of the meanings from the deflection between left and right, changes of skin, flesh, meridian, muscle and bones. And the distinctive marks of Hyul-Ki is got hold from changes of complexion, many or few hairs, ascending or descending spirits of ears, eyes, mouth and nose. Also Ki-Hyul is recognized by laying stress on rise and fall, after birth, breast, upper limbs, eight extra meridians. And Hyul-Ki is recognized by laying stress on going up and down, the inborn constitution, abdomen, lower limbs, and twelve meridians. Jisan distinguished Ki-Hyul from Hyul-Ki theoretically and he applied the theory to clinical examination proved the facts that the theory and the examination are in accord with each other. This attempts was for the first time in Oriental medicine history and the theory was set up. It is thought that the defects of the theory about Ki-Hyul and Hyul-Ki which Jisan insisted on need much more study from now on.

A Pilot Study on Reliability of Pulse Diagnosis in Eight-Constitution Medicine (팔체질의학 맥진의 신뢰성 연구)

  • Lee, Hyang-Sook;Lee, Yong-Bum;Shin, Yong-Sup;Kim, Hee-Ju;Seo, Jung-Chul;Lee, Joon-Moo;Lee, Hye-Jung;Choi, Sun-Mi
    • Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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    • v.22 no.4
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    • pp.1-8
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    • 2005
  • 배경 : 체질의학에서 진단의 중요성에도 불구하고 팔체질의학의 맥진의 신뢰성에 대한 과거 연구가 거의 없었다. 목적 : 본 예비연구는 팔체질의학의 맥진에 대한 진단자 간의 신뢰성 및 진단자 내의 신뢰성을 검사하기 위함이다. 재료 및 방법 : 팔체질의학을 이용한 진료 경력이 3년 내지 5년 되는 한의사 두 명이 실험에 참여하였다. 31명의 건강한 대학생들의 팔체질을 맥진을 통해 진단하고 그 결과를 확신도와 함께 각각 기록하도록 하였으며 이 중 5명은 각각 진단자로부터 3회씩 진단을 받도록 하였다. 그 결과를 분석하여 진단자 간의 신뢰성과 진단자 내의 신뢰성을 검사하였다. 아울러 진단에 대한 확신도와 결과와의 상관성이 있는지도 조사하였다. 대상자와 진단자는 서로를 알 수 없도록 가리개를 하고 실험을 진행하였다. 결과 : 진단자 간의 일치도는 35.7%였으며 카파 계수는 0.232로 보통 이하 수준인 것으로 나타났다. 진단자 내 일치도는 진단자 별로 각각 89%, 66.83%로 나타났다. 다만 두 진단자 사이의 결과가 일치하는 경우 불일치하는 경우보다 진단자의 확신도가 높은 것으로 드러났다 결론 : 본 연구에서는 팔체질의학의 맥진의 진단자 간, 진단자 내의 신뢰성이 비교적 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 이는 진단의 변수가 많고 진단자의 숙련도나 대표성의 문제 등 여러 가지 요소들로 인한 결과로 파악된다. 팔체질의학의 진단자 간, 진단자 내의 신뢰성에 대한 향후 연구가 절실히 요구된다.

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Phase Constitution of the Palladium and Tellurium System (팰래듐과 테루리움계의 상평형 연구)

  • ;G.Y.Chao, L.J.Cabri
    • Korean Journal of Crystallography
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    • v.1 no.2
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    • pp.66-75
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    • 1990
  • The Pd-Te system has been investigated by differential thermal analysis, X-ray diffration, electron probe microanalysis and reflected light microscopy. New phase relations in 0-50at% Te portion of the binary system are proposed. Eight binary phases exist in the system:Pd17Te4, Pd20Te7.PdsTe3, P477e3, P497e4, P637e2, PeTe and PaTe2. Of these, P677e3 is a newly reported phase. P4177e4 is cubic, space group Fd3c, with a=12.678(5)A. The X-ray powder data of PdsTe3, indexed on an orthorhombic cell, give a= 12.843(3), b=15.126(3), c: 11.304(2)A and those of PdTTe.1, indexed on a monoclinic cell, give a=7.444(1), b= 13.918(2) , c=8.873(2)A. p =92.46(2). Some physical and optical properties of synthetic phases in the system are also reported.

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The Agreement in Cold-Heat and Health Status among Sasang Constitutional Experts in Diagnosis of Sasang Pathological Symptoms (사상의학 병증진단에 있어서 사상의학 전문가의 한열 특성 및 건강상태 평가에 관한 일치도 연구)

  • Jin, Hee-Jeong;Kim, Sang-Hyuk;Dong, Sang-Oak;Jang, Eun-Su;Lee, Si-Woo
    • Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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    • v.26 no.2
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    • pp.146-155
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    • 2014
  • Objectives In Sasang Constitutional medicine(SCM), it is an important factor to assess the degree of cold/heat and healthy status. We purposed to check the agreement among the experts on the assessment of cold/heat and healthy status. Methods Six SCM experts and 10 healthy volunteers were recruited for this study. The SCM experts had an interviewed with each volunteer in the similar condition like that of the actual clinic. And then the expert evaluated each volunteer's cold/heat and healthy status. Intraclass correlation coefficient(ICC) was used to measure the interrater reliability and interrater agreement among the experts. Results Two volunteers are excluded due to the missing data, therefore eight persons' data (3 males and 5 females) were included in our analysis. The mean of age and BMI are 21.73(${\pm}2.32$) and 29.63(${\pm}4.66$), respectively. In health status, cold status and heat status, the ICC was 0.789, 0.904, 0.925, respectively. Conclusions We found that the assessment of cold/heat and healthy status was continued reliable among SCM experts. The assessment of cold/heat status was more consistent than the assessment of healthy status.

A comparative study on between Shanghanlun(傷寒論) and Sa-sang constitutional medicine(四象醫學) in Pathogenesis (상한론(傷寒論)과 사상의학(四象醫學)의 병기(病機)에 대한 비교연구(比較硏究) - 동의수세보원(東醫壽世保元) 변증론(辨證論)을 중심(中心)으로 -)

  • Lee, Kwang-Young;Park, Chan-Kuk
    • Journal of Korean Medical classics
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    • v.11 no.1
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    • pp.676-718
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    • 1998
  • After a comparative study on between Shanghanlun(傷寒論) and Sa-sang constitutional medicine(四象醫學) in Pathogenesis, I got a conclusion like this. Sa-sang consitutional medicine(四象醫學) changed the directions to the medicine in the center of personality from the medicine in the center of Shanghanlun(傷寒論)'s demonstration, devided the personality of people by the size of Organ system(臟腑) into 4types of Tae-eum, Yo-yang, Tae-yang, Yo-eum(太少陰陽), and explains all the course of physiology, pathology, diagnosis, therapy of the body on the point of constitutional view. Comparing the features of two medicines, Shanghanlun(傷寒論) and Sa-sang constitutional medicine(四象醫學), Shanghanlun(傷寒論) devided the diseases into the three type of eum-yang based on eight principal syndroms(八綱原理), in accordance with evidence of illness, pulse and studied the therapy, Shanghanlun(傷寒論) set up the basis of medicine which is based on overall of symptoms and signg(辨證論治醫學). Sa-sang constitutional medicine(四象醫學) distinguished the image(象) which is devided by the size of inherited Organ system(臟腑), refered to the symptom of diseases(病症) and decided the therapic directions. So Sa-sang constitutional medicine(四象醫學) gave more accuracy to the therapy by subdeviding the process of differenciation of case(辨證) into 2 steps of differenciation of image(辨象) and differenciation of case(辨證). In view of etiologic factor, Shanghanlun(傷寒論) regarded it as a invading of pathogenic factors(邪氣), so Shanghanlun(傷寒論) has the medical theory of pathogenic factors(邪氣). But Sa-sang constitutional medicine(四象醫學) regarded it as a disorder of the genuine energy(正氣)'s movements(升降緩速), so Sa-sang constitutional medicine(四象醫學) has the medical theory putting first of genuine energy(正氣). But Shanghanlun(傷寒論) also recognized the constitutional difference basically and Sa-sang consitutional medicine(四象醫學) devided the constitution into Tae-eum, Yo-yang, Tae-yang, Yo-eum(太少陰陽) and explained the food-air-fluid metabolism(飮食-氣液之氣病證) as cold-hot, cool-warm and devided the the symptom of diseases(病症) into the interior and the exterior(表裏) as the up-down, slow-fast movements of eum-yang and insufficiency and excessiveness is between them. In the end, Sa-sang constitutional medicine(四象醫學) has the theory of eight principal syndroms(八綱原理) faithfully which is the theory of differenciation of case(辨證理論) of Shanghanlun(傷寒論). Therefore Shanghanlun(傷寒論) made a lot of influence on originating Sa-sang constitutional medicine(四象醫學), Sa-sang constitutional medicine(四象醫學) is the theory which is based on existing medical theory including Shanghanlun(傷寒論) and composed the new medical theory to the constitutional point of view. Sa-sang constitutional medicine(四象醫學) enriched the medical theory and developed the clinical medicine so it has the historical value in the medicine.

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Correlation Analysis between Sasang Constitution and Oriental Pattern Identification by Using Oriental Diagnosis System (한의전문가시스템을 활용한 사상체질과 한의변증 간의 상관관계 분석)

  • Jo, Hye Jin;Noh, Yun Hwan;Cho, Young Seuk;Shin, Dong Ha;Kwon, Young Kyu
    • Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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    • v.33 no.5
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    • pp.255-260
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    • 2019
  • Oriental Diagnosis System(ODS) is an artificial intelligence program that utilize entered diagnosis knowledge, determine patient's disease and decide right medicine. The purpose of this study is to find a correlation between pattern Identification in Korean medicine and each sasang types(So-Yang, So-Eum and Tae-Eum) by analyzing ODS diagnosis result. Eventually our study secure availability of using ODS program at clinical training or developing diagnosis program. Subject of this study is 32 students participating in Sasang medical practice(12 subjects were So-Yang, 7 subjects were So-Eum, and 13 subjects were Tae-Eum). We analyze subject's clinical practice result reports by using ODS program and obtained result about pattern Identification. We used SPSS statistics 23 in analyzing the differences of the scores of Eight Principle Pattern Identification, Qi-Blood Pattern Identification, Bing-xie Pattern Identification, and Visceral Pattern Identification in each Sasang types (So-Yang, So-Eum, Tae-Eum). In the case of Heat-moisture, Tae-Eum showed higher score than So-Eum, but So-Yang showed no difference from the other two Sasang types(p<0.05). And in the case of Food-accumulation, Tae-Eum and So-Yang showed significantly higher score than So-Eum(p<0.05). It is hard to generalize the result because subject of this study was not enough. However, we explained correlation between pattern Identification in korean medicine and each sasang types based on quantifiable and objective evidence system. Therefore use of ODS program in student clinical practice training help to understand the relationship and correlation between different pattern Identification and will help standardization of clinical practice education.

A Study on the Diseases and Pharmacy of the Soumin's Sinsooyul-Pyoyul-Byung theory (소음인(少陰人) 신수열표열병론(腎受熱表熱病論)의 병증(病證) 및 약리(藥理)에 대한 연구(硏究))

  • Joo, Jong-Cheon;Kim, Kyung-Yo
    • Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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    • v.9 no.2
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    • pp.67-94
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    • 1997
  • The main purpose of this study is to arrange the diseases, principal medicinal substances and the prescriptions for the Soumin's Sinsooyul-Pyoyul-Byung(少陽人 腎受熱表熱病) by historical examination in the viewpoint of the Constitutional Medicine(四象醫學). In this study, first I collected the original texts of the diseases and priscriptions in Dongyi-Soose-Bowon(東醫壽世保元), and described the development process of the Soumin(少陽人)'s diseases and priscriptions by comparing with the contents in Dongyi-Soose-Bowon(東醫壽世保元). Next, I collected the efficacy of the medicinal substances and priscriptions by the examination of successive literatures referred it, and tried to explain the efficacy of each medicinal substances in the viewpoint of the Constitutional Medicine(四象醫學) by the analysis of successive literatures. As a result, the conclusions could be summarized as follows. 1. The Differentiation of Syndromes(辦證) in the Existing Medicine(旣存醫學) was formed according to the Eight Principal Syndromes(八綱), the Five Elements(五行), the Merdian system(經絡), therefore there were many confusions with the changes of the times. The differentiation of Syndromes(辦證) in the Constitutional Medicine(四象醫學) was formed according to the pathological change of Ascending and Descending Yin Yang(陰陽升降) in the Four Internal Organs(四臟), therefore, there was the consistency in the recognition of diseases. 2. The classification of the Soumin's Pyoyul-Byung(少陽人 表熱病) was divided into Yukuang Disease(鬱狂證) and Mangyang Disease(亡陽證) according to sweating or not. The conception of these diseases was mostly achived in Shanhanlun(優寒論). The treatment of Shanhanlun(優寒論) was alike to that of Dongyi-Soose-Bowon(東醫壽世保元) in a part. 3. Je ma, Lee thinked that the cause of the Soumin's Pyoyul-Byung(少陽人 表熱病) is the breakdown of the balanced equilibrium in ascending and descending Yin Yang(陰陽升降) for a Large Sin and a Small Bi(腎大脾小), and it is treated by warming and ascending Yang(溫補升陽). 4. The medicinal substances composing prescriptions for the Soumin's Pyoyul-Byung(少陰人 表熱病) is characterized with the efficacy of Ascending Yang and supplying Qi(升陽益氣) and regulating the digestive organs with the efficacy of warming it. 5. The medicinal substances composing the precriptions for the Soumin's Pyoyul-Byung(少陰人 表熱病) is divided into four parts with the state of Yang Qi(陽氣) in the disease it used. 6. The purpose of prescriptions for the Soumin's Pyoyul-Byung(少陰人 表熱病) is to strengthen the Soumin(少陰人)'s Yangnan Qi(陽暖之氣). Je ma, Lee kept the principle not to mix with another constitution's medicinal substances in the creation of the priscription.

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