• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.104-110
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• 1995

Arachidonic acid (AA, C20 : 4, $\omega$-6) and eicosapentanoic acid (EPA,C20 : 5, $\omega$-3), which are polyunsaturated fatty acids forming eicosanoids, were tested for their effects on blood pressure in Wistar rats and SHR. AA is the most important precursor for the biosynthesis of eicosanoids which include the prostaglandins, prostacyclin (PGI$_2$), thromboxane $A_2$ (TXA$_2$) and the leukotriens. TXA$_2$is a potent vasoconstrictor and a powerful inducer of platelet aggregation causing myocardial infarction and hypertention. In contrast, PGI$_2$ induces vasodilation and inhibits platelet aggregation. In this study, AA markedly increased blood pressure, but its effect was antagonized by both EPA, a structural analog of AA, and dazmegrel, a TX synthetase inhibitor. Also, AA enhanced the antihypertensive effects of hydralazine and captopril, and EPA reduced TXA$_2$ production. These results indicate that the hypotensive effects of EPA might be closely related to the decrease in TXA$_2$ biosynthesis due to competitive inhibition by structural similarity of the EPA to the AA, the precursor of TXA$_2$.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.181-189
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• 1995

Carotenoids liberated from the red carotenoprotein from the skin of ascidian(Halocynthia roretzi)were developed on TLC, and two bands were obtained with different Rfvalues. Their chemical reactivities and spectroscopic properties were studied and elucidated as astaxanthin diester and astaxanthin monoester. After saponification of carotenoid ester, GC analysis was performed. The carotenoid ester contained oleic acid, palmitic acid and palmitoleic acids as 50% of total amount, and had higher content unsaturated fatty acid including eicosapentanoic acid than saturated fatty acid.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.49-56
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• 2006

We evaluated changes in the nutritional composition of Mideodeok Styela clava harvested during the months of January, March, and May 2005. Glutamic acid, aspartic acid, arginine, leucine, and lysine were the most dominant amino acids present. Ratios of essential amino acids to nonessential amino acids were comparable to those of many fish species, with values ranging from 0.55 to 0.61 and 0.66 to 0.67 for muscle of Mideodeok from Geoje and Tongyeong, respectively. Mideodeok seems to be a suitable source of important fatty acids as it contains high levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Eicosapentanoic acid EPA; 20:5n-3 and docosahexanoic acid DHA; 22:6n-3 were the most dominant fatty acids, ranging from 20.0 to 22.3% and 16.5 to 17.9% in muscle, and 20.3 to 23.2% and 15.2 to 18.8% in tunic, respectively. The total mineral fraction of Mideodeok was 22.2-27.3% of dry matter. Sodium, calcium, magnesium, and potassium were the most dominant minerals in both muscle and tunic.

• 약학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.20-29
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• 1989

The humoral immune response of Eicosapentanoic acid(EPA) was investigated in mice. ICR male mice were divided into 8 groups and received intraperitoneal injection of EPA(5 mg, 10 mg, 20 mg/kg) for 4 weeks. Cyclophosphamide(5 mg/kg) was administered i.p. 2 days prior to secondary immunization. Humoral immune response was evaluated by antibody titer, hypersensitivity to SRBC (Arthus), plaque forming cell(PFC) and organ weight. The ontanined results were as followings: The increased rate of body weight, the ratio of liver weight, spleen weight to body weight were decreased by all EPA administration groups as compared to normal group. HA titer, HY titer and Arthus reaction were enhanced according to the increase of EPA doses as compared to normal group. PFC was significantly enhanced by EPA 10 mg administration group. These results suggest that EPA enhances humoral immune response to SRBC in mice, indicating that EPA may block a immunoglobulin synthesis inhibition of arachidonic acid.

• ALGAE
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.91-106
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• 2020

Incorporating renewable fuel into practice, especially from algae, is a promising approach in reducing fossil fuel dependency. Algae are an exceptional feedstock since they produce abundant biomass and oils in short timeframes. Algae also produce high-valued lipid products suitable for human nutrition and supplement. Achieving goals of producing algae fuels and high-valued lipids at competitive prices involves further improvement of technology, especially better control over cultivation. Manipulating microalgae cultivation conditions to prevent contamination is essential in addition to promoting optimal growth and lipid yields. Contamination of algal cultures is a major impediment to algae cultivation that can however be mitigated by choosing extremophile microalgae. This work describes the isolation of alkali-tolerant / alkaliphilic microalgae native to South Florida with ideal characteristics for cultivation. For that purpose, water samples from Lake Okeechobee were inoculated into Zarrouk's medium (pH 9-12) and incubated for 35 days. Selection resulted in isolation of three strains that were screened for biomass and lipid accumulation. Two alkali-tolerant algae Chloroidium sp. 154-1 and Chlorella sp. 154-2 were poor lipid accumulators. One of the isolates, the diatom Fistulifera sp. 154-3, was identified as a lipid accumulating, alkaliphilic organism capable of producing 0.233 g L^-1 d^-1 dry biomass and a lipid content of 20-30% dry weight. Lipid analysis indicated the most abundant fatty acid within Fistulifera sp. was palmitoleic acid (52%), or omega-7, followed by palmitic acid (17%), and then eicosapentanoic acid (15%). 18S rRNA phylogenetic analysis formed a well-supported clade with Fistulifera species.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.384-393
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• 1999

The degree of platelet aggregation, thromboxane B2(TXB2)formation and fatty acid composition of platelet phospholipids(PL) were investigated in 24 healthy male subjects who for five weeks consumed either corn oil(CO) rich in linoleic acid(LA), perilla oil (PO) rich in $\alpha$-linoleic acid($\alpha$-LAN), or canola oil(CNO) rich in oleic acid(OA) as a major fat source. Total fat intake was 30% of total calories and prescribed oil intake of each dietary group was 50% of the total fat intake. In the CO group, significantly decreased contents of polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFA), n-6 PUFA, n-3 PUFA and eicosapentanoic acid(EPA) were observed, and significantly increased contents of OA and saturated fatty acids(SFA) were observed in platelet PL after 3 weeks and 5 weeks of dietary treatment. In the PO group, contents of OA and docosahexanoic acid(DHA) were increased, and the ratio of n-6/n-3 was decreased significantly in platelet PL after dietary treatment. The CNO group showed significatnlty decreased contents of PUFA, P/S ratio, n-6 PUFA, LA,(EPA+DHA)/arachidonic acid(AA), and significantly increased SFA contents after 3 weeks of the oil-based diet. The dietary-induced effects on fatty acid composition of platelet PL were observed mostly after 3 weeks of the oil-based diet. The dietary-induced effects on fatty acid composition of platelet PL were observed mostly after 3 weeks. Plasma TXB2 levels were increased after 3 and 5 weeks of dietary treatment. However, only the CO and CNO groups showed significantly increased plasma TXB2 levles after 3 and 5 weeks of dietary treatment. However, only the CO and CNO groups showed significantly increased plasma TXB2 levels after 5 weeks of experimental diets, when compared with initial values. Degree of platelet aggregation increased only in the CO group after dietary treatment. As a result, at week 5 the degree of platelet aggregation of the CO group was significantly higher than those of the PO and CNO groups. Among the three oil-based diets, the PO-based diet seems to have beneficial effects on atherosclerosis by influencing plasma TXB2 levels and the degree of platelet aggregation, while the CO-based diet showed the most adverse effects. Our results imply that plasma TXB2 levels might be affected by dietary fatty acid composition.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.711-718
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• 2008

경북 영천 특산물인 상어 '돔배기'의 고품질화 연구의 일환으로 먼저 영천에서 '돔배기' 원료로 널리 사용되고 있는 귀상어 및 청새리상어육의 이화학적 품질특성을 측정하여 비교한 결과는 다음과 같다. 청새리상어육의 수분 함량이 귀상어육보다 낮은 대신 조단백질, 조지방 및 회분의 함량은 다소 높았으나 건물중으로 환산하면 큰 차이가 없었다. 상어육의 주된 아미노산은 leucine(715.47 mg%), lysine (589.62 mg%), arginine(514.24 mg%), proline(382.64 mg%), isoleucine(326.29 mg%), valine(302.32 mg%), phenylalanine (283.32 mg%), glutamic acid(265.74 mg%), asparagine (256.64 mg%) 및 alanine(239.74 mg%)로서 전체 총 아미노산의 40% 차지하고 있었으며, 귀상어육은 proline(119.58 mg%)을 제외하고 주된 아미노산 및 필수아미노산의 함량은 청새리상어육보다 낮았다. 상어육의 주된 지방산 조성을 보면 palmitic, stearic, oleic, arachidonic 및 docosahexaenoic acids로서 귀상어육은 포화지방산 및 불포화지방산 비율이 거의 유사하였으나 청새리상어육은 불포화지방산 함량이 다소 높았으며, 아울러 DHA 함량이 귀상어육보다 높았다. 상어 지질류는 인지질 함량(약 65%)이 가장 높게 나타났으며, 그 다음으로 스테롤, 중성지방, 유리지방산 순으로 낮았고, 인지질은 레시틴 및 세팔린이 대부분 차지하고 있었으며, 주된 지방산은 myristic, palmitoleic, stearic 및 docosaheaenoic acids 이었고 그 함량은 상어 종류에 따라 큰 차이가 없었다. 마지막으로 청새리상어육은 귀상어육보다 총휘발염기성질소 함량과 pH가 다소 높았으나 색상이 밝고 연하였다.