• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
• /
• 제1권2호
• /
• pp.111-114
• /
• 2000

The female pupae of the silkworms Bombyx mori, were injected with recombinant Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (AcNPV) expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) by percutaneous inoculation. When the 4 day-old female pupae were injected with 1x10$^{7}$ or 2${\times}$10$^{7}$ plaque forming units (pfu) of the recombinant AcNPV, oviposited number and egg weight were significantly decreased. Furthermore, the shape of the eggs was obviously divides into normal and abnormal shapes. The percentage of the eggs with an abnormal shape was 7.8% and 57.1% at 1${\times}$10$^{7}$ and 2${\times}$10$^{7}$ pfu inoculation, respectively. PCR analysis of the genomic DNA extracted from the eggs revealed that gfp and AcNPV ecdysteroid UDP-glucosyltransferase genes were amplified from both types of eggs with normal and abnormal shapes. The results demonstrate that AcNPV DNA, and gfp gene cloned into the AcNPV genome, injected in pupal stage were transmitted to eggs and remained stable through at least next generation.

• 한국어류학회지
• /
• 제26권1호
• /
• pp.42-49
• /
• 2014

조사기간 동안 총 4종의 부유성 어란과 24종의 자치어가 마산만에서 채집되었다. 어란의 우점종은 멸치 (Engraulis japonicus) 어란이었다. 그러나 자치어는 앞동갈베도라치 (Omobranchus elegan), 고등어 (Scomber japonicus), 문절망둑 (Acanthogobius flavimanus), 쥐노래미 (Hexagrammos otakii), 돛양태류 (Repomucenus sp.), Scartella cristata, 망둥어과(Gobiidae sp.) 순으로 우점하였다. 이들 7종은 전체 출현개체수의 78.5%를 차지하였다. 어란과 자치어는 시공간적으로 큰 변동을 보였다. 어란과 자치어의 현존량은 2007년 7월에 가장 높았으며, 2007년 2월에 가장 낮았다. 그리고 난자치어는 다른 정점에 비해 정점 5에서 현존량이 높았다. 어란과 자치어 현존량의 시간적 변화는 수온에 영향을 받았다. 부유성 어란과 자치어는 수심, 지형 등과 같은 물리적 환경 요인에 따라 좀 더 얕은 만 안쪽 정점과 깊은 만 외곽 정점 간 군집 차이를 보였다.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
• /
• 제28권2호
• /
• pp.35-37
• /
• 1986

수세대의 계대동육에 의해서도 휴면란이 얻어지지 않는 열대성 다화성 누에의 품종보존을 위한 사육회수를 줄이고자 다화성 누에씨(MR, SPT, HM)의 냉장적기, 냉정적온 및 냉장가능기간을 부화비율을 지표로 하여 조사한 바 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 5$^{\circ}C$에서 30일간 냉장한 MR과 SPT의 부화비율은 2일영난냉장구에서 가장 높았고(약 80%), 7일영난냉장구에서 가장 낮았다(5% 이하). 2. 2일영의 HM누에씨를 -2.5, 0.0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5$^{\circ}C$의 각 온도에 15일-60일간 냉장하여 부화비율을 조사한 결과, 30일 냉장에는 $0^{\circ}C$가 적합하며(91%), 60일 냉장에는 2.5$^{\circ}C$가 적합하였다.(61%) 3. 이상의 결과로부터 다화성 누에의 품종보존을 위해서는 산란 후 2일 경과한 누에씨를 2.5$^{\circ}C$에서 50-60일간 냉장함으로서 연중계대동육회수를 반감시킬 수 있음이 밝혀졌다.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
• /
• 제47권3호
• /
• pp.315-318
• /
• 2009

Quantitative fecal egg counts represented as the number of eggs per gram of feces (EPG) are generally a reliable parameter to estimate the worm burden of intestinal and hepatic parasitoses. Although Haplorchis taichui (Digenea: Heterophyidae) is one of the most common minute human intestinal flukes, little is known about the relationship between EPG and the actual worm burden in patients or the severity of the disease. In the present study, fecal samples were collected from 25 villagers in northern Thailand before and after praziquantel treatment. The EPG values of each participant were determined by the modified cellophane thick smear method, and adult worms were collected from the whole stool after the treatment. Eggs per day per worm (EPDPW) of H. taichui were estimated 82 from egg counts and expelled worms. The EPG was not well correlated with the worm burden, and a reverse correlation was observed between the EPDPW and the worm burden.

• 대한수의학회지
• /
• 제23권2호
• /
• pp.187-191
• /
• 1983

In the course of surveying the internal parasites of domestic animals, a large number of eggs and mites were detected in the feces and feeds of cattle, pigs, chickens and ducks. Three kinds of mites were identified in the present studies: Acarus siro (Linnaeus), Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Schrank) and Cheyletus malaccensis (Oudemans). The eggs of the mites were similar to those of flukes. In the fecal examination, therefore, it is necessary to differentiate the mite eggs from fluke eggs. The mites found in the present studies live by organic materials. Thus, they were found in the mixed commercial animal feeds. The spoiling of animal feeds by these mites remains to be verified. The damage of the gut epithelium of animals by these adult mites has to be examined more thoroughly, although macroscopic changes were not detected in the present studies. In the commercial animal feeds, the mites were largely found during the warm, humid seasons. As these mites can cause dermatitis in man, care should be taken not to contact continuously with the contaminated feeds.

• 한국수산과학회지
• /
• 제54권1호
• /
• pp.31-37
• /
• 2021

The mass production of fertilized eggs of the convict grouper Hyporthodus septemfasciatus was studied from 2013 to 2020 for industrial aquaculture. The experiment was divided into two groups. Group 1 broodstock was raised from wild-caught fry and used from 2013 to 2020. Group 2 broodstock was raised from artificially propagated fry and used from 2019 to 2020. Males used to collect sperm for artificial insemination weighed more than 7 kg. The effects of various hormones on artificial ovulation were investigated from 2013 onward. Among these, luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analogue (LHRHa) at 100 ㎍/kg body weight showed the most effective results and was used for artificial egg collection from 2014 onward. In Group 1, the average total egg production per year, average egg production per individual, fertilization rate, and hatching rate were 26,143 mL, 609.7 mL, 93.3%, and 91.8%, respectively, and in Group 2, were 2,750 mL, 316.5 mL, 92.1%, and 90.4%, respectively. Based on these results, we showed that a large number of fertilized eggs for artificial seeding could be produced consistently. Moreover, the mass production of fertilized eggs in Group 2 establishes a foundation for the complete aquaculture cycle of H. septemfasciatus.

• 한국환경생태학회지
• /
• 제33권2호
• /
• pp.202-215
• /
• 2019

본 연구는 2015-2018년 5월 기간 동안 납자루아과 어류의 서식 집단 중 강원도 홍천 내촌천(HN), 덕치천(HD), 정선 골지천(JG) 및 조양강(JJ)을 대상으로 기 개발된 제한절편 길이 다형성(restriction fragment length polymorphism; RFLP) 분자마커를 이용하여 숙주조개 속 난 및 치어에 대한 정확한 종 동정을 수행 후 납자루아과 어류의 숙주조개 크기에 대한 산란양상을 파악하고자 하였다. 연구대상 지역 내 납자루아과 어류는 내촌천과 골지천에서 1종(묵납자루; Acheilognathus signifer), 덕치천에서 3종(각시붕어; Rhodeus uyekii, 묵납자루; A. signifer, 줄납자루; Acheilognathus yamatsutae), 조양강에서 2종(묵납자루, 줄납자루)으로 확인되었고, 네 지역에서 모두 동서하고 있는 숙주조개인 작은 말조개(Unio douglasiae sinuolatus) 982개체를 채집하였다. RFLP 분자마커를 이용하여 납자루아과 어류의 난 및 치어가 확인된 작은말조개(N=163; 16.6%)에서 총 646개체의 납자루아과 어류의 난 및 치어(묵납자루 454, 줄납자루 43, 각시붕어 149개체)를 확인하였다. 각 지역 숙주조개 크기에 따른 산란선호도를 조사하기 위해 난 및 치어가 확인된 숙주조개(mussels with [presence] eggs/fry)와 확인되지 않은 숙주조개(mussels without [absence] eggs/fry)의 각장(shell length), 각고(shell height) 및 각폭(shell width)의 평균 크기를 비교하였다. 그 결과 3종의 납자루아과 어류가 동서하는 덕치천의 경우 난 및 치어가 확인된 숙주조개가 확인되지 않은 숙주조개보다 각장(1.98mm), 각고(0.85mm), 각폭(0.73mm)의 크기가 통계적으로 유의하게 크게 나타났으며(Mann-Whitney U tests, P=0.002, P=0.012, P=0.009), 다른 세 개의 지역에서도 난 및 치어가 확인된 조개의 각장, 각고, 각폭의 크기가 큰 결과를 보였으나, 통계적으로 유의하지는 않았다. 추가적으로 종 간 숙주조개 당 평균산란 난 및 치어의 수를 분석한 결과 각시붕어 $9.31{\pm}5.94$개, 묵납자루 $2.86{\pm}2.45$개, 줄납자루 $2.50{\pm}1.32$개로 각시붕어는 묵납자루와 줄납자루보다 숙주조개 당 평균 6.45~6.81개 더 많이 산란하였고, 통계적으로 유의한 결과를 나타내었다(Kruskal-Wallis test, P<0.001). 이 결과는 본 연구 대상 납자루아과 어류 3종에서 크기가 큰 작은말조개를 산란을 위한 숙주로서 선호함을 의미하고, 조개 크기에 대한 선호도 차이가 동서하는 납자루아과 종의 수가 많을수록 크게 나타났다. 또한, 묵납자루와 줄납자루의 경우 많은 숙주조개에 적은 양의 난을 추가적으로 고르게 산란하는 반면에 각시붕어는 비교적 적은 수의 숙주조개에 많은 양의 난을 산란하는 번식전략을 나타내었다. 2종 이상의 납자루아과 어류가 서식하는 덕치천(HD)과 조양강(JJ)에서 묵납자루와 줄납자루 2종이 동일한 조개에 산란하는 것이 관찰되었다(N=4). 이는 납자루아과 어류가 2종 이상 동서할 때, 동일한 자원인 작은말조개를 자신의 산란숙주로 이용하기 위한 종간경쟁(interspecific competition)이 일어나고 있는 것으로 판단된다. 본 연구에서는 기존 연구된 생태학적 연구에 유전학적인 방법을 추가하여 각 집단 간, 종 간 숙주조개 크기에 대한 산란양상을 보다 정확히 규명하여 숙주조개를 이용하는 납자루아과 어류의 생태적 적응양상을 명확히 파악하고 더 나아가 숙주조개와 납자루아과 어류의 공생(mutualism) 혹은 숙주-기생의 상호관계(host-parasite relationship)를 규명하는데 기여할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

• 한국환경생태학회지
• /
• 제28권5호
• /
• pp.559-565
• /
• 2014

2013년 5월부터 6월까지 소양호에 설치된 인공식물섬에서 출현 어류와 어란 부착을 조사하였다. 잠수하여 수중 관찰한 결과 청평리에서는 피라미(Zacco platypus) 5.2%, 쏘가리(Siniperca scherzeri) 1.0%, 블루길(Lepomis macrochirus) 90.8%, 배스(Micropterus salmoides) 3.0% 등이 출현하였다. 웅진리에서는 잉어(Cyprinus carpio) 0.4%, 피라미 54.6%, 블루길 20.3%, 배스 24.7%등 이었다. 시설물 인접수역에서는 총 7과 22종이 출현하였다. 이 중 국외 도입종에 속하는 어종은 떡붕어(Carassius cuvieri), 블루길, 배스 등 이었고 피라미 30.4%, 블루길 18.9%, 끄리(Opsariichthys uncirostris amurensis) 15.4%, 누치(Hemibarbus labeo) 9.3% 등의 순으로 개체수가 풍부하였다. 부착한 어란은 $1m^2$당 청평리에서는 800개, 웅진리에서 1,100개 이었으며 시설물 전체에서는 청평리에서 708,800개, 웅진리에서 974,500개로 추정되었다. 어란은 붕어(Carassius auratus) 504,920개(청평리 212,640개, 웅진리 292,280개)와 잉어 1,178,380개(청평리 496,160개, 웅진리 682,220개) 이었다. 부착한 수정란이 폐사하지 않고 부화한 개체는 붕어 350,505개(청평리 102,067개, 웅진리 248,438개)와 잉어 811,222개(청평리 238,157개, 웅진리 573,065개) 이었다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• 제62권4호
• /
• pp.521-532
• /
• 2020

The production performance of broiler breeder hens in response to different levels of total lysine during the early laying period was investigated. A total of 126 Ross 308 parent stock hens were offered one of seven dietary treatments formulating elevated contents of total lysine ranging from 0.55% to 0.79% (0.04 scale; 133 g of feed) from 23 to 29 weeks of age. Each treatment had six replicates with three birds per pen. Body weight was recorded triweekly and eggs were collected and weighted at 9:00 am daily. One hen from each pen was euthanized to collect blood samples and visceral organs were harvested and weighed. Egg production, egg weight and egg mass were lower (p < 0.05) in hens offered a diet containing 0.55% total lysine compared to those fed the diet containing higher total lysine. Hens offered a diet containing 0.71%, 0.75%, and 0.79% total lysine had greater (p = 0.008) egg production rate compared to those offered a diet containing lysine less than 0.71%. The number of total eggs produced tended to be greater (p = 0.083) in hens offered a diet containing 0.71 and 0.75% total lysine compared to the other treatments. The number of settable egg production was higher (p < 0.001) in hens offered a diet contacting 0.79% total lysine compared to those fed the diet containing lower levels of total lysine. The relative weights of oviduct and ovary were lower (p < 0.05) in hens offered a diet containing 0.59% total lysine compared to the other treatments. No difference found in body weight, the number of total eggs, double-yolk eggs and abnormal shell eggs among the treatments. The urea nitrogen, estradiol-17 beta and progesterone in plasma were not affected by treatments. Based on linear- and quadratic-plateau models, total lysine requirements for egg production, settable egg production and egg mass at the early laying period were to be 0.73%, 0.77%, and 0.71%, respectively. Modern broiler breeder hens likely require higher total lysine than NRC recommendation in a diet for enhancing productivity during the early-laying period.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제28권5호
• /
• pp.605-611
• /
• 2015

A synthetic strain of ducks (Anas platyrhynchos) was developed by introducing genes for long duration of fertility to be used as mother of mule ducklings and a seven-generation selection experiment was conducted to increase the number of fertile eggs after a single artificial insemination (AI) with pooled Muscovy semen. Reciprocal crossbreeding between Brown Tsaiya LRI-2 (with long duration of fertility) and Pekin L-201 (with white plumage mule ducklings) ducks produced the G0. Then G1 were intercrossed to produce G2 and so on for the following generations. Each female duck was inseminated 3 times, at 26, 29, and 32 weeks of age. The eggs were collected for 14 days from day 2 after AI. Individual data regarding the number of incubated eggs (Ie), the number of fertile eggs at candling at day 7 of incubation (F), the total number of dead embryos (M), the maximum duration of fertility (Dm) and the number of hatched mule ducklings (H) with plumage colour were recorded. The selection criterion was the breeding values of the best linear unbiased prediction animal model for F. The results show high percentage of exhibited heterosis in G2 for traits to improve (19.1% for F and 12.9% for H); F with a value of 5.92 (vs 3.74 in the Pekin L-201) was improved in the G2. Heritabilities were found to be low for Ie ($h^2=0.07{\pm}0.03$) and M ($h^2=0.07{\pm}0.01$), moderately low for Dm ($h^2=0.13{\pm}0.02$), of medium values for H ($h^2=0.20{\pm}0.03$) and F ($h^2=0.23{\pm}0.03$). High and favourable genetic correlations existed between F and Dm ($r_g=0.93$), between F and H ($r_g=0.97$) and between Dm and H ($r_g=0.90$). The selection experiment showed a positive trend for phenotypic values of F (6.38 fertile eggs in G10 of synthetic strain vs 5.59 eggs in G4, and 3.74 eggs in Pekin L-201), with correlated response for increasing H (5.73 ducklings in G10 vs 4.86 in G4, and 3.09 ducklings in Pekin L-201) and maximum duration of the fertile period without increasing the embryo mortality rate. The average predicted genetic response for F was 40% of genetic standard deviation per generation of selection. The mule ducklings' feather colour also was improved. It was concluded that this study provided results for a better understanding of the genetics of the duration of fertility traits in the common female duck bred for mule and that the selection of a synthetic strain was effective method of improvement.