• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.403-416
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the food functional properties and in vitro bioactivity of vacuum freeze-dried fish roe concentrates (FRCs) prepared from Alaska pollock Theragra chalcogramma (AP), bastard halibut Paralichthys olivaceus (BH) and skipjack tuna Katsuwonus pelamis (ST). All three species showed better buffering capacity on the alkaline side (pH 10-12) than on the acidic side. The water-holding capacities of the FRCs were 3.5, 8.5 and 4.2 g/g protein for AP, BH and ST, respectively, and were significantly higher than that of commercial egg white. The protein solubilities of the FRCs were 42.5% (AP), 50.0% (BH) and 13.9% (ST). The foaming capacities of the FRCs were not significantly different among the species (128.0% for AP, 128.3% for BH, and 143.3% for ST; P>0.05), and their foam stability was maintained at 53.0-74.2% for 60 minutes. The oil-in-water emulsifying activity indexes of AP and BH (19.5 and 20.2 ㎡/g protein, respectively) were significantly superior to that of ST (P<0.05). The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2'-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothia-zoline-6-sulfonic acid radical-scavenging activities (IC₅₀, mg/mL) of the FRCs were in the ranges of 1.05-3.26 and 0.13-0.18 mg/mL, respectively, and the angiotensin I converting enzyme inhibitory activity was in the range of 0.97-1.89 mg/mL.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.95-105
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• 2020

This study presents the production characteristics and physiological characteristics of five Korean native chicken (KNC) breeds consisting of Hwanggalsaek Jaeraejong (HJ), Korean Rhode Island Red (KR), Korean White Leghorn (KL), Korean Brown Cornish (KC), and Korean Ogye (KO). We investigated their production performances, vitalities, and stress responses. We measured the survival rate, body weight, age at first egg-laying, hen-day egg production, egg weight, amount of telomeric DNA, heterophil-lymphocyte ratio (H/L ratio), and heat shock protein (HSP)-70, HSP-90α and HSP-90β gene expression levels for 493 KNCs. The survival rate was highest in KR, and lowest in KO. Body weights were steadily high in the order of KC, KR, HJ, KO and KL. Average hen-day egg production was highest in KL, and lowest in KC. While the amount of telomeric DNA was highest in KR, and lowest in KC. Furthermore, both the H/L ratio and the HSP-90β gene expression level were highest in KC, and lowest in KR. These results indicated that the KR breed was highly resistant to stress, whereas KC was more susceptible to stress. Taken together, it is considered that with improvements the KC breed would be more suited to be used as a Korean broiler breed while KL would be more appropriately used as a Korean layer breed. In addition, it is considered that the KR breed is appropriate to be used as a maternal chicken breeder based on good production capacity and excellent robustness, while the HJ breed is desirable to be improved as a high-quality Korean meat breed based on its excellent meat quality.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.458-464
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• 1999

The value of lysozyme as a natural food preservative is continuously increased due to its unique antimicrobial activity. To determine the optimum separation concentration among the various hen egg white protein (HEWP) concentrations (0.25, 0.5, 1.0, w/v), protein concentrations, lysozyme concentrations, specific activities (SA), and purification factors of prefiltered solution (PFS) and PM30 permeate solution (PMS) were compared. The purity of lysozyme separated at each step was analyzed and confirmed by gel permeation chromatography and electrophoresis. The fouling deposits on membrane were observed by SEM. The non-enzymatic proteins were removed over 99% by ultrafiltration (UF). The increased feed concentration did not contribute to the increase of SA. SA of PMS was 18 to 31 times higher than that of PFS. The optimum feed concentration was decided as 0.25% based on SA and purification factor. The non-enzymatic region of gel chromatogram was proved to be ovalbumin. The thickness of deposit on the UF membrane was approximately $0.9{\mu}m$ and removed by cleaning with 0.1 N NaOH. Therefore, UF using PM30 membrane was very effective to separate the antimicrobial lysozyme from various HEWPs.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.34 no.8
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• pp.1290-1302
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• 2021

Objective: Follicle selection is an important process in chicken egg laying. Among several small yellow (SY) follicles, the one exhibiting the highest expression of follicle stimulation hormone receptor (FSHR) will be selected to become a hierarchal follicle. The role of lncRNA, miRNA and other non-coding RNA in chicken follicle selection is unclear. Methods: In this study, the whole transcriptome sequencing of SY follicles with different expression levels of FSHR in Jining Bairi hens was performed, and the expression of 30 randomly selected mRNAs, lncRNAs and miRNAs was validated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Preliminary studies and bioinformatics analysis were performed on the selected mRNA, lncRNA, miRNA and their target genes. The effect of identified gene was examined in the granulosa cells of chicken follicles. Results: Integrated transcriptomic analysis on chicken SY follicles differing in FSHR expression revealed 467 differentially expressed mRNA genes, 134 differentially expressed lncRNA genes and 34 differentially expressed miRNA genes, and sosondowah ankyrin repeat domain family member A (SOWAHA) was the common target gene of three miRNAs and one lncRNA. SOWAHA was mainly expressed in small white (SW) and SY follicles and was affected by follicle stimulation hormone (FSH) treatment in the granulosa cells. Knockdown of SOWAHA inhibited the expression of Wnt family member 4 (Wnt4) and steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) in the granulosa cells of prehierarchal follicles, while stimulated Wnt4 in hierarchal follicles. Overexpression of SOWAHA increased the expression of Wnt4 in the granulosa cells of prehierarchal follicles, decreased that of StAR and cytochrome P450 family 11 subfamily A member 1 in the granulosa cells of hierarchal follicles and inhibited the proliferation of granulosa cells. Conclusion: Integrated analysis of chicken SY follicle transcriptomes identified SOWAHA as a network gene that is affected by FSH in granulosa cells of ovarian follicles. SOWAHA affected the expression of genes involved in chicken follicle selection and inhibited the proliferation of granulosa cells, suggesting an inhibitory role in chicken follicle selection.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.293-304
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• 2011

The current work was carried out to investigate the effect of crossbred Korean native chickens (KNC) on performance and meat quality. A total of 720 chicks (1d of age) was used in this work and were divided into groups by crossbreds (A, B, C and D) and sex (male and female). Crossbreds were A) (KNC egg-meat type C strains ${\times}$ KNC meat type S strains) ${\times}$ Ross broiler, B) (KNC egg-meat type C strains ${\times}$ KNC meat type H strains) ${\times}$ KNC meat type S strains, C) (KNC native R strains${\times}$KNC meat type S strains)${\times}$KNC meat type H strains and D(White Semibroiler Chickens). Experimental diets consisted of 3 phases such as starter (0~5 weeks; CP 20.0%, ME 3,050 kcal/kg), earlier (5~8 weeks; CP 18.0%, ME 3,100 kcal/kg) and finisher (8~12 weeks; CP 16.0%, ME 3,150 kcal/kg). They were fed the broiler diets for 12 weeks at the flat house and thirty six chickens were slaughtered at week 5 and 10. There was no significant difference on the fertility of crossbred KNCs, and the hatchability of B crossbred was low compared to other crossbreds. On body weight (BW), D crossbred resulted in a higher BW after 5 weeks (P<0.05). Body weight gain (BWG) and feed intake (FI) of A crossbred were also significant higher compared to the other crossbreds for all periods. On carcass ratio (CR), A crossbred showed higher CR at 5 weeks, there was no significant among crossbreds at 10 weeks. The partial meat ratio(ala, breast, neck, leg) of C crossbred was the lowest among other crossbreds (P<0.05), but the back meat ratio was not difference among treatments at 5 and 10 weeks. pH of meats have no difference among crossbreds at 5 week, and A crossbred was high compared to other crossbreds at 10 week (P<0.05). The moisture content of D crossbred meat and the protein content of B crossbred meat were high compared to other crossbreds at 5 week. Chemical compositions of meats have no difference among crossbreds at 10 week. Lightness and redness have not significance among crossbreds at 5 week, and redness of A crossbred was the highest among all crossbreds (P<0.05). Shear force and cooking loss of A crossbred were high at 5 week, and cooking loss of A crossbred was low compared with other crossbreds at 10 week. These results suggested the basic data that needed to develope the new strains.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.58 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to provide basic information for breeding cowpeas (Vigna unguiculata L.) by investigating the crop characteristics of 245 accessions of cowpea collected in Korea and abroad. All specimens flowered within 41 to 50 days (51.5%) or 51 to 60 days (43.7%) of sowing and matured 21 to 30 days (53.9%) or 31 to 40 days (23.7%) from flowering. Thus, the total time from sowing to maturity was either 71 to 80 days (26.9%) or 81 to 90 days (23.4%) for all specimens. The accessions were classified into indeterminate type (72.7%), intermediate type (25.7%) and determinate type (1.6%) based on growth; prostrate type (78.8%) and erect type (21.2%) based on plant type; heart shape (98.4%) and lanceolate (1.6%) based on leaflet shape; and purple (85.2%), white (13.6%) and light green (1.2%) based on corolla color. The accessions were classified into brown (54.7%) and yellowish brown (37.6%) based on color at pod maturity; and downward (90.6%), middle (5.7%) and standing upright (3.7%) based on pod setting position. Seed coat color varied as 25.3% were brown, 23.3% were black, and 20.8% were white. Seed shape also varied as 66.9% were egg-shaped, 24.9% were rectangular and 8.2% were kidney-shaped. Pod lengths ranged from 10.1-20.0 cm and from 20.1-30.0 cm in 89.0% and 8.6% of specimens, respectively. There were 12.1-15.0, 9.1-12.0, and 15.1-18.0 seeds per pod in 62.0%, 25.7% and 9.1% of specimens, respectively. The weight of one hundred seeds ranged from 15.1-20.0 g (37.6%) and 10.1-15.0 g (28.6%). Seed yields per plant were 100.1-200.0 g (52.7%), less than 100 g (22.9%), and 200.1-300.0 g (15.9%). The starch content in the seeds of the seven selected resources ranged from 44.1 to 57.0% while the protein content ranged from 23.3 to 27.5% with significant differences. The sucrose content ranged from 1.46 to 2.03%, also with significant differences.