• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
• /
• v.43 no.1
• /
• pp.31-38
• /
• 2016

Consumers demand fresh and high-quality eggs. Egg quality may be represented by shell color, shell weight, egg weight, shell thickness, shell density, albumen height, yolk color, albumen pH and viscosity. Various factors such as strain, age of hen, storage temperature, humidity, the presence of $CO_2$ and storage time affect egg quality. Therefore, we investigated the effects of storage time and temperature on egg quality to define the freshness of Korean market eggs. A total of 1,800 eggs were used for this experiment and were separated into 45 treatments with 40 eggs in each. The treatments were consisted of 15 storage periods (2 d to 30 d) and 3 storage temperatures ($2^{\circ}C$, $12^{\circ}C$, $25^{\circ}C$). Each egg was weighed and broken, and the height of the thick albumen, Haugh units (HU), egg shell color and yolk color were measured by a QCM+system. We also observed the physiochemical properties of eggs such as yolk pH, albumen pH and albumen viscosity. The egg weight, shell weight, albumen height, HU and albumen viscosity significantly decreased with increasing storage time and temperature. However, the albumen and yolk pH significantly increased with increasing storage period and temperature. The interaction effects between the storage period and temperature were significant for shell weight, shell density, egg weight, albumen height, HU, yolk color, yolk pH, albumen pH and albumen viscosity. In the analysis of the correlation with egg quality, the storage temperature exhibited a higher correlation coefficient than the storage period. In conclusion, storage time and temperature are the major factors affecting egg quality, but the storage temperature is a more sensitive determinant of egg quality deterioration compared with the storage period.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
• /
• v.27 no.1
• /
• pp.79-84
• /
• 2000

This study was carried out to investigate the characteristics of semen and egg storage period on hatchability of Korean native chicken(KNC, 44-wk old). The body weight, volume of semen, concentration of spermatozoa, total sperm of an ejaculate, motility of sperm and percentage of fertile eggs were 2,555.89g, 0.473$m\ell$, 30.81${\times}$10(sup)8/$m\ell$, 13.14${\times}$10(sup)8 cells, 3.58 and 91.69%, respectively, in KNC. The percentage of fertile eggs were 87.9∼96.0% on storage period in KNC. The viability and hatchability were 80.2%. 74.6%, respectively, in storage period for 22 days in storage temperature of 11∼14$^{\circ}C$. The results of the trial show that viability can be get more than 80% in storage period for 3 weeks in storage temperature of about 13$^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• v.64 no.2
• /
• pp.365-379
• /
• 2022

The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of storage length, turning frequency and egg position on internal quality traits of chukar eggs obtained from 56-week-old chukar partridges under the same nutrition and management conditions. A total of 720 eggs were collected and assigned to 36 subgroups according to storage length (7, 14, 21, and 28 d), turning frequency (0, 1, and 24 per day) and egg position (pointed end up, blunt end up and horizontal). As a result of the study, almost all the internal quality traits of chukar eggs were negatively affected by lengthening of storage period especially 21 days and longer (p < 0.001). Internal egg quality traits weren't statistically affected by turning frequency except yolk index (p < 0.01). An improvement was observed in Haugh unit, albumen index and heigh of eggs stored with pointed end up (p < 0.001). Some significant interactions occurred among all internal egg quality traits which were mostly dependent on the eggs stored horizontally, extended storage time more than 21 days and egg turning during storage. The results and interactions showed that internal quality traits would be preserved well for the eggs stored less than 21 days with the position of pointed end up independent of turning. If the storage period was to exceed 21 days, the eggs should be positioned horizontally and turning should be applied to preserve the quality of chukar eggs.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• v.54 no.3
• /
• pp.209-217
• /
• 2012

The objective of this study was to assess the external and internal quality traits of eggs in wholesale egg market in Colombo, Sri Lanka and the effect of storage period in egg quality traits in the same market after receiving the eggs. First, a total of 482 fresh eggs were randomly collected from the above market and external egg quality traits were determined and recorded according to the definitions given in the Specification for Chicken Egg SLS 959:1992. After that, a total of 288 fresh eggs were randomly collected and various external and internal egg quality traits were measured and recorded according to the standard procedures over a storage period of 1, 3 and 5 d after receiving the fresh eggs to the wholesale market. Information about the shops was also collected using a pretested questionnaire. Using the recorded data, shape index, Haugh unit, albumen index and yolk index were calculated for each egg. Average weight, width, length and shape index of the eggs in the sample was 59.96 g, 4.33 cm, 5.78 cm and 75.03, respectively. Average shape index value was much closer to the standard value of 74. From the total sample 80.5% eggs had a normal and sound shape. However only 60.37% of the eggs are in the desirable quality range specified in SLS 959:1992, when the overall shell quality of the sample is considered based on shell cleanliness, defects and shape. The results of the current study indicated that eggs had significant (p<0.05) deterioration of all internal quality parameters tested with increasing storage time. However the effect was not significant (p>0.05) between the storage periods of 3 and 5 d after receiving eggs except for yolk color and yolk height. Desirable category of eggs had reduced and rejections had increased with the storage period. Main problems associated with the particular market were less space availability, higher percentages of dirty eggs, unavailability of proper packaging materials, no standard packaging system for eggs, and not implementing a standard grading system for eggs. Therefore the results of this study suggest that proper egg handling and storage conditions such as low temperature storage may be implemented to increase the proportion of desirable quality eggs in the above market.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
• /
• v.47 no.4
• /
• pp.237-245
• /
• 2020

This study investigated the effects of breed, laying age, and egg storage period on hatching performance. Eggs were collected from early laying period (27 to 29 weeks old) and late laying period (50 to 52 weeks old) in Hwanggalsaek Jaeraejong, Korean Rhode Island Red, and Korean White Leghorn chicken breeds. Eggs laid for each period were stored for 3, 7 and 14 days and then hatched. Fertility, hatchability, and embryonic mortality were observed to determine the hatching performance. The results showed that hatching performance was affected by breed, laying age, and egg storage period with independently or interactively. The Korean Rhode Island Red breed had the lowest hatching performance. Hatchability and early embryonic mortality rate increased in early laying period eggs compared to the late laying period, but the late embryonic mortality rate increased in late laying period eggs. Additionally, hatching performance decreased as the egg storage period increased. Using breed-specific hatching management techniques, avoiding late laying period eggs, and shortening the egg storage period to seven days after laying may improve the hatching performance.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.21 no.8
• /
• pp.1183-1188
• /
• 2008

The present study aimed to determine the effects of different storage materials and storage period on some hatchability traits of Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) eggs. A total of 32 male and 102 female quail (twelve weeks of ages) were housed in multiple-bird cages. Eggs laid were divided into three groups with respect to the period of storage (I = 1st, 2nd and 3rd days, II = 6th, 7th and 8th days, III = 12th, 13th and 14th days) prior to incubation. A total of 816 eggs was stored in 3 different storage environments during each storage period (B = no use of any storage material, P = use of perlite, H = use of hay) and kept in environmental conditions, where the temperature was $21^{\circ}C$ and relative humidity was 75%, prior to incubation. Statistical analyses were performed after the exclusion of values pertaining to non-fertile eggs (190 eggs) from the data set. The fertility rate of the eggs in the experiment was 76.7%. In the present study, the influence of storage material and different storage periods on egg weight loss were found to be statistically significant (p<0.01). Upon the comparison of hatchability of fertile eggs values, the influence of storage material was determined to be significant (p<0.05), and the influence of storage period was demonstrated to be significant (p<0.01). The storage materials used were determined not to have any influence on early and late embryonic death rates. Perlite was concluded to be safe for use in the storage of hatching eggs. The extension of the storage period (more than 8 days) resulted in decreased hatchability values of fertile eggs in each group.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.23 no.2
• /
• pp.240-245
• /
• 2010

The effects of controlled energy restriction and duration of pre-incubation egg holding on fertility, hatchability and hatch losses were evaluated in aged broiler breeders (64 wk). The energy (ME) required for maintenance, activity, growth and anticipated egg production was calculated and offered to a control group (283-471 kcal/kg) from 21-64 weeks of age. In three other groups, ME was quantitatively reduced either by 20% (SER; severe energy restriction) or 10% (MER; moderate energy restriction) and increased by10% (EEF; excess energy feeding) over the control group (CER; controlled energy restriction). Each diet was offered to 130 pullets in individual cages, and the quantity of ME increased with age. At the end of 64 weeks, fertile eggs were collected from each dietary group for 11 consecutive days and grouped under 4 holding periods based on the length of storage (2, 5, 8 or 11 d). The influence of energy regimes, egg holding intervals and their interaction was evaluated on fertility, hatch losses and hatchability. Broiler breeders maintained on SER regime (231-419 kcal/d) produced maximum number of eggs (993) followed by MER (819), CER (624) and EEF (438) during the 11-day period. The percent fertility and hatchability was significantly (p$\leq$0.05) higher in SER and MER groups compared to CER and EEF. However, energy regimes did not influence the loss in egg weight during pre-incubation storage, shell weight, shell thickness or hatch losses as dead germs and dead in shell. The improvement in hatchability in SER and MER groups appeared to be closely related to higher fertility and lower embryonic mortality. Holding of eggs for 11 days showed a linear loss in egg weight with the length of storage, but did not influence the fertility and hatch losses. The percent hatchability on eggs set was maximum when storage period was restricted to 5 days. The interaction between energy regimes and egg holding periods exhibited better hatchability results with SER regime when eggs were held for 5 days. Response to MER was not different from SER. It was obvious that energy restriction during production period had a positive influence on egg number, fertility and hatchability in aged breeders. At 64 weeks of age, holding of fertile eggs for 5 days prior to incubation was adequate for optimum hatchability in breeders.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.31 no.2
• /
• pp.184-188
• /
• 2002

The fatty acid contents of egg yolk from various chicken eggs such as general egg, ginseng egg, gamgoal egg and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) egg were analysed during storage at 4$^{\circ}C$ for 3 weeks. The major fatty acids of all egg yolk oils were oleic acid (18 : 1) and palmitic acid (16 : 0). The contents of both fatty acids reached maximum at the first or second week and decreased at the third week. DHA was detected from 4 kinds of eggs stored for 2 or 3 weeks. The n-6/n-3 ratio was obtained under recommended intake range in fresh gamgoal egg and in general and DHA eggs stored far 0~3 weeks. For 3 weeks, polyunsaturated fatty acid / monounsaturated fatty acid/ saturated fatty acid (P/M/S) ratio of DHA e99 did not chance, but that of ginseng e99 gradually increased. The P/M/S ratio was generally maintained under recommended intake range in general egg stored for 3 weeks, in ginseng egg stored for 2 weeks and in DHA egg during all the storage period.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
• /
• v.24 no.3
• /
• pp.145-151
• /
• 1997

This study was conducted to investigate the influence of dietary olive oil, canola oil, or sardine oil on the fatty acids composition and cholesterol contents in eggs The experimental layers, 62~65 weeks of age, were randomly allotted to one of the four treatments; a) Control (commercial feed), b) T1 (commercial feed plus 10% olive oil), c) T2 (commercial feed plus 10% sardine oil), d) m (commercial feed plus 10% sardine oil) for 3 weeks. The egg samples were stored at 4${\pm}$1˚C for a certain period (1, 3, 5, 7, and 9 days) and analyzed for the fatty acids composition and cholesterol contents. The unsaturated fatty acid contents in the egg yolk were slightly decreased as the storage periods extended. The oleic acid content in T1 was the highest in all treatments. The linoleic and linolenic acid contents in T2 were higher than in the other treatments. The eicosahexaenoic acid (EPA), docosapentaenoic acid (DPA), and docosasahexaenoic acid ( DH A) contents in eggs from m were higher than the other treatments. The ratio of egg yolk n-6 /n-3 fatty acids contents in all treatments were slightly increased as the storage periods extended. The n-3 fatty acid contents of the egg yolk from T3 was the highest in all treatments. The cholesterol contents of the eggs were significantly decreased as the storage period extended(P<0.05). There was no significant difference in egg cholesterol content among all treatments.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
• /
• v.48 no.1
• /
• pp.1-12
• /
• 2021

We investigated the effects of breed, laying age, and egg storage period on the vitality of chicks using the Hwanggalsaek Jaeraejong, Korean Rhode Island Red, and Korean White Leghorn chicken breeds. Their eggs were collected during the early laying period (27~29 weeks) and late laying period (50~52 weeks) and were stored for 3 days, 7 days and 14 days. After the eggs hatched, the hatching time, production performance, and organ weight of chicks were investigated. IL-6 gene expression level and relative length of telomeres were analyzed to determine the physiological activity of the chicks. HSP gene expression level and heterophil to lymphocytes ratio were also analyzed to examine the degree of stress response in the chicks. The results showed that breed and laying age influenced the vitality of chicks, but the egg storage period did not. Korean Leghorn chicks were considered the weakest breed in terms of vitality owing to their low survival rate, small heart size, low physiological activity, and high stress response level. Although the survival rate of chicks produced in the early laying period was low, their high physiological activity and low stress response indicated that they had a high vitality than the chicks produced in the late laying period. In conclusion, to obtain chicks with high vitality, it would be desirable to select a high vitality breed and avoid the use of chicks produced in the late laying period.