• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.840-846
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• 2015

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary corticosterone on egg quality. For 2 weeks hens received either control or experimental diet containing corticosterone at 30 mg/kg diet. Feed intake and egg production were monitored daily, and body weight measured weekly. Egg weights and egg quality were measured daily. Corticosterone treatment resulted in a remarkable increase in feed intake and sharp decrease in egg production compared with control (p<0.05) whereas body weight remained unchanged. Decreased albumen height, but no changes in egg weight, led to decreased Haugh unit (p<0.05). Corticosterone caused elevated eggshell thickness (p<0.05) without altering weight and strength, suggesting possible changes in shell structure. Yolk color and redness were increased by corticosterone (p<0.05) but lightness and yellowness were either not changed or inconsistent over the time period of measurements. Increased concentrations in plasma were also found for corticosterone, glucose, cholesterol, creatinine, uric acid, albumin, aspartate aminotransferase, creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, total protein, and amylase (p<0.05), suggesting that corticosterone increased protein breakdown, renal dysfunctions and pancreatitis. Together, the current results imply that dietary corticosterone affects egg quality such as yolk colors and shell thickness, in addition to its effects on feed intake and egg production.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.253-261
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• 2016

계란의 품질은 소비자와 생산자 모두에게 매우 중요한 요소이다. 계란의 품질에 영향을 미치는 요소로 닭의 품종, 산란연령, 계란의 보관 온도와 저장기간, 보관 습도, 산란 계절 및 사료 등이 있다. 본 연구는 닭의 산란연령과 계란의 저장기간이 난질에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해 시행되었다. 본 시험은 하이라인 브라운 실용산란계가 생산한 총 700개의 계란을 대상으로 2개의 산란연령(30주령 및 60주령)과 4개의 저장기간(0, 10, 20, 30일), 총 8처리에 대해 분석하였다. 계란의 품질 평가기준으로 난중, 난각색, 난각두께, 난각밀도, 난백높이, 호우유니트(HU), 난황색, 난황 및 난백의 pH와 점도를 측정하였다. 실험결과, 산란연령 및 계란의 저장기간은 거의 모든 계란의 내 외부 난질지표에 유의한 영향을 미쳤다. 산란연령이 증가함에 따라 생산된 계란의 난각두께, 난백높이, HU, 난황색, 난황과 난백의 pH 및 난황점도는 유의하게 감소하였다. 한편, 난각색에 있어서는 60주령에 생산된 계란이 30주령에 생산된 계란보다 옅은 난각색을 나타내었다. 또한, 계란의 저장기간이 증가함에 따라 난중, 난각중, 난각두께, 난각밀도, 난백높이, HU 및 난백점도는 감소하였고, 반면 난황색과 난황과 난백의 pH는 증가하였다. 더불어 난각두께, 난백높이, 난황색, 난황 및 난백의 pH와 점도는 계란의 저장기간과 산란연령 간 상호작용의 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 대표적 난질의 지표로 볼 수 있는 난각두께, 난백높이 및 HU가 60주령에 생산된 계란이 30주령에 산란한 알에 비해 유의하게 낮게 나타났다. 따라서 산란연령이 증가하고 계란의 저장기간이 길어짐에 따라 난질저하가 일어나게 된다. 결론적으로, 본 연구에서 신선란의 경우, 산란연령이 계란의 품질에 영향을 미치는 주된 요인인 반면, 보관란의 경우 저장기간이 난질에 영향을 미치는 결정적 요인임을 시사하고 있다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제23권8호
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• pp.1049-1056
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• 2010

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary glutamine (Gln) on the productive performance and egg quality of laying hens. A total of four hundred Lingnan Yellow laying hens aged 34 weeks were randomly assigned into four groups (100 laying hens/group), and fed, respectively, with diets supplemented with 0% (control group), 0.2%, 0.4%, and 0.8% Gln during the 6-week feeding period. The results were as follows. First, the productivity of laying hens fed with 0.8% Gln in diet was significantly increased (p<0.05); however, the egg quality (egg weight, yolk weight, shell weight, egg shape index, shell thickness, shell density, shell breaking strength, yolk color, yolk index, and Haugh unit) was not affected compared with that of the control group (p>0.05). Second, luteinizing hormone (LH) (p<0.01), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) (p<0.01), triiodothyronine ($T_3$), and tetraiodothyronine ($T_4$) contents (p<0.05) in blood of laying hens fed with 0.8% Gln in diets were also significantly improved, and greater improvement in the duodenum and oviduct structure was observed in that treatment group. This study indicated for the first time that diets with 0.8% Gln were able to increase the productive performance of laying hens through stimulating hormone secretion and better development of both the duodenum and oviduct structure in laying hens.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.341-347
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• 1992

Eggs used in this study were obtained from Saudi Arabian Baladi laying hens which were divided into four experimental groups and subjected to the following treatments: Commercial laying ration (17% CP, 3.6% Ca and 0.343%, available P) fed ad libitum as a control (C); Conventional force molting, feed removal for 10 days followed by 18 days full-feed of cracked corn (F); 15 days ad libitum intake of the control ration supplemented, to initiate forced-molt, with 0.35% aluminum as the sulfate (ALS) or the chloride (ALC). The hens were in production for 52 weeks and 17 months of age at the start of the trial and the post-treatment period lasted 36 weeks. During the treatment period F and AL treated groups had similar egg and shell weight, egg surface area, shell thickness and shell weight per unit of surface area but significantly (p<0.05) lower than the control. F had significantly (p<0.05) the highest and the control the lowest Haugh unit values whereas AL fed groups had significantly (p<0.05) lower meat spot incidence compared with the control which tended to have higher value than F group. ALC and F had significantly (p<0.05) the lowest yolk color grade whereas ALC had significantly (p<0.05) lower egg index than ALS and the control. During the post-treatment period the control had significantly (p<0.05) the highest egg index and blood spots incidence and ALS the lowest shell diensity compared with other groups. ALS had significantly (p<0.05) lower shell weight than ALC and the control whereas F and AL treated hens had significantly (p<0.05) the highest Haugh unit values and yolk color grades respectively. F had significantly (p<0.05) lower meat spots incidence than ALC and the control. The same results were observed for ALS compared with the control.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.45-54
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• 2002

본 내용은 미이용수산자원인 우렁쉥이 껍질의 성분상의 특성을 활용하여 착색제, 난각과 타우린 강화제로의 이용방법을 제시함으로서 폐기되고 있는 천연자원의 효율적인 재활용을 도모하는 한편, 합성색소의 생체기능학적 문제점을 해결하고 축산농가의 생산비 절감에 기여함을 그 목적으로 실시하였으며 실험결과는 아래와 같다. 산란계사료에 우렁쉥이 껍질을 1$\sim$5% 첨가했을 때의 산란율과 계란의 무게가 일반사료구(대조구)와 비슷한 경향을 보여 우렝쉥이 껍질첨가가 산란계의 산란성적에 영향이 없는 것으로 나타났다. 난황색도는 우렁쉥이 껍질 최소첨가량인 1$\sim$2% 첨가구에서 이상적인 Roche color fanscore (RCFS) 12$\sim$13 수준을 나타내고 3% 이상의 첨가구에서는 15 이상의 RCFS를 나타내어 첨가량이 증가할수록 카로티노이드의 축적량이 급격히 증가함을 알 수 있었으나 4% 이상에서는 축적률이 저조한 경향을 보였다. 계란 비중과 파괴강도는 일반란인 대조구의 경우는 점차 감소하거나 유지되었으나 우렁쉥이 껍질 첨가구는 급격히 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 이러한 효과는 2주부터 뚜렷하였으며 3주째에는 4% 첨가구의 경우 일반란보다 2.4% 비중이 증가한 것으로 나타나 전체적으로 우렁쉥이 껍질 첨가량이 증가할수록 난각의 파괴강도와 계란비중이 급격히 증가하였으나 4% 이상 첨가구에서는 그 증가폭이 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 계란 타우린 함량은 우렁쉥이 껍질 첨가량이 증가할수록 계란내 단백질 함량은 일정한데 비해 급격히 증가하는 경향을 보여 일반란인 대조구의 경우 18.53$\pm$3.09mg% 정도 함유되어 있는 반면 우렁쉥이 껍질 4% 첨가구인 경우 108.10$\pm$2.44mg% 정도 함유되어 있는 것으로 나타나 사료에 첨가한 우렁쉥이 껍질내 타우린(2.13%)이 계란으로 잘 이행되는 결과를 보였다. 전체 결과에 따라 우렁쉥이 껍질은 첨가량에 따라 산란계 사료용 합성 착색제를 대체할 수 있는 천연 착색제(색소원)로 사용 가능하며 부가적인 효과로 난각 강화 및 타우린이 강화되는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.113-123
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• 1987

본 연구는 백색레그흔 산란계에 있어서 초산후 일령의 1일중 방란시간의 경과가 란중, 란각질, 란형계수에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위하여 1986년 9월 1일부터 1987년 1월 6일까지 약 4개월간에 걸쳐 산란계 150수를 가지고 시험을 실시한 결과, 초산후 일령이 경과함에 따라 방란비율이 오전중에는 감소했고 오후에는 증가했다. 란중은 270일령까지는 증가속도가 빨랐으나 그 이후에는 둔화되었다. 란각두께는 일령이 경과함에 따라 얇아졌고 란각강도도 일령이 경과됨에 따라 저하되었으며 란형계수는 커졌다. 1일중 방란시간이 늦어짐에 따라 란중은 점차 가벼워졌으며 발란시간에 대한 란중의 회귀계수는 -0.6788--0.4170로 방란시간이 1시간 늦어짐에 따라 란중은 0.4170-0.6788g이 가벼워졌다. 란각두께는 방란시간이 1시간 늦어짐에 따라 0.00377-0.00643mm씩 두꺼워졌으며 란각강도는 방란시간이 1시간 늦어짐에 따라 0.0287-0.0349kg/$\textrm{cm}^2$씩 향상되었다. 그러나 란형계수는 방란시간과 서로 상호관계가 없는 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.323-337
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• 2020

This study was conducted to investigate whether adding different levels of raw or differently processed chickpea into different diets of laying quails affected live weight, feed intake, feed efficiency, egg weight and internal and external egg quality. Chickpea was used as raw, autoclaved or microwave-processed, and it was involved in the diets on two different levels (20% and 40%). The sample was divided into 7 groups including the control, 20% and 40% raw, 20% and 40% autoclaved, and 20% and 40% microwave-processed groups. 336 ten-week-old female laying quails were used in the study, and the experiment continued for 19 weeks. In the study, the differences among the groups were insignificant in terms of live weight, feed intake, feed efficiency, egg weight and egg quality characteristics such as shell thickness, shell weight, yolk weight, yolk color and albumin index. The differences were significant in terms of the shape index, Haugh unit (p<0.05) and yolk index (p<0.01). Consequently, it was observed that different thermal processes on chickpeas did not usually have a significant effect on the yield performance of the quails, and the results that were obtained were similar to the other groups. However, it was determined that some egg quality characteristics were affected by the autoclaving and microwaving processes. Between the thermal processes, it may be stated that autoclaving provided better results.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제16권7호
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• pp.1015-1019
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• 2003

A 50 day feeding trial was conducted with White Leghorn (WL) laying hens, 42 weeks old, to determine if feeding of varying levels of aflatoxin (AF), ochratoxin A (OA) or their combinations has any effect on their performance and egg quality parameters. Feeding of $T_4$, $T_7$, $T_8$, $T_9$ and $T_10$ caused significant reduction in feed intake of hens. Hen day egg productions were significantly reduced at all the levels of toxins except 0.5 ppm of AF. Maximum reduction in egg production was noticed at 2 and 4 ppm of AF and OA, respectively. Average body weight and egg weight were not affected by toxin feeding. The feed efficiency in terms of net feed efficiency and feed consumed per dozen egg produced was significantly reduced at higher levels of both the toxins and their combinations. Feed consumption for production of 1 kg egg mass remained uninfluenced due to aflatoxin feeding whereas significant increase in the value of the same was noticed at 4 ppm level of OA and combination of 1 and 2 ppm of AF and 2 and 4 ppm of OA ($T_9$ and $T_10$), respectively. Various levels of OA (1-4 ppm) and all the combination of two toxins ($T_8$, $T_9$ and $T_10$) significantly altered the shape index of eggs in laying hens. The shell thickness was significantly reduced by higher level of AF (2 ppm), OA (2 and 4 ppm) and their combination. Albumen index, Haugh Unit and yolk index remained unchanged due to incorporation of toxins in the diet. It is concluded that AF, OA either singly or in combination at higher levels could depress the performance in terms of egg production and feed efficiency significantly. The egg quality parameters i.e. shape index and shell thickness were also significantly affected.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.203-211
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• 1999

This study was performed to develop brand egg. Forty-four week-old Isa Brown were randomly assigned to 8 treatments and the number of hens were 300 per each group. Experimental period was about 10 weeks. The 8 treatment were as follows : astarich 2%(A), astarich 5%(B), chitch chitosan 2%(C), omega-3 powder 2%(D), pyrogreen 1%(E), greenpia 0.2%(F), hydrogenated soy oil 3%(G) and commercial layer feed(H). Eggs were collected at day 0, 7, 14, 40 and 70 for egg quality analyses. Laying rate was significantly higher in astarich groups(B, C) than ant other group, showing average of 88% of laying rate. In terms of egg factors, whole egg weight was the heaviest in control in control(A) and the lightest in omega-3 powder group(E), while egg yolk weight was the heaviest in astarich group(H). Haugh unit(HU) was the mean of 70 for all treatments and there were no significant differences among the treatments. Egg yolk color was significantly different among treatments during experimental period whenever yolk color was measured. At the day 7 after feeding of experimental diets, the yolk color of astarich 5% group(C) was darker and that of omega-3 powder group(E) lighter. The value of yolk color in astarich 5%(C) and 2%(B) was 14.2 and 12.5, respectively. But the rest of the groups did not show any differences in yolk color, showing mean of 11.5. In terms of shell thickness, shell tended to become thinner, but there were no defferences among treatments during experimental period. The mean value of shell thickness was 0.390mm. In conclusion, astarich groups may seem to produce the best possible quality of brand egg.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.7-12
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• 2000

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of feeding fermented food waste on the egg production and egg qualities in laying hens. A lot of 30 commercial layer(ISA Brown) at the age 58 weeks were placed in individual of 80% commercial feed and 20% fermented food waste(C80%+F20%), a mixture of 50% commercial feed and 50% fermented food waste (C50%+F50%), and a mixture of 20% commercial feed and 80% fermented food waste (C20%+F80%). Daily measurements were made on feed intake, egg production rate, egg weight, yolk color, Haugh unit, shell color during the experimental period. At the end of the experiment, body weight change and egg cholesterol contents were determined. The results indicate that up to 50% of basal diet could be supplied by fermented food waste with little depression in feed intake and efficiency in egg production (p＜0.01). Egg weight, egg shell thickness and Haugh units were not significant different between the treatments and the control. Egg color quality improved with increasing the proportion of the fermented food waste in the diet.