• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.97-106
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• 1989

This experiment was performed to study the acute toxic effects of mereuric chloride(HgCl$_{2}$) in goldfish (Carassius aurams). In the study, Lc$_{50}$ values were determined for each 24, 48, 72 ,and 96-hr and mercury bioassay during the tests were performed. in five parts gill, kidney, liver, muscle and egg. The results isummarized were as follows 1. In the range of acute lethal toxicity for goldfish was 0.15-1.50 mg/l and the Lc$_{50}$ values decreased with exposure time. 2. The Lc$_{50}$ values of HgCl$_{2}$ for goldfish at 24, 48, 72 and 96 hour were 0.64, 0.53, 0.46, and 0.39 mg/l, respectively. 3. In the 400 $\mu$g/l treatment group, the average levels of mercury residues in the gill, kidey, liver, muscle and egg during 96 hour were 107.02 $\mu$g/g, 8.65 $\mu$g/g, 6.87 $\mu$g/g, 0.61 $\mu$g/g, and 0.82 $\mu$g/g, respectively. 4. The mercuny residues of gill was up to 12-175 times greater than mercury contents found in the other tissues.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.137-141
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• 2005

Though many insecticides are commercially available, development of resistance, pest resurgence and effects on non-target organisms led to the search for alternate insect pest management (IPM) strategy based on larval growth and reproductive fitness. Reproductive potential of insects depends on its acquiring of vitellogenic competence which is under hormonal control. Exogenous application of analogues of JR (JHAs) and ecdysterone could derail normal development and reproduction in insects by manipulating an array of physiological processes. In the rice pest, brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens, JHA, hydroprene induced metathetely from the fifth (final) instar nymphs in an age-dependent manner. Day 0 of the final instar showed highest sensitivity to induce this abnormal development. Adults emerged from treated day 3 nymphs looked normal. Both the morphotypes were reproductively incompetent and showed partial to complete sterility. Pre-adult exposure of the ovarian tissue to hydroprene suppressed mitotic division of germinal cells and induced abnormalities in the later s1ages of growth and differentiation of ovary in N. lugens. More over the nymphal exposure to hydroprene inhibited patency changes of follicular epithelium and affected competence of the follicles for yolk sequestration. In the absence of ovarian growth and oocyte differentiation, germarium found disintegrated, trophic core regressed and terminal oocytes resorbed. Hydroprene exposure to newly ecdysed brachypterous females did not affect ovarian development and egg production. Proper larval-adult transition appeared as a. prerequisite for vitellogenic competence in N. lugens for which the ovarian tissues must be exposed to ecdysterone in the internal milieu devoid of JH.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.331-338
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• 1996

This study was conducted to screen the antagonistic plants on northern root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne) and to utilize those in its control. Egg hatching of M. hapla was found to be inhibited by 17 plant methanol extracts, and 11 plant extracts among them were also toxic to M. hapla second stage juvenile. Egg hatching of iW. hapla was also found to be inhibited by squeezed extracts of Cassia tora and Zea mays, and they were also toxic to M. hapla second stage juvenile. Extracts of Achyranthes japonica, Melia axedrach and Acorus graminens were toxic to M. hapla second stage with a juvenile mortality above 70clc at the 10 folds diluted concent ration and A. graminens was toxic to tested juvenile mortality above 50% at the 100 folds diluted concentration. The toxicity was directly propotional to the diluted concentration of the plant extracts and to the exposure period. Punica granatum, Acorns graminens and Melia axedrach were effective in inhibiting root penetration of JW. hapla juveniles, among of them p. granatum is most effective Percent inhibition of penetration by second and third stage juveniles into tomato slants penetrating by it was 72.7 and 82.4%, respectively.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권8호
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• pp.3391-3396
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• 2014

Background: Vitamin D has been suggested as one of the critical factors for female reproductive health with protective activities against different cancers but there are conflicting facts regarding its role on breast cancer without any clear data on premenopausal cases. This study aimed to evaluate the role of vitamin D from dietary sources and sunlight exposure on the incidence of premenopausal breast cancer. Materials and Methods: We conducted a case control study on 60 newly diagnosed premenopausal breast cancer patients and 116 normal women who lived in Sabzevar and surrounding villages in Razavi, Khorasan, a rural and conservative area of Iran. Results: The mean concentrations of 25-OH vitamin D in cases and controls were $15.2{\pm}8.15$ vs $15.5{\pm}7/45ng/ml$, both well below normal values elsewhere. In fact 50% of analyzed individuals showed very severe or severe vitamin D deficiency and the rest (25%) were detected in suboptimal levels. Although the lack of vitamin D and calcium supplementation increased slightly the risk of premenopausal breast cancer (p=0.009, OR=1.115, CI 95%=1.049-1.187), higher prevalence of weekly egg consumption (86.66% vs 96.55%, p=0.023, OR=0.232, CI 95% 0.065-0.806) showed a slight protective role. The last but the most important risk factor was lack of sunlight exposure because the breast cancer patients had total body coverage from sun (p=0.007, OR=10.131, CI 98% 0.314-78.102). Conclusion: This study pointed out the role of vitamin D and other possible risk factors on the development and growth of breast tumors in this special geographical region. Although this study has revealed the interactions between hormonal and environmental factors in this province of Iran, understanding the deficiency pattern and its contribution to other lifestyle factors elsewhere is also necessary.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권7호
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• pp.3253-3260
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• 2014

Background: A case-control study was conducted to evaluate the effect of household exposure, dietary habits, smoking and Glutathione S-Transferases M1, T1 polymorphisms on lung cancer among women in Mizoram, India. Materials and Methods: We selected 230 newly diagnosed primary lung cases and 460 controls from women in Mizoram. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to estimate adjusted odds ratio (OR). Results: Exposure of cooking oil fumes (p<0.003), wood as heating source for cooking (p=0.004), kitchen inside living room (p=0.001), improper ventilated house (p=0.003), roasting of soda in kitchen (p=0.001), current smokers of tobacco (p=0.043), intake of smoked fish (p=0.006), smoked meat (p=0.001), Soda (p<0.001) and GSTM1 null genotype (p=0.003) were significantly associated with increased risk of lung cancer among women in Mizoram. Significantly protective effect was observed for intake of bamboo shoots (p=<0.001) and egg (p<0.001). A clear increase in dose response gradient was observed for total cooking dish years. Risk for lung cancer tends to increase with collegial effect of indoor environmental sources (p=0.022). Significant correlation was also observed for interaction of GST polymorphisms with some of dietary habits. Conclusions: We confirmed the important role of exposure of cooking oil emission and wood smoke, intake of smoked meat, smoked fish and soda (an alkali preparation used as food additives in Mizoram) and tobacco consumption for increase risk of lung cancer among Women in Mizoram.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제51권6호
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• pp.485-492
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• 2009

Estrogen has dramatic effects on the development and function of the reproductive tract in mammals. Although diethylstilbestrol (DES) triggers the development of reproductive organs in immature animals, continued exposure to DES induces dysfunction of the female reproductive tract in mice. To investigate the effects of neonatal estrogen exposure on the reproductive tract of female chickens, we implanted DES pellets into the abdominal region of immature female chicks and then examined the effects of DES on the oviducts of both immature chicks and sexually mature chickens (30 weeks old). DES induced mass growth and differentiation of the oviduct in immature chicks. The chick oviduct increased by 2.7- and 29-fold in length and weight, respectively, following primary DES stimulation. In secondary DES stimulation, the length and weight of the chick oviduct increased by 4.5- and 74-fold, respectively. Additionally, DES treatments caused abnormal development of the infundibulum and magnum in hen oviducts. Furthermore, infundibulum abnormality gave rise to unusual ovulation of follicles and resulted in infertility and dysfunction of the magnum, such as less production of egg white proteins. Our results indicate that DES exposure during early developmental stages in chickens has detrimental effects on the development and maintenance of the female reproductive tract after sexual maturation.

• 비파괴검사학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.31-37
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• 2014

본 논문에서는 가시광 및 근적외선(VIS/NIR) 분광기술을 이용하여 혈란을 비파괴적으로 검출할 수 있는 측정방법을 개발하고자 하였다. 실험에 사용된 혈란 시료는 0.1 mL, 0.07 mL, 0.04 mL, 0.01 mL의 닭의 혈을 인공적으로 노른자 주변에 주입하여 제작하였다. 분석을 위해 사용된 스펙트럼 영역은 471 ~ 1154nm 이었으며, 스펙트럼 해상도는 1.5 nm이었다. 혈란 측정을 위한 두 개 광원의 각도는 30도이었으며 광원과 시료간 거리는 100 mm로 설정하였다. 또한 광원의 열로 인해 시료가 손상되지 않도록 측정을 위한 노출시간은 30 ms으로 설정하였다. 측정된 스펙트럼에 부분최소자승 분류방법(PLS-DA)을 적용하여 선별모델을 개발하였다. 개발된 모델들로 분석한 결과 혈란의 선별 정확도는 0.1 mL, 0.07 mL 0.04 mL, 0.01 mL 혈란 시료에 대해 각각 97.9%, 97.9%, 94.8%, 86.5% 이었다. 가시광 및 근적외선 스펙트럼 기술은 0.04 mL 이상의 혈점이 포함된 혈란을 비파괴적으로 선별 할 수 있는 가능성을 보여 주었다.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.47-53
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• 1999

The effects of methidathion on humoral immune response were studied in BALB/c mice. 0.5 or 5.0 mg/kg/day methidathion were administered orally for 14 days. The parameters examined to assess apparent toxicity of methidathion included changes of body weight, relative weight of spleen, thymus, sidney and liver, and viable spllenic cell numbers. To evaluate the humoral immune response, thymus, kidney and liver, and viable splenic cell numbers. To evaluate the humoral immune resopnse, the plaque forming cell(PFC) responses sheep the red blood cells (SRBC) and the lovels of serum IgG to hen egg lysozyme (HEL) were determined. No alterations were observed in changes of body weights, relative organ weights and the numbers of viable splenocytes by exposure to any dose of methidathion. At the dose of 0.5mg/kg only PFC response was decreased, whereas both PFC response and the level of serum IgG were decreased significantly at the dose of 5.0 mg/kg. These results indicate that exposure to methidathion may cause sup[pression of humoral immune reponse in mice without overt changed in lymphoid organ weight or viability of splenocytes.

• 환경생물
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.456-462
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to assess cross-generational effects of bisphenol A exposure in benthic copepods, Tigriopus west. Nauplii (<24 hours old) were exposed to graded concentrations of bisphenol A, and toxicity end-points such as survival, development, sex ratio, and fecundity were measured. $F_1$ generations were grown under innoxious conditions, and similarly assessed. Significant differences were observed in development of nauplii and copepodites, between exposed and non-exposed copepods; however, there were no differences in survival of nauplii or copepodites, sex ratio, or brooding rate in parental generation. In contrast, in the $F_1$ generation, there were significant differences between the control group and exposed group in survival and development of nauplii. Length, width, and biomass of parental and $F_1$ generations were reduced in the exposed group compared to the control group. In addition, some deformities, such as swelling of the prosome, abnormally shaped egg sac, and dwarfism were observed after exposure to bisphenol A. So, our study demonstrates that a cross-generation toxicity test and monitoring of morphological deformities in harpacticoid copepods, can be useful for development of potential bioindicators for environmental monitoring, and assessment of chemical impact.

• 한국패류학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.263-272
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• 2013

고랑가리비의 산란을 유도하고 수정난의 발생과 유생의 성장과정을 조사하였다. 산란자극 방법으로 광 자극, 간출 자극, 온도 자극, 그리고 간출 후 온도자극을 수온 $16{\pm}0.5^{\circ}C$에서 각각 실시하였다. 광 자극은 암컷 1마리당 700-900천개, 온도 자극은 700-800천개로 적은 산란량을 보인 반면 간출 자극은 700-1,200천개로 높았으며 간출 자극 후 온도자극이 1,000-1,500천개로 가장 높은 산란량을 보였다. 수정율에 있어 광 자극은 암컷 1마리당 71.7%, 온도자극은 73.4%, 간출 자극이 73.6%이었으며 간출 자극 후 온도자극은 76.3%로 가장 높았으나 자극방법에 따른 수정율의 유의적인 차이는 없었다. 수정란부터 D상 유생으로의 수온별 발생과정을 조사하기 위하여 비이커에 ml당 1,000개의 수정란을 수용하고 각각 $8^{\circ}C$, $12^{\circ}C$, $16^{\circ}C$, $20^{\circ}C$ 및 $24^{\circ}C$에서 D상 유생으로 발생하는 생존율을 광학현미경을 사용하여 30분 간격으로 관찰한 결과, $8^{\circ}C$와 $24^{\circ}C$의 실험군이 4.1%와 3.2%로 생존율이 낮은 편이었으며 $16^{\circ}C$에서 32.7%로 가장 높은 생존율을 보여주었다. 수정란의 크기는 $72{\pm}2.1{\mu}m$, 담륜자 유생은 $103{\pm}3.8{\mu}m$, D상 유생은 $129{\pm}10.4{\mu}m$, 각정기 유생은 $145{\pm}16.8{\mu}m$, 후기 유생은 $197{\pm}13.6{\mu}m$이었으며 528시간 후에 각장 $245{\pm}15.8{\mu}m$의 초기 부착종묘로 성장하였다.