• Ocean Systems Engineering
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.367-384
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• 2023

Herein, we present the design and development of an efficient finite element analysis model for thermal plate forming in shipbuilding. Double curvature shells in the ship building industries are primarily formed through the thermal forming technique. Thermal forming involves heating of steel plates using heat sources like oxy-acetylene gas torch, laser, and induction heating, etc. The differential expansion and contraction across the plate thickness cause plastic deformation and bending of plates. Thermal forming is a complex forming technique as the plastic deformation and bending depends on many factors such as peak temperature, heating and cooling rate, depth of heated zone and many other secondary factors. In this work, we develop an efficient finite element analysis model for the thermo-mechanical analysis of thermal forming. Different simulations are reported to study the effect of various parameters affecting the process. Temperature dependent properties are used in the analysis and the finite element analysis model is used to identify the critical flame velocity to avoid recrystallization of plate material. A spring connected plate is modeled for structural analysis using spring elements and that helps in identifying the resultant shapes of various thermal forming patterns. Finally, detailed simulation results are reported to establish the efficacy, applicability and efficiency of the designed and developed finite element analysis model.

• Clinical Endoscopy
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.128-135
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• 2022

Background/Aims: Recent reports suggest that the biliary self-expandable metallic stent (SEMS) is highly effective for maintaining hemostasis when endoscopic hemostasis fails in endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)-related bleeding. We compared whether temporary SEMS offers better efficacy than angioembolization for refractory immediate ERCP-related bleeding. Methods: Patients who underwent SEMS placement or underwent angioembolization for bleeding control in refractory immediate ERCP-related bleeding were included in the retrospective analysis. We evaluated the hemostasis success rate, severity of bleeding, change in hemoglobin levels, amount of transfusion, and delay to the start of hemostasis. Results: A total of 27 patients with SEMS and 13 patients who underwent angioembolization were enrolled. More transfusions were needed in the angioembolization group (1.0±1.4 units vs. 2.5±2.0 units; p=0.034). SEMS failure was successfully rescued by angioembolization. The partially covered SEMS (n=23, 85.1%) was generally used, and the median stent-indwelling time was 4 days. The mean delay to the start of angioembolization was 95.2±142.9 (range, 9-491) min. Conclusions: Temporary SEMS had similar results to those of angioembolization (96.3% vs. 92.3%; p=0.588). Immediate SEMS insertion is considered a bridge treatment modality for immediate refractory ERCP-related bleeding. Angioembolization still has a role as rescue therapy when SEMS does not work effectively.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.416-422
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• 2004

Efficacy of surface sterilization and physicochemical properties of electrolyzed water manufactured depending on electrolyte, materials, and type of electrolytic diaphragm used were investigated. Physical properties of electrolyzed water manufactured from diaphragm system showed the highest effectiveness under at distance between diaphragms of 1.0 mm and 20% NaCl supplying rate of 6 mL/min. ORP, HClO (should defined) content, and pH at above conditions were 1,170 mV, 100 ppm, and 2.5, respectively. Two-stage electrolyzed system was more effective than one-stage one. Electrolyzed water manufactured from non-diaphragm system at 4 mL/min supplying rate of 20% NaCl was similar to the most effective diaphragm system, whereas ORP, HClO content, and pH were 800 mV, 200 ppm, and 9, respectively. Sealed electrolyzed water could be preserved more than one month at room temperature with ORPs of 750 and 1,150 mV in non-diaphragm and diaphragm systems, respectively, and at HClO content of 100 ppm. Physicochemical properties of electrolyzed water manufactured from electrolytic diaphragm of $IrO_{2}$ and Pt+Ir were more effective than that of Pt. ORP and HClO contents of electrolyzed water manufactured from various electrolytes were high in order of NaCl>KCl>$CaCl_{2}$, whereas no differences were observed among electrolytes in sterilization efficacy. Twelve kinds of microorganisms tested (initial total count, $10^{5}-10^{6}CFU/mL$) were sterilized within 1-2 min by electrolyzed water.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.127-134
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• 1985

Battery trial with 240 broiler chicks of Hubbard strain was conducted for a period of 2 weeks in order to compare the anticoccidical efficacy of polyether ionophorous antibiotics ; Maduramicin ammonium, Monensin and Salinomyc in sodium. The criteria used in these anticoccidial efficacy studies were anticoccidial index, growth rate, feed efficiency, mortality, lesion score and the number of oocysts produced after artificial inoculation with 70,000 sporulated oocysts of Eimeria tenella(90%) and E.necatrix (10%) to each bird. The result obtained are summarized as follow: 1. All groups medicated anticoccidial feed additives improved body weight gain and feed efficiency. However, it was found that the group medicated with Maduramicin showed better body weight gain (352.5 and 648.8 g) and feed efficiency(1.603 and 1.680) during the first and the second week experiments, 2. The mortality rate(4.2%) and lesion scores (1.72) of Maduramicin medicated group, from artificial coccidiosis were comparatively lower than those of other two medicated groups, 3. It was also found that oocyst output (0.25 ${\times}$ 10$^4$) in Maduramicin medicated group were lower than those of other two groups. 4. Anticoccidial indexes during the first week were 177.9 in Maduramicin medica-group, 158.7 in Salinomycin medicated group, 141.6 in Monensin medicated group and 78.0 in infected, nonmedicated group as compared with 200.0 in noninfected, nonmedicated group (NNC) 5. Anticoccidial indexes during the second week were 201.1 in Maduramicin group 184.0 in infected, nonmedicated group as compared with 200.0 in noninfected, nonmedicated group (NNC).

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.65-72
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• 2014

Objectives : The objective of this study was to evaluate the treatment duration and adherence of osmotic-controlled release oral delivery system (OROS) methylphenidate for treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Methods : A total of 843 children with ADHD were recruited : 213 children (25.3%) who had previously taken medications for ADHD and 630 drug-na$\ddot{i}$ve children (74.7%) were recruited. The dosage was adjusted according to the clinician's judgment. The primary efficacy endpoint of this study was treatment retention rate, which was estimated at Week 12 and Week 20 using the Kaplan-Meier curve. The Swanson, Nolan and Pelham-IV (SNAP-IV), Clinical Global Impression-Severity (CGI-S), Clinical Global Impression-Improvement, and the side effect rating scale were measured at every visit. Remission rates were presented based on SNAP-IV and CGI-S, respectively. Results : The treatment retention rate at 12 weeks and at 20 weeks was 76.2% and 66.8%, respectively. Divided according to 6-8, 9-11, 12-14 and 15-18 years of age, younger children tended to show a statistically higher treatment retention rate (p=.02). Based on SNAP-IV and CGI scores, children with better response to medication showed tendencies of statistically higher treatment retention rate. The most common adverse events included loss of appetite (7.1%) and insomnia (3.3%). There was no serious adverse event related to the treatment, such as death. Conclusion : The use of OROS methylphenidate for treatment of ADHD was safe and tolerable for children. In this study, lower age and better treatment response showed a statistically significant relationship with higher treatment adherence. Boys showed a trend of high treatment adherence. The treatment adherence at 20 weeks was satisfactory, however, the treatment adherence after 20 weeks showed a sharp decrease. Therefore, treatment persistence for six months after the beginning of ADHD treatment is important. In addition, the positive role of psycho-education for children and parents is necessary for increasing treatment adherence.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.69 no.4
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• pp.250-255
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• 2010

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate recently developed real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay kit to detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) and nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) in respiratory specimens. Methods: We assessed the positive rate of the real-time PCR assay to detect MTB and NTM in 87 culture-positive specimens (37 sputum, 50 bronchial washing), which were performed real-time PCR by using $Real-Q_{TM}$ MTB&NTM Kit from January 2009 to June 2009, at Gyeongsang University Hospital. To compare the efficacy with the TB-PCR assay, we evaluated 63 culture-positive specimens (19 sputum, 44 bronchial washing) for MTB or NTM, which were performed TB-PCR by using ABSOLUTETM MTB II PCR Kit from March 2008 to August 2008. Results: Among 87 specimens tested using real-time PCR, MTB and NTM were cultured in 58 and 29, respectively. The positive rate of real-time PCR assay to detect MTB was 71% (22/31) and 92.6% (25/27) in AFB stain-negative and stain-positive specimens. For NTM, the positive rate of real-time PCR was 11.1% (2/18) and 72.7% (8/11) in AFB stain-negative and stain-positive specimens. Among 63 specimens performed using TB-PCR, MTB and NTM were cultured in 46 and 17, respectively. The positive rate of TB-PCR was 61.7% (21/34) and 100% (12/12) in AFB stain-negative and stain-positive specimens. TB-PCR was negative in all NTM-cultured 17 specimens. Conclusion: TB/NTM real-time PCR assay is useful to differentiate MTB and NTM in AFB stain-positive respiratory specimens and it is as effective in detecting MTB with TB-PCR.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.247-253
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• 2000

This study was undertaken to optimize enucleation and reconstitution methods for the production of cloned mice by somatic cell nuclear transfer Outbred ICR mouse oocytes at the metapahse- II stage were retrieved from female mice superovulated by PMSG and hCG. In Experiment 1, oocytes were enucleated in medium supplemented with cytochalasin B (CCB) of 3 levels (0, 7.5 or 15 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL), and higher rate of encleation was obtained at 7.5 and 15 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL than at $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL. In Experiment 2, oocytes enucleated in 7.5 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL CCB-containing medium were reconstituted with different types of somatic cell by following methods; 1) cumulus cells by direct cell injection, 2) cumulus cells by electric fusion (1.25 kV/cm, 2 pulses for each 70 $mutextrm{s}$) or 3) STO cells by the electrofusion. Electrofusion of STO cells with enucleated oocytes yielded the greatest (P<0.05) rate of reconstitution without lysis (76%) than any other combinations. Although significant decrease in the rate of somatic cell introduction was found, the electrofusion of cumulus cells yielded better rate of reconstitution than direct injection (0 vs. 18%). In Experiment 3, the duration of electric stimulation for the fusion was changed to either 50 $mutextrm{s}$ or 90 $mutextrm{s}$, but no significant improvement of reconstitution efficacy was obtained. In conclusion, this study showed that ICR mouse oocytes could be used for the production of reconstituted oocytes and a fusion method of 1.25 KV/cm with 2 pulses using 570 cell was the optimal.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.239-244
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• 1998

The purpose of this study is compare IVF cycle outcome in poor responders between clomiphene citrate (CC) stimulated and controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) protocol. A total of 94 patients responding poorly in previous IVF cycles (estradiol<600 pg/ml or less than 3 oocytes retrieved) subsequently underwent either COH (COH group: 122 cycles, 68 patients) or CC-stimulated cycles (CC group: 43 cycles, 26 patients). CC was administered for five consecutive days starting on cycle day 3 at a dose of 100 mg daily. Serial transvaginal ultrasound examination was done from cycle day 8. Urine was collected $3\sim4$ times before hCG injection for the detection of LH surge. The hCG was administered when serum estradiol reached greater than 150 pg/ml and mean follicle diameter>16 mm. In COH group, ovarian stimulation was done using short protocol (GnRH-a/FSH/HMG/hCG). No difference in age or number of transferred embryos was found between CC group and COH group. COH group had significantly (p<0.05) higher mean peak level of $E_2$ ($810{\pm}112$ vs $412{\pm}55$ pg/ml) and greater number of retrieved oocytes ($3.0{\pm}0.2$ vs $2.0{\pm}0.2$) than CC group. CC group had transferred embryos $(1.8{\pm}0.2)$ compared with $(2.1{\pm}0.2)$ in COH group. However, CC group had higher pregnancy rate than COH group per retrieval [26.9% (7/26) vs 6.2% (6/97)], or per transfer [31.8% (7/22) vs 7% (6/86)]. Although cycle cancellation rate in CC group (48.8%) was higher than that of COH group (21.3%), the pregnancy rate per cycle in CC group was still higher (16.3%) than COH group (4.9%). In addition, implantation rate in CC group was 17.5% (7/40), which was significantly (p<0.01) higher than 3.9% (7/180) in COH group. These data suggest that oocyte and embryo quality are lower in COH cycles of poor responders than CC cycles. We suggest that clomiphene citrate stimulated IVF cycle may be more efficient than COH IVF cycle in poor responders in terms of lower costs and higher pregnancy performance.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.266-272
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• 2018

Background: Limited comparative data are available on the efficacy of cryoablation versus radiofrequency ablation in patients with atrial fibrillation. This study aimed to compare radiofrequency ablation and cryoablation with regard to clinical outcomes and the restoration of sinus rhythm or atrial contractility. Methods: A total of 239 patients who underwent surgical ablation between August 2003 and December 2016 at our institution were included. The patients were divided into 2 groups according to the energy device that was used (group A: n=140, radiofrequency ablator; group B: n=99, cryoablator). Echocardiographic data, overall survival, and major cardiovascular and cerebrovascular event (MACCE)-free survival were compared between the 2 groups. Results: At 1 year of follow-up, the atrial contractility recovery rate was 32.2% (19 of 59) in group A and 48.8% (21 of 44) in group B. In addition, cryoablation was found to be a predictive factor for the recovery of atrial contractility (cryoablation vs. radiofrequency ablation: odds ratio, 2.540; 95% confidence interval, 1.063-6.071; p=0.036). The left ventricular ejection fraction was significantly higher in group B ($53.1%{\pm}11.5%$ vs. $59.1%{\pm}6.3%$, p=0.001). The median follow-up duration was 36 months. The 5-year overall survival rate was $80.1%{\pm}3.6%$ in group A and $92.1%{\pm}2.9%$ in group B (p=0.400). The 5-year MACCE-free survival rate was $70.3%{\pm}4.0%$ in group A and $70.9%{\pm}5.6%$ in group B (p=0.818). Conclusion: Cryoablation was associated with a higher atrial contractility restoration rate and better left ventricular function than radiofrequency ablation. However, no significant relationship was observed between the energy source and overall or MACCE-free survival.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.1339-1348
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• 1999

In present study possible hypolipidemic effects of garlic were investigated in an experimental model which consisted of 4 groups of Wistar rats(three weeks old): CO group received a basal diet(as a standard diet) contained 6.3% of corn oil. LO group was taken the experimental diet in which only 6.3% corn oil in basal diet was substituted by 12.6% of lard oil. So the experimental diet was somewhat high saturated fat diet. LG1 group was treated orally with garlic juice as 1% of raw garlic in the diet together with the same diet as the diet for LO group. LG2 group was taken 2% of garlic under the same dietary condition as that of LG1 group. The rat body weights prior and posterior to the experimental period were measured and the amount of the experimental dietary intake was determined at every 3 day interval. After the experimental dietary period of 30 days the blood obtained from all the sacrificed rats were analyzed for the biochemical parameters. Over the one month period of experiment there was no abnormality or apparent change in appearance and activity or diet consumption in all experimental rat groups. LO group fed a diet rich in lard showed significantly increased body weight gain rate by 30% and also elevated levels of triglyceride, total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol by 29.9%, 27.4% and 62.3% respectively and no significant difference in the levels of HDL cholesterol, GOT, GPT, blood glucose and blood urea nitrogen as compared to those of control group. So it seemed that the high calorie diet in LO group mainly contributed to the significant increase in body weight gain rate and other biochemical parameters. In spite of 1% garlic treatment LG1 group had significantly increased body weight gain rate by 25.2%, levels of triglyceride, total choesterol and LDL cholesterol by 25.2%, 24.6% and 50.5% respectively as compared to control and LO group, and no increase in the levels of HDL cholesterol, blood glucose and blood urea nitrogen. At garlic 1% diet there was no hypolipidemic efficacy in rat serum. Under the treatment with garlic 2% in diet LG2 group showed significantly increased body weight gain rate by 19.7% as compared to control and elevated levels of GOT, GPT and BUN by 85.8~96.4%, 127~148% and 88% respectively as compared to control, but LG2 group had significantly reduced levels of triglyceride, total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol as compared to LOand LG1 group. In present study there were no significant change in HDL cholesterol and blood glucose value. In LG2 group GOT, GPT and blood urea nitrogen values were slightly increased presumably due to the inhibiting effects of garlic on the hepatic or renal function of rats. Nevertheless in this study garlic may have some demonstrable hypolipidemic effects in rat.