• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.45-60
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to set related variables for leadership measurement in the leader of a community organization as an effort to Community development constantly. Therefore, in this study, first, various theories on leadership were reviewed. Second, approaches and variable relationships were reviewed by leadership theory study. Third, leadership measurement variables were set based on Bass's Transformational theory, one of new trend theory, to measure the leadership of the community organization leader. As a follow up, clear and scientific analysis, through empirical analysis, based on the variables set in this study will be made to measure leadership of a community organization after creating investigation tools based on the variables set in this study A literature study was mainly used. 'Human Behavior' by Dr Han-geom Lee, 'Leadership Theory' by Eung-seop Shin, many other related books, articles of the Human Relation Organization Association, and theses and Bass's writings. Major findings of this study, through the literature study, were as follows. As conventional leadership theories, characteristics theory, behavior theory and situational leadership theory were proposed. First, characteristics theory searches the characteristics of an effective leader. It proposes that effective leaders and ineffective leaders have different characteristics, respectively. Therefore, it proposes to study the leader's characteristics. However, there is not a flexed definition for leader's characteristics. Scholars make different definition on leader's characteristics, and they are very subjective. Thus it cannot be a valid theory. Second, behavior theory describes how the leader behaves to his fellows. It studies leader's behavior focusing on what type and what combination is the most effective in all situations. However, it has weakness in that it focuses on a leader's behavior only, and ignores the situational features. Third, situational theory describes the relationship between leadership type and situation. It suggests that there is not a single leadership style that can suit all situations. It emphasizes the relationship between leadership type and situation. Although situational theory considers more variables than characteristics theory or behavior theory, it also sees situations as static and flxed. Although Fiedler's theory tried to comply with situations, he did not analyze interactions between a leader and his fellows.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.179-190
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• 2009

금융 산업에서, 의사결정나무 분석은 분류분석을 위해서 널리 사용되는 분석기법이다. 그러나 금융 산업에서 실제로 의사결정나무 분석을 적용할 때, 발생하는 문제점 중 하나는 설명변수의 수가 너무 많다는 점이다. 따라서 모형의 결과에 별 영향을 미치지 않으면서 설명변수의 수를 줄이는 효과적인 방법을 연구할 필요가 있다. 본 연구에서는 의사결정 나무 분석에서 모형의 정확성에 근거한 최선의 변수 선택 방법을 구하기 위하여 다양한 변수 선택방법들을 비교 분석 하였다. 이를 위하여 본 연구에서는 한 보험회사의 연금 보험 상품 자료에 다양한 설명변수 축소방법을 적용하여, 가장 적은 수의 설명변수를 가지고 가장 높은 정확도를 제공하여 주는 설명변수 축소방법을 구하는 실증적인 연구를 시행하였다. 이러한 실험결과, 신경망의 민감도 분석을 이용하여 변수를 축소하고, 그 축소된 변수를 이용하여 의사결정나무 분석 모델을 생성하는 경우가 가장 효율적인 설명변수 축소방법임을 알 수 있었다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.367-377
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of essential oil on oxidative stress, immunity, and skin condition in atopic dermatitis (AD) induced mice. Methods: This study was a $3{\times}3$ factorial design. Factors were oil type (Lavender, Thyme, and 2:1 mixture of lavender and thyme oil [blending oil]) and treatment period (0 day, 7 days, and 21 days). The samples were 45 mice with AD and randomly assigned to nine groups of five mice per group. The dependent variables such as superoxide radical, IgE, degranulated mast cells, and epidermal thickness were measured. Data were collected from February to April in 2014. Descriptive statistics, One-way ANOVA, Two-way ANOVA, and Tukey's HSD test were performed using the SPSS WIN 20.0 program. Results: Dependent variables were not statistically significantly different by the three oil types (p >.05). Essential oils such as lavender, thyme, and blending oil were all effective in reducing AD symptoms and especially 2:1 blending oil were most effective. There were statistically significant differences by the three treatment periods in all dependent variables (p <.001). There were statistically significant interactions between oil types and treatment periods in all dependent variables (p <.01). For decreasing superoxide radical, degranulated mast cells, and epidermal thickness, 2:1 mixed oil should be applied for at least 21 days. Otherwise to reduce IgE, 2:1 mixed oil should be used for at least 7 days. Conclusion: These findings provide bases for developing effective interventions for AD patients to manage their AD symptoms.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.309-325
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• 1997

In order to set the lasing variables and evaluate, clinically, the therapeutic effects of a pulsed Nd:YAG laser on oral lesion, the author applied the laser energy from a fiberoptic delivered, free running, pulsed Nd:YAG laser (wavelength 1064nm, Pulse duration 120$\mu$sec, fiber diameter 200$\mu$m/320$\mu$m) to 22 cases of oral soft tissue lesions and 6 cases of oral hard tissue lesions. The obtained results were as follows : 1. The effective excision with contact mode and the effective hemostasis of accompanied bleeding with noncontact mode were occurred by lasing on oral soft tissue lesions with fiber diameter of 320$\mu$m under the variables of 2.0~4.0W and 20~50Hz which were controlled into high power/low pulses for excision, low power/high pulses for hemostasis, low power in granulation tissue and high power in fibrous tissue according to therapeutic goals and tissue conditions. 2. About 50% of decreasing effect on hypersensitivity was occurred by lasing with non-contact and contact mode on cervical abrasion which caused dentinal hypersensitivity with fiber diameter of 320$\mu$m under the variables of 0.7 - 1.0W and 10Hz which were applied 2~3 times with 1 week interval. 3. The effective sterilization of infected root canal and lesion of periapical abscess was occurred by lasing with contact and spiral modes on wall of root canal and periapical abscess with fiber diameter of 200$\mu$m of which the tip was placed about 1mm shorter than root canal length under the variables of 1.OW and 10Hz.

• 콘크리트학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.209-219
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• 1999

본 연구와 관련한 이전의 연구에서는 기존연구에서 제시한 설계식 및 현행의 ACI 규준식에 대한 문제점을 분석하고 그 결과에 의해 비부착 긴장재의 극한응력을 평가할 수 있는 새로운 설계식을 제시하였다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 설계식에서 제안된 주요변수가 비부착 긴장재의 응력에 미치는 영향을 분석하기 위하여 총 14개의 실험체를 제작하여 실험을 수행하였다. 실험에 사용된 변수는 유효프리스트레스, 콘크리트 강도, 긴장재 양, 일반철근 양, 작용하중 형태, 스팬/춤 비 등이다. 실험결과에서는 유효프리스트레스가 증가하면 증가할수록, 그리고 긴장재 및 일반철근의 양이 증가할수록 긴장재의 응력증가량은 감소함을 알았다. 그리고 콘크리트 강도 및 작용하중의 형태도 긴장재의 응력에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 스팬/춤 비가 높은 경우에 현행의 ACI 규준식과는 상이하게 스팬/춤 비가 긴장재의 응력에 미치는 영향이 미미미한 것으로 나타났다.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제49권5호
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• pp.129-142
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effective variables which influence family strengths. In particular, influencing variables were analyzed according to sex, generation, and family pattern. There were 703 participants aged over 20 years in Gwangju and Seoul. All participants completed a questionnaire and the data were analyzed using SPSS. The results were as follows: 1. The average scores of family strengths were higher than the median. Regarding subdimensions, 'value system sharing' had the lowest score. 2. Family strengths were related to its subdimension and some variables. 3. Family strengths were influenced by living condition, self-esteem, depression, the cognition of family function, and family value orientations. However, the influencing variables were different according to sex, generation, and family patterns. In conclusion, in order to improve family strengths, it is necessary to develop 'value system sharing', enhance self-esteem, and reduce depression. Further, when we deal with family strengths, it is necessary to vary methodology.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.525-527
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• 1999

Many types of chemical data tend to be characterized by many measured variables on each of a few observations. In this situation, target concentration can be predicted using multivariate statistical modeling. However, it is necessary to use a few variables considering size and cost of instrumentation, for an example, for development of a portable biomedical instrument. This study presents, with a spectral data set of total hemoglobin in whole blood, the possibility that modeling using only a few variables can improve predictability compared to modeling using all of the variables. Predictability from the model using three wavelengths selected from all possible regression method was improved, compared to the model using whole spectra (whole spectra: SEP = 0.4 g/dL, 3-wavelengths: SEP=0.3 g/dL). It appears that the proper selection of variables can be more effective than using whole spectra for determining the hemoglobin concentration in whole blood.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.550-562
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to test the Theory of Planned Behavior in the prediction of contraceptive behavior among married women. This study used a descriptive correlational design to examine the relationships among the study variables. Eighty married women in Seoul and Kyungki-do participated in this study, Research instruments used were the tool for measuring TPB variables search as attitude toward contraception, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, and intention ; and the tool for measuring contraceptive behavior. The former was modified by the researcher according to Ajzen & Fishbein(1980)'s guidelines for tool development and Jee (1993)'s tool. The latter was developed by the researcher Data was collected from July 20, 1996 to October 25, 1996. The results are as follows ; The three factors, attitude, subjective norm and perceived behavioral control of contraception can explain 30% of the variance in contraceptive intention. Inspection of path coefficient for each of the three predictor variables revealed that subjective norm and perceived behavioral control were the predictor variables on intention, while attitude was not. ; and intention and percevied behavioral control factors can explain 42% of the variance in contraceptive behavior. Inspection of path coefficient for each of the two predictor variables revealed that intention and perceived behavioral control were the predictor variables on behavior. In conclusion, this study identified that Theory of Planned Behavior was a useful model in the prediction of contraceptive behavior, and the contraceptive service program based on the TPB variables would be an effective nursing intervention for the change in contraceptive behavior.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.105-120
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to examine dimensions related to effective managerial actions in association with effects of resourcefulness personal and managerial communications and condition s for effective home management on the basis of managerial process. Including elements of managerial process conditions for effective home management were divided into the four factors performance-condition dichotomy timing high level and middle range. In conclusion first the managerial process for effective management can be classified into the four conditions related to each other. That was termed as 'conditions for effective home management' Second the most influential variables on conditions for effective home management were personal and managerial communication. The four conditions for effective home management need to include communicaion. Third resuorcefulness was a crucial factor in relation to home management resources division. It is recommedned that resuorcefulness needs to de elop managerial actions of housewives.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.401-412
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• 2015

Objective : The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of hip joint exercises and orthotics on RCSP, ankle's range of motion, and core muscle strength of middle school students with pes planus. Method : Out of the original pool of 200 students, 60 students with pes planus (RCSP < -2) were selected for the study. The selected 60 students were then divided into four groups. The first group was a combined orthotics and exercise group (12 students), the second was the orthotics-only group (9 students), the third was the exercise-only group (8 students), and the last was the control group (10 students). Exercise groups worked out twice a week for 60 minutes per session over 8 weeks. The independent variables were corrective hip joint exercises and orthotics. The dependant variables consisted of kinematic and kinetic variables. The kinematic variables were RCSP, and ankle's range of motion (dorsiflexion and plantarflexion). The kinetic variables were muscles forces that consist in core muscle strength, which are hip joint adduction, abduction, and flexion muscles forces. Statistical analysis was performed via SPSS 18.0 with multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) and a paired t-test was used. Results : The left foot was more responsive to the treatments, both exercise and orthotics, than the right foot. RCSP improved significantly in the left foot for the first and third groups. Only the first group significantly improved hip joint adduction, abduction, and flexion muscles' strengths. As for the ankle's range of motion of the left foot, plantarflexion showed improvement when treated with exercise, orthotics, or both. Conclusion : This study found that exercise is more effective in correcting RCSP and foot orthotics is more effective in reinforcing core muscle strength. Future studies should expand on these results to examine the relationship between the ankle, hip, and pelvis.