• Journal of KIISE:Computer Systems and Theory
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• v.26 no.9
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• pp.1073-1082
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• 1999

본 논문에서는 시스템 내의 프로세서들을 효과적으로 사용하기 위한 적응적 프로세서 할당 정책을 제안한다. 프로그램의 병렬성을 향상시키기 위하여 일반적으로 병렬 처리에 사용될 프로세서 개수를 증가시킨다. 그러나 증가된 프로세서들은 그레인 크기에 변화를 일으키며 이는 캐쉬 성능에 영향을 미친다. 특히 대역이 제한된 공유 버스를 사용하는 시스템에서는 프로세서 개수의 증가는 공유 버스에 대한 접근 경쟁을 크게 증가하므로 버스에서 대기하는 시간이 프로세서 증가에 의한 계산 능력 이득을 상쇄시키는 주요한 원인이 되고 있다. 본 논문에서 제안한 적응적 프로세서 할당 정책은 프로그램이 수행되는 도중에 임의의 기간동안 공유버스에 대기중인 프로세서 분포에 관한 정보를 얻는다. 그리고 이 정보를 바탕으로 프로세서 개수를 변경하는 방법이다. 모의 시험에서 적응적 프로세서 할당 정책은 프로그램들의 버스 트래픽 특성에 따른 최적의 적합한 프로세서 개수를 발견함을 보인다. 그리고 적응적 프로세서 할당 정책은 고정된 프로세서 개수를 사용한 가장 좋은 성능보다는 다소 떨어진 성능을 나타내었으나 시스템의 프로세서 활용성을 높여 효과적 시스템 사용에 기여함을 보인다. Abstract In this paper, the adaptive processor allocation policy is suggested to make effective use of processors in system. To enhance the parallelism, the number of processors used in the parallel computing may be increased. However, increasing the number of processors affects the grain size of the parallel program. Therefore, it affects the cache performance. In particular, when the shared bus is employed, since increasing the number of processors can result in a significant amount of contention to achieve the shared-bus, the increased computing power is offset by the bus waiting time due to these contentions. The adaptive processor allocation policy acquires the information about the distribution of waiting processors on shared bus for any execution period of programs. And it changes the number of processors working in parallel processing during the program's run. Our simulation results show that the adaptive processor allocation policy finds the optimum feasible number of processors based on the bus traffic characteristic of programs. Thus, it contributes to effective system utilization, even though it performs slightly less efficiently than using a fixed number of processors with the best performance.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.123-132
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• 2014

Purpose: The discovery of mirror neuron system may positively affect functional recovery; therefore, rehabilitation is needed that is practical for use in clinical settings. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of action observation training on upper motor function in people who had suffered strokes. Methods: Three elderly patients with stroke, aged to years, were recruited from a stroke rehabilitation center. A nonconcurrent, multiple baseline subject approach was taken, with an A-B-A treatment single-subject experimental design, and the experiment was conducted for 3 weeks. The action observation training was repeated 5 times in 5 days during the intervention period. The arm function, including WMFT, BBT, and grip and pinch strength, was evaluated in each subject 5 times during the baseline period, the intervention period, and the baseline regression period. Results: The results of the evaluation for each subject were presented as mean values and video graphs. The WMFT scores of 2 subjects were improved during the intervention period in comparison with the baseline period, and this improvement was maintained even during the regression baseline period. The BBT and the grip and pinch strength were not improved. Conclusion: Based on these results, we suggest that the action observation training for 5 sessions was effective in improving upper limb function of stroke patients but was not effective in improving hand dexterity or grip and pinch strength.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.307-314
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• 2012

This paper examines the characteristics and status of the major development policies for under-developed region by ministries and studies how the awareness or perspective of public officials on such policies impact the policy environment. This paper aims to redefine the goal and strategy of regional development policy so that it can effectively contribute to enhancing the quality of life of residents and improving competitiveness of the region. The problems and improvement direction found out through a documentational and practical research on the development policy for underdeveloped region can be summarized as follows: Firstly, more streamlined and integrated policies which are currently fragmented being implemented by different ministries are needed to enhance the effectiveness of policy execution. Secondly, improvements on the process of securing government funding and operating systems are needed to guarantee the rational standard of providing state subvention, the expansion of comprehensive subsidy and the independence of policy execution. Thirdly, amendments on the policy measures are needed to support the development and execution of the customized projects, strengthen cooperation among those projects by establishing a system for effective regional development project.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.14 no.12
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• pp.17-24
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• 2009

More recently, the Green Computing have become a important issue in all fields of industry. The energy efficiency cannot be over-emphasized. Microprocessor companies such as Intel Corporation design processors with taking both energy efficiency and performance into account. Nevertheless, general computer users typically utilize the CPU overclocking to enhance the application performance. The overclocking is traditionally considered as an evil in terms of the power consumption. In this paper, we present effective CPU overclocking schemes, which raise CPU frequency while keeping current CPU supply voltage for energy reduction and performance improvement. The proposed scheme gain both energy reduction and performance improvement. Evaluation results show that our proposed schemes reduce the processor execution time as much as 17% and total computer system energy as much as 5%, respectively. In addition, our effective CPU overclocking schemes reduce the Energy Delay Product (EDP) as much as 22%, on average.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2005.05b
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• pp.44-51
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• 2005

Water flow in rivers during flood season can be 10 to 100 fold higher than normal seasons (low precipitation) in Japan and predicting flood runoff is essential for operating reservoirs with discharging gates. Abundant experiences and knowledge are requisites for operators to be able to make efficient decisions at work. This research investigated a method to transfer technical knowledge by acquiring skills and knowledge from actual dam operators and by using the information to construct an educational training system. The purpose of the research was to enable the execution of a secure and rational reservoir operation during flood period. The educational training system for reservoir operation was developed with the focuses on acquiring knowledge on hydraulics and hydrology and learning about decision making related to the reservoir operation as well as the timing of control. The system is capable of conducting education that corresponds to individual levels in each location. Of the educational training methods, a lecture method that uses textbooks is effective for the understanding of basic knowledge and concepts while a training method that uses a simulation device is essential for the practice of advanced and specialized procedures in specific fields. Simulation devices are used in operational training for airplane flight and driving cars and trains. The educational system presented here was designed to provide further assistance to those who have acquired basic knowledge and concepts through textbooks and also to at low them to perform the satisfactory operation of dam equipment. Our research proposes a method which can realize a system to acquire technical skills-the skills which are the foundation of technical knowledge and operation.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.183-208
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• 2005

In recent years, national R&D programs tend to become larger and more complicated, which necessitates strengthening the overall coordination of national R&D programs at the inter-ministerial level from the program planning stage. This paper looks into the status and problems of Korea's national R&D programs and proffers ways to improve the current system It highlights the problems shown in the process of the 2004 overall coordination and their rectification. First, various ad-hoc private-led committee brought about inefficiency in decision making process. Therefore, it is necessary to streamline such committees and strengthen the function of the Office of Science and Technology Innovation, Second, in view of the implementation of the overall coordination system, it is necessary to identify the problems in full detail that were raised in the course of the previous year's overall coordination so that new projects can be allotted minimal grades and follow-up activities can be efficiently put into execution. Third, it is necessary to establish standing committees for constant review and efficient utilization that will be devoted to reviewing programs overlapped and their linkage. Fourth, priority of investment regarding the nation's strategic policy direction should be reflected. Fifth, given the lack of performance-based evaluation system, it is necessary to develop macro and micro evaluation indices in conjunction with enacting the tentatively named "Performance-based Law." The overall coordination system of national R&D programs should be supplemented and further developed in relation to the aforementioned problems and their rectification in order to enhance the expertise, fairness, and efficiency of the nation's R&D coordination system.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.25-38
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• 2003

The main problems of disordered and congested urban landscape are due to the lack of holistic management that can control various elements of forming a city. Especially, the color of urban landscape is problematic because it is related to individual and social characteristics as well as to physical characteristics. Therefore, temporary expedients that can solve only visualized problems can not be a proper solution for color problems of urban landscape. This study originated from the question about why the color of disordered and congested urban landscape has not been improved. This study aims at directly improving the urban environmental color by finding out what the actual problems related to color are, and what the solutions would be. The goal of this study is to find a holistic systematic problem-solving method. Problems of urban environmental color are identified from both literature review and questionnaires to the expert group, such as environmental planning, design group, and the landscape executive group. Through mapping of relationships among these problems, the intellectual map was made to layout the structures of problems. Based on this method, the structures of problems of urban environmental color were classified into 5 categories: 1) the items related to the administrative structure, 2) the items related to the color management goal and system, 3) the items related to the color planning and design phase, 4) the items related to the color consulting committee, and 5) the items related to the present state of color use. Thus, in order to solve the color problem in urban landscape, practical strategy is strongly required. It is not a temporary expedient but a holistic approach. The solution for the problems of urban environmental color could be divided into 6 types; ‘regulations amendment’,‘color standard amendment’,‘color management plan’,‘color education’, and ‘advertisement for the goal of color management’. Regulations amendment among these types was proposed as the most effective method due to the close relationship with problem categories. Thus, as the solution for the problems of urban environmental color, the ‘color management system’ was suggested. Detailed contents the suggested color management system were divided into three parts; 1) legislation by regulations, ordinance and acts, 2) management by controling the level of guidelines, and 3) the standards for execution of this system.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.15D no.2
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• pp.235-246
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• 2008

Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) is emerging as an effective approach for developing applications by dynamically discovering and composing reusable services. Generally, the benefits of SOA are known as low-development cost, high agility, high scalability, business level reuse, etc. However, a representative problem for widely applying SOA is the performance problem. This is caused by the nature of SOA such as service deployment and execution in distributed environment, heterogeneity of service platforms, use of a standard message format, etc. Therefore, performance problem has to be overcome to effectively apply SOA, and service performance has to be measured precisely to analyze where and why the problem has occurred. Prerequisite for this is a definition of a quality model to effectively measure service performance. However, current works on service performance lacks in defining a practical and precise quality model for measuring performance which adequately addresses the execution environment and features of SOA. Hence, in this paper, we define a quality model which includes a set of practical metrics for measuring service performance and an effective technique to measure the value of the proposed metrics. In addition, we apply the metrics for Hotel Reservation Service System (HRSS) to show the practicability and usefulness of the proposed metrics.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.123-152
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• 2007

The striking characteristic of the contemporary global security environment is that the nature of threats has become diverse and complex. For example, transnational and non-military threats including terrorism and proliferation of weapon of mass destruction has increased. In this security environment, Advanced countries funnel their investments for defense budgets into the assurance of key force capability and R&D of cutting-edge core technologies, in consideration of future battlefield environments so as to get an edge on not only defense science and technology but also intelligence capabilities. As shown by past practices of the korea's defense acquisition, the ministry of national defense has tried to enhance its force capabilities in the short-term by purchasing foreign weapon systems rather than by investing in domestic R&D. Accordingly, the technological gaps between the korea and advanced countries were widened due to both insufficient investment in development of domestic technologies and avoidance of technological transfer by advanced countries. Thus, for the effective execution of the R&D budget and the successful performance of the projects, the importance of selection, management and evaluation of the R&D projects is emphasized. So, The objective of this study is that the analysis of the proposal-selection evaluation system for the realization of the successful defense core technology R&D projects. This study focused on the improvement of the proposal-selection evaluation model which can be applicable to the national defense core R&D projects. Using the improved proposal-selection evaluation system, we propose a model to enhance the reliability of the national defense core technology R&D project evaluation system.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.9 no.7
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• pp.315-324
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• 2009

Public institutions guaranteed exclusive position of core business are likely to be inefficient in management. Past governments made various efforts to innovate public institutions. Participatory government drove innovation of public institutions through Ministry of Planning and Budget, and this innovation policy had problems as followings: shortage of common sense of innovation, lack of understanding of innovation, gradual execution of innovation instead of system innovation for business innovation, lack of consideration of characteristics of various public innovation, overlapping of evaluation system, and nonobjective design of evaluation indicator. MB government has diverse assignments for improvement of these problems as followings: transformation of business mind, voluntary participation of employee, improvement of management system of public institutions, reform of business evaluation system, promotion of internal competition, and construction of performance based business system. What is the most important point for successful reform of public institution is to achieve the support of general public with effective action plan and substantial programs.