• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.81-88
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• 1999

In order to properly evaluate the shear strength of reinforced concrete circular columns due to the transverse shear reinforcement, the average of fractions of forces generated along the circular transverse hoops across the shear failure plane in the loading direction is calculated. For this, the center-to-center diameter of circular transverse hoops. spacing and the crack angle measured to the column longitudinal axis are considered. Using these variables, an equation representing the effective section area of circular transverse shear steel is proposed. The study result shows that the constant parameter. used for the calculation of the effective section area of circular hoops over the last 10 years, should not universally be applied any more. The use of the constant parameter may not seriously do harm to the evaluation of shear strength for circular columns with non-seismically designed transverse hoop reinforcement, since it gives slightly conservative results. However. for well-confined circular columns with close spacing or circular steel jacketing. it gives about 20% overestimation of the shear capacity contributed by the transverse hoop steel.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.195-203
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• 2021

Although intra oral dental x-ray is a lower dose than other radiological examinations, pediatric patients are known to have a higher risk of radiation damage than adults. For this reason, pediatric dental x-ray requires management of dose evaluation and imaging conditions during the examination. In this study, the dose calculation program ALARA-Dental(child/adult) was used to evaluate the organ dose and effective dose exposed to each examination site during intra oral imaging of children during dental radiographic examination, and dose analysis according to the imaging conditions was performed. As a result, the highest organ dose distribution was shown at 0.044 ~ 0.097 mGy in all are as of the mucous membrane of oral cavity except for the maxillary incisors and canines. Also, in the case of the thyroid gland, the maxillary canine and maxillary premolar examination showed 0.027 and 0.020 mGy, respectively, and the dose distribution was 15.4% to 70.0% higher than that of the mandibular examination. As for the effective dose calculated during intra oral imaging, the maxillary anterior and canine examinations showed the highest effective doses of 0.005 and 0.004 mSv, respectively, and the maxillary area examination showed a higher dose distribution on average than the mandible.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.216-222
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• 2002

The ergonomic human model can be considered as a tool for the evaluation of ergonomic factors in vehicle design process. The proper anthropometric data on driver's postures are needed in order to apply a human model to vehicle design. Although studies on driver's posture have been carried out for the last few decades, there are still some problems for the posture data to be applied directly to the human model due to the lack of fitness because such studies were not carried out under the conditions for the human model application. In the traditional researches, the joint angles were evaluated by the categorized data, which are not appropriate for the human model application because it is so extensive that it can not explain the posture evaluation data in detail. And the human models require whole-body posture evaluation data rather than joint evaluation data. In this study a postural evaluation function was developed not by category data but by the concept of the loss function in quality engineering. The loss was defined as the discomfort in driver's posture and measured by the magnitude estimation technique in the experiment using a seating buck. Four loss functions for the each joint - knee, hip, shoulder, and elbow were developed and a whole-body postural evaluation function was constructed by the regression analysis using these loss functions as independent factors. The developed postural evaluation function shows a good prediction power for the driver's posture discomfort in validation test. It is expected that the driver's postural evaluation function based on the loss function can be used in the human model application to the vehicle design process.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.126-154
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• 1997

This paper addresses a methodology for monitoring the first phase('92-94') progress and its implication fo Highly Advanced National R&D Projects (HAN or G7 project) in Korea. The authors suggest a three-stage life cycle model for the management of national R&D program; planning stage, implementing & monitoring stage, and evaluating & harvesting stage. The interim evaluation, the main focuses of this paper, is one of the key issues for the effective management of national R&D program at the implementing & monitoring stage. The conceptual framework of the interim evaluation was developed both through reviewing related literature and considering the characteristics of the HAN program. A stepwise procedure of interim evaluation was introduced: 'initial screen' and 'detailed examination'. At initial screen all 11 projects were reviewed in terms of both their relevance and performance in order to decide whether further detailed scrutiny is needed or not. If there exist critical problems on the relevance or on the intermediate progress of each project, it is to be under further detailed examination. Evaluation was initiated by the G7 Planning and Evaluation Committee, which was established for advising, directing, and monitoring the HAN Projects, with the help of large number of experts from industries, universities, and research institutes. The monitoring results were reported to the related ministries and project coordinating agencies, and reflected in the second phase.

• Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.105-114
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• 2017

Nonlinear analysis for seismic performance evaluation of existing building usually takes 4~5 times more than linear analysis based on KBC code. To obtain accurate results from the nonlinear analysis, there are a lot of things to be considered for nonlinear analysis modeling. For example, reinforcing layout, applied load and seismic details affect behavior of structural members for the existing building. Engineer-oriented computerized system was developed for engineers to evaluate effective seismic performance of existing buildings with abiding by seismic design principles. Using the engineer-oriented program, seismic performance evaluation of reinforced concrete building was performed. Nonlinear hinge properties were applied with real time multiple consideration such as section layout, section analysis result, applied load and performance levels. As a result, the building was evaluated to satisfy LS(Life Safety) performance level. A comparison between engineer-oriented and program-oriented results is presented to show how important the role of structural engineer is for seismic performance evaluation of existing buildings.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.83-92
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• 2018

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to develop an index of usability that reflects the needs and characteristics of the elderly. The usability index is used primarily to assess issues in the usability of a product. Methods : In this study, 22 items for mobile toilet usability index were developed by consulting with 12 elderly users, 6 caregivers, and 12 experts. The usability evaluation index was intended to increase reliability through preliminary and main evaluations. In addition, the validity of the items used as the usability evaluation index was verified to prove that the index is effective for the evaluation. Result : The usability index is a welfare tool developed by gathering data from various sources such as previous studies dealing with usability evaluation, characteristics of users, range of use, and environment of product use. Conclusion : The development of the usability index for mobile toilets was useful for the user to quantitatively derive the problem of the product. Consequently, user needs and usability problems can be identified, which can help improve product quality.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.17 no.8
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• pp.2033-2042
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• 1993

In conventional SCC susceptibility test, there are constant strain test, constant load test, slow strain rate test(SSRT) and K$_{ISCC}$ test. Among them, the SSRT method is much more aggressive in producing SCC than the other tests, so that the test time of it is considerably reduced. But this SSRT method has mostly been worked using the uniaxial tensile specimen untill now. Therefore, the SSRT method using the tensile specimen(Ten-SSRT) has much difficulty in SCC susceptibility evaluation of a localized region like weldment and the advantage material of high order. Recentely, the small punch(SP) test method using miniaturized small specimen is the very effective test method for fracture strength evaluation of a localized region like weldment and fusion reactor wall irradiated in the nuclear power plant. This paper investigated the possibility of SCC susceptibility evaluation by the SP-SSRT method using the miniaturized small specimen. Therefore, we obtained the result that the SP-SSRT had the possibility for the evaluations of SCC susceptibility for shorter time to corrosive environment compare to Ten-SSRT which was conventional method.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.1-10
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• 2003

In this paper, we research on an evaluation model and method for the teaching and loaming using ICT. There are 8 types information search, information analysis, information guidance, collaboration research, discussion with expert, discussion by the web, pen pal by the web, information production in the teaching and teaming using ICT. we propose an evaluation model and method for information search and information analysis which teachers frequently use. Because an evaluation model and mend for the teaching and learning using ICT doesn’t exist, I expect that the evaluation model and method proposed in this paper is effective in the teaching and loaming using ICT.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Navigation
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.381-391
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• 2001

Marine Casualties cause the loss of hmm lives, properties and marine pollution. The prevention of marine accidents has been a major topic in marine society and various policies and countermeasures have been developed, applied to the industries. The coastal VTS and navigational aids are considered as one of the effective methods to promote marine safety but they need relatively huge amount of budgets to build. Thus prior to establishing these coastal VTS and navigational aids, it should be evaluated the navigational safety level in the coastal waterways in concern. So far as human beings are concerned, there are many types of fuzziness in the evaluation of navigational safety level. In order to reflect these fuzziness on this evaluation, this paper introduces the fuzzy measure and integral to represent the fuzziness in the evaluation process. Therefore this paper aims to develop the method for this evaluation using the fuzzy measure and integral. In this paper, Korean coastal area is divided into 8 sectors and evaluated the priority for the needs of coastal VTS and navigational aids. The results are found as order as Mokpo, Yosu, Pohang, Busan, Inchon, Geoje, Gunsan, Donghae coastal area.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.181-191
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• 2003

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate demonstration health promotion programs offered by 18 health centers in a structural aspect of the health centers. Methods: The Evaluation Committee was organized with professors from collaboration universities and researchers of this study. Using structure evaluation frame. reports from 18 health centers were reviewed by the committee. Evaluation categories included organizational change, manpower construction, budget, and manpower training and education. Results: Only 5 health centers out of 18 have independent health promotion department. Nurses played a major role for health promotion programs. Other health personnel participated in the health promotion programs included dental hygienists, nutritionists, and exercise specialists. Related to program budgets. local government support rates were varied by the region. Various kind of manpower training was offered to health personnel for the health promotion programs including smoking control. exercise, alcohol, nutrition, and so forth. Conclusion: The study results indicated that establishment of independent health promotion department, maintenance of same manpower construction, provision of diversity manpower training were the factors that foster effective health promotion programs.