• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
• /
• v.32 no.3
• /
• pp.179-186
• /
• 2017

For more efficient and proactive safety control of imported food, new trend in U.S. is emerging, which assesses the food safety control systems of exporting countries using Systems Recognition Assessment Tool and helps ensure safety of imported foods. This study examines trends in development and application of assessmemnt tool and country assessment reports in U.S. where an active discussion on this issue is in progress. The expert interviews were also conducted. U.S. Systems Recognition Assessment Tool was developed by FDA to recognize the potential value in leveraging the expertise of foreign food safety systems and help ensure safety of imported food. The tool is comprised of ten standards and provides an objective framework for determining the robustness of trading partners' overall food safety systems. Using its own tool, the U.S. FDA conducted a preliminary assessment of the food safety control systems of New Zealand and Canada. According to the U.S.-New Zealand and the U.S.-Canada assessment reports, the overall structure of the systems was similar between the countries. In summarizing the opinions of experts, such a trend in National Food Safety Control System Assessment may be utilized in the sanitary assessment and the control of imported food border inspection frequency before importing food. It would contribute to more effective distribution of national budget and increased public trust. Additionally, international collaboration as well as securing of qualified experts and sufficient budget appear to be crucial to further increase the utility of National Food Safety Control Systems Assessment. In conclusion, firstly, it is critically important for the competent authority of South Korea to proactively respond to international trend in National Food Safety Control System Assessment by identifying the details of its background, assessment purpose, core assessment elements, and assessment procedures. Secondly, it is necessary to identify and complement the weaknesses of Korea's food safety control system by reviewing it with U.S. Systems Recognition Assessment Tool. Thirdly, by adapting the assessment results from imported countries' food safety control systems to the imported food inspection intensity, the resources previously used in inspecting the imported food from accredited countries can be redistributed to inspecting the imported food from unaccredited countries, and it would contribute to more efficient imported food safety control. Fourthly, the competent authority of South Korea should also consider developing its own assessment tool designed to reflect the unique characteristics of its food safety control system and international guidelines.

• Journal of KIISE:Computing Practices and Letters
• /
• v.9 no.3
• /
• pp.322-331
• /
• 2003

As the complexity of a 3D game is increased by various factors of the game scenario, it has a problem for controlling the interrelation of the game objects. Therefore, a game system has a necessity of the coordination of the responses of the game objects. Also, it is necessary to control the behaviors of animations of the game objects in terms of the game scenario. To produce realistic game simulations, a system has to include a structure for designing the interactions among the game objects. This paper presents a method that designs the dynamic control mechanism for the interaction of the game objects in the game scenario. For the method, we suggest a game agent system as a framework that is based on intelligent agents who can make decisions using specific rules. Game agent systems are used in order to manage environment data, to simulate the game objects, to control interactions among game objects, and to support visual authoring interface that ran define a various interrelations of the game objects. These techniques can process the autonomy level of the game objects and the associated collision avoidance method, etc. Also, it is possible to make the coherent decision-making ability of the game objects about a change of the scene. In this paper, the rule-based behavior control was designed to guide the simulation of the game objects. The rules are pre-defined by the user using visual interface for designing their interaction. The Agent State Decision Network, which is composed of the visual elements, is able to pass the information and infers the current state of the game objects. All of such methods can monitor and check a variation of motion state between game objects in real time. Finally, we present a validation of the control method together with a simple case-study example. In this paper, we design and implement the supervised classification systems for high resolution satellite images. The systems support various interfaces and statistical data of training samples so that we can select the most effective training data. In addition, the efficient extension of new classification algorithms and satellite image formats are applied easily through the modularized systems. The classifiers are considered the characteristics of spectral bands from the selected training data. They provide various supervised classification algorithms which include Parallelepiped, Minimum distance, Mahalanobis distance, Maximum likelihood and Fuzzy theory. We used IKONOS images for the input and verified the systems for the classification of high resolution satellite images.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.42 no.1
• /
• pp.39-54
• /
• 1979

Such stream characteristics as the numbers, lengths, orders of stream channels, and drainage density are the essential elements for the analysis of drainages in planning of watershed management in a drainage basin. The drainage net is the pattern of tributaries and master streams in a drainage basin as declineated on a planimetric map. Stream order is a measure of the position of a stream in the hierarchy of tributaries. Density of the drainage is given by the quotient of the cumulative length of stream and the total drainage area. Drainage density then is simply a length per unit of area. In this study, the Anyang-cheon upper-watershed is selected for the survey and analysis of the stream system and drainage density in view point of the useful collection of data for effective watershed management planning. The Anyang-cheon upper-watershed is consisted of about 12,600 hectars of drainage area including the 13 Sub-stream. Total length of the Stream (as described in the Stream Law) in the survey area is measured as much as 71.2km, and that of the Small-stream as descrived in the Saemaul Stream Survey Book (1972) is calculated as 43,010 meters. Besides of this lengths, measured about 43,410 meters of the Small-stream and about 71,900 meters of the Torrential valley through this study. The range of the drainage density among the 13 Sub-streams having sub-watershed is analysed as from 14.79 to 24.10, and average value of drainage density in the entire watershed is calculated as 18.21 in case of including the length of the Torrential valley and 12.50 in case of excluding the same. It is required that the standard classification system in classifing for the characteristics of identification among the Stream, Sub-stream, Small-stream, Torrent, and Torrential valley must be satisfied through joint study of the authorities concerned.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
• /
• v.16 no.3
• /
• pp.131-146
• /
• 2004

The Purpose of this study is to suggest strategies for environmental education through the Practical Arts(TechnologyㆍHome economics) Subject in a viewpoint of the clothing & textiles resources to resolve problems in the clothing life area. For this, this study was carried out through review of literature which is related with the consumption, the environmental problems, the environmental policies, and regulations of the government and new environmental technologies, of clothing & textiles industries and environmental education. The major findings of the study were as follows; 1) The environmental education system model in a viewpoint of the Clothing & Textiles resources was developed. This model system is consisted with interactions on school, government, industry, home and non-government organizations. Thus, the fact that Practical Arts(TechnologyㆍHome economics) Subject were the most effective subject to teaching the environmental education viewpoint of the Clothing & Textiles resources was confirmed. 2) The standards were analysed out to analyse the contents in the clothing area of the Practical Arts(TechnologyㆍHome economics) Subject. It were consist of 4 factors and 12 elements under the factors: Awareness of clothing & textile resources(clothing consumption, production of clothing & textile and environmental problems). Planning and buying of clothing(planning, buying), Management of clothing(understand of textile. human body & environment, laundering and Environmental pollution, arrangement & conservation) Recycling & exhaust of clothing(contribution, redesign, recycling, exhaust) 3) Analysing the current Practical Arts (TechnologyㆍHome economics) subject from the Environmental education in the clothing section, the environmental education related with clothing were taught the most in the middle school course, and environmental contents were concentrated in the recycling factors. but not so much on other factors. 4) After analysing the Practical Arts (TechnologyㆍHome economics) subject, the strategies were suggested for reinforcing the environmental education in the clothing of the Practical Arts(TechnologyㆍHome economics) subject.

• KOMUNHWA
• /
• no.68
• /
• pp.41-57
• /
• 2006

The purpose of this study is to review educational value of cultural heritage sites first and then, to examine the importance of interpretation and interpretation methods and process briefly to utilize cultural heritage sites as important resources for public education and cultural tourism. The educational value of cultural heritage sites is not limited to provide visitors with various information on historical facts and events related to the cultural heritage site, but to provide the public with a new recognition of the importance of the preservation of cultural heritage sites by understanding the site well. In order to utilize the educational value of the cultural heritage site, interpretation must be emphasized as an important element of cultural heritage sites management and much attention should be given on the development and practice of interpretation programs in each cultural heritage site. In order to develop an interpretation program of the site, a specific target audience must be defined first to find most resonable scope and direction of an interpretation program and then, site specific interpretation themes (or a theme) should be developed from the interpretive topic. According to these defined elements, an interpretation program(s) is established by using various interpretation methods and techniques in order to provide visitors with useful information and knowledge on the site efficiently. Interpretation methods and techniques are various as defined by various ways and most effective methods or techniques are employed as a specific interpretation program is presented most effectively. The evaluation processes in planing stage, during developing stage, and after completion of interpretation program development are important processes to find out any problems of planed interpretation program and to revise or update the interpretation program. Conclusively, the direction of cultural heritage sites management in Korea has focused on the conservation and restoration of cultural heritage sites to preserve the original conditions of cultural heritage sites so far. This direction on current practice on cultural heritage sites management should he changed to more active utilization of the sites and interpretation of the sites is a way to accomplish the this goal.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
• /
• v.2 no.1
• /
• pp.5-15
• /
• 2011

Prior to the introduction of the CRM, we need to analyze the characteristics and the situations of the company, and should establish a clear vision of the CRM. And each company should identify elements and technologies for introducing the most suitable CRM for them, and optimize them, with long-term perspective. In addition, it requires the implementation strategy which integrates the existing company's routine marketing activities with the concept of the CRM. According to the implementation strategy, the company should improve the business process which is the most effective in investment step by step, and the information system strategy, which develops system investment gradually, should harmonize with it. First, we recognized that raising the company value is important by maximizing customer lifetime value (LTV) by understanding customer needs, and achieving the company's goal through customer satisfaction. Second, we understood that adopting the CRM should be accompanied by changes in the structure, business process and customer contact channels, and it can be successfully integrated with business when it gets proper understandings and attentions of the management. Third, the reality is that there are few cases of successful implementation of domestic companies, and some companies that successfully implement the system mean nothing but implement the solution for developing the CRM. Therefore, it needs to be observed for the long haul, and it seems that we need to approach more systematically to implementation cases for each industry about implementation of the CRM. Fourth, the CRM is no longer the preserve of major companies, and it is the time that medium and small sized enterprises also need it. Taking lesson from Switzerland's small size store merchants who successfully adopt right size of the CRM for their business, for domestic medium and small sized enterprises, the necessity to develop business through developing the CRM models which fit their situations and maintaining relationships with customers has been grown. Fifth, for adopting the CRM business processes, changing or converting the CRM system to the model which fits the company's situation is important rather than applying the advanced company's CRM system model. In other words, the CRM solution which can maximize their own strength by developing the CRM program that makes the most of features and characteristics of the company should be adopted.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
• /
• v.38 no.1
• /
• pp.1-10
• /
• 2010

In this study, to study an effective use and improve strength performances of woods and wood-based materials, three-ply hybrid laminated woods which are composed of spruce in the face and three kinds of wood-based boards (MDF, PB, OSB) in the core were manufactured, and the effect of constitution elements used for the core laminae on bending creep performances was investigated. The shape of creep curves showed exponential function plots which the upper right side was increased, and differed among the kinds of wood-based boards used for the core laminae of hybrid laminated wood. The creep deformation perpendicular to the grain of faces of hybrid laminated woods was in order $C_{\perp}$(P) > $C_{\perp}$(M) > $C_{\perp}$(O) with PB, MDF and OSB in the core, respectively. It was found that the creep deformation arranged with OSB in the core had 2 times smaller than those arranged with MDF and PB in the core. By hybrid laminating, the creep deformation of spruce perpendicular to the grain was markedly decreased. On the other hand, the creep deformation parallel to the grain of the faces ($C_{\parallel}$ type) of hybrid laminated woods was in order $C_{\parallel}$(P) > $C_{\parallel}$(O) > $C_{\parallel}$(M) with PB, OSB and MDF in the core. The ratios among three hybrid laminated woods were considerably decreased, especially the difference between $C_{\parallel}$(P) and $C_{\parallel}$(O) hybrid laminated woods arranged with PB and OSB in the core was very small. These values showed 0.108~0.464 times smaller than creep deformation of three wood-based boards and it was found that creep deformation of three wood-based boards was considerably decreased by hybrid laminating. Creep anisotropy of hybrid laminated woods was greater in creep deformation than in initial deformation, whereas it was found that the values was much smaller than that of spruce parallel laminated woods.

• Archives of design research
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.181-198
• /
• 2003

The purpose of this study is to develop a on-line design tool for effectively coping with e-Business environment, or product design process into a Cyber model for traditional manufacturers which attempts new product development under such environment. It was finally developed as a model named $\ulcorner$Design Vortal Site; e-BVDS) that was based on the structure and style of internet web site. Results of the study can be described as follows ; \circled1 e-Business is based on the Internet. All processes in the context of e-Business require models whose structure and method of use are on-line styles. \circled2 In case that a traditional manufacturing business is converted into e-Business, it is better to first consider Hybrid Model that combines resources and advantages of both such traditional and digital businesses. \circled3 The product design process appropriate for e-Business environment has to have a structure and style that ensure utilization of the process as an Internet web site, active participation by product developers and interactive communication between participants in designing and designers. \circled4 $\ulcorner$e-BDVS) makes possible the use of designers around the wend like in-house designers, overcoming lack in creativity, ideas and human resources traditional business organizations face. However, the operation of $\ulcorner$e-BDVS$\lrcorner$ requires time and budget investments in securing related elements and conditions. \circled5 Cyber designers under $\ulcorner$e-BDVS$\lrcorner$ can easily perform all design projects in cyber space. But they have some limits in playing a role as designers and they have difficulty in getting rewards if such projects completed by them are not finally accepted. \circled6 $\ulcorner$e-BDVS) ensures the rapid use of a wide range of design information and data, reception of a variety of solutions and ideas and effective design development, all of which are not possible through traditional processes. However, this process may not be suitable to be used routine process or tool. \circled7 $\ulcorner$e-BDVS$\lrcorner$ makes it possible for out-sourcing or partners businesses to overcome restrictions in time and space and improve productivity and effectiveness. But such they may have to continue off-line works that can not be treated on-line.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
• /
• v.17 no.5
• /
• pp.483-489
• /
• 2006

The behavior of rare earth compounds such as $La_{2}O_{3}$, $CeO_{2}$, and $Ca(OH)_{2}$ on the removal of fluoride and heavy metals in the steel wastewater has been investigated. The removal mechanism of fluoride by rare earth elements has been known to be the formation of insoluble compounds between $F^{-}$ and cations such as $La^{3+}$ and $Ce^{4+}$ produced by the dissociation of rare earth compounds (To reduce the running cost of the fluoride wastewater treatment facility, their fluoride removal efficiencies were compared with those of inexpensive rare earth minerals such as natural lanthanide and cerium compound used as a glass polishing agent). All of the rare earth oxides used in this study showed a higher removal efficiency of fluoride than $Ca(OH)_{2}$ in the wastewater. In the case of artificial HF solution, the removal efficiency of fluoride showed in the order: $CeO_{2}$-mineral < $CeO_{2}$ < $Ca(OH)_{2}$ < $La_{2}O_{3}$-mineral < $La_{2}O_{3}$. However, the removal efficiency of fluoride in the wastewater increased in the following order: $Ca(OH)_{2}$ < $CeO_{2}$ mineral < $CeO_{2}$ < $La_{2}O_{3}$ mineral < $La_{2}O_{3}$. All agents showed high efficiencies for the removal of Mn and total Cr in the rare earth compounds. In the case of $Ca(OH)_{2}$, fluoride removal decreased with increasing pH while. However, the rare earth compounds showed a higher fluoride removal in higher pH condition, the optimum pH condition seemed to be around 7 considering both water quality and fluoride removal. Under the pH 7 condition, the $Ca(OH)_{2}$ was superior to rare earth compounds in Mn removal and the lanthanide was superior to others in total Cr removal.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
• /
• v.20 no.1 s.37
• /
• pp.1-10
• /
• 1999

한약(韓藥)의 효능(效能)은 약성(藥性)에 의해 분류(分類)되고 질병(疾病)을 치료(治療)하며 예방(豫防)하는 작용(作用)을 한다. 그러나 약성(藥性) 이론(理論)의 문헌(文獻)과 임상연구(臨床硏究)는 비교적 많지만 상대적으로 실험연구(實驗硏究)는 일부분에 불과하여 효능(效能)을 입증(立證)하는데 어려움이 많다. 이에 저자(著者)는 온열성약(溫熱性藥)들이 지니고 있는 유효(有效) 성분(成分)들을 조사(調査)하고 이 온열성약(溫熱性藥)에 함유(含有)되어 있는 유효(有效) 성분(成分)들의 구조적(構造的)인 특성(特性)과 화학적(化學的)인 공통점(共通點)을 찾아 온열성약(溫熱性藥)의 분류(分類)에 대한 일반적(一般的)인 기준(基準)을 제시(提示)하고자 하였다. 그 결과 각각의 열성약(熱性藥)과 온성약(溫性藥)들이 함유(含有)하고 있는 유효(有效) 성분(成分)간의 구조적(構造的)인 공통점(共通點)을 찾아내었으며 구조적(構造的)인 공통점(共通點)으로부터 다음과 같은 결론(結論)을 얻었다. 1. 열성약(熱性藥) 중에서 강(强)한 독성(毒性)을 나타내는 부자(附子)와 초오(草烏)의 효능을 나타내는 유효 성분(成分)들은 C19-diterpenoid alkaloid과 C20-diterpenoid alkaloid 계열의 구조(構造)를 지닌 화합물들로 구성(構成)되어 있다. 이 디테르펜 알카로이드(diterpene alkaloid)들의 경우 고리의 구조(構造)가 aconitane(1), hetisan(16)과 7,20-cycloveatchane(17)의 기본골격(基本骨格)을 지니고 있으며, 이 두 가지 기본구조(基本構造)의 공통점(共通點)은 A 고리에 질소를 포함한 2-azabicyclo-[3.3.1]-nonanyl의 부분구조를 갖고 있으며, 이 부분 구조는 자연계에 존재하는 tropane alkaloid들의 기본구조(基本構造)와 유사하다. Tropane alkaloid들은 중추신경계에 작용하는 약물들로 알려져 있으며, tropane alkaloid는 일반적으로 anatoxin a(171)와 같이 강(强)한 독성(毒性)을 나타내며, 부자(附子)와 초오(草烏)가 지니고 있는 강한 독성(毒性)은 바로 2-azabicyclo-[3.3.1]-nonanyl 구조(構造)에 기인하는 것으로 추정할 수 있다. 2. 육계(肉桂)에 주성분으로 함유(含有)되어 있는 cinncassiol(47) 화합물(化合物)들은 분자 내에 bicyclo-[4.3.0]-nonanyl과 bicyclo-[3.3.0]-octanyl의 기본 혹은 부분 구조를 지니고 있다. 3. Cinncassiol(47) 화합물(化合物)들은 강(强)한 항균력(抗菌力)을 보이고 있는데, cinncassiol(47) 화합물들이 지니고 있는 구조적인 특성인 bicyclo-[4.3.0]-nonanyl과 bicyclo-[3.3.0]-octanyl의 기본 혹은 부분 고리구조는 sesquiterpenoid 화합물(化合物)들과 diterpenoid 화합물(化合物)들 중에서 많이 발견되며, 이러한 구조(構造)를 지니고 있는 sesquiterpenoid 화합물(化合物)과 diterpenoid 화합물(化合物)들도 좋은 항균력(抗菌力)을 보이고 있다. 이러한 공통(共通)된 구조상(構造上)의 유사점(類似點)이 항균력(抗菌力)을 나타내는 지표로서 활용 가능성이 기대된다. 4. 온성약(溫性藥)의 경우, 백지(白芷)의 coumarin(39) 화합물(化合物)들과 furocoumarin(61) 화합물(化合物)들, 건량(乾量)의 gingerol(87), shogaol(93), gingerdiol(95) 등과 capsaicin(102), 마황(麻黃)의 ephedrine(124) 계렬(系列) 화합물(化合物)들, 세신(細辛)의 methyleugenol(136)과 asaricin(137)의 구조(構造)에서 발견(發見)할 수 있는 공통적(共通的)인 요소는 phenolic 또는 methoxyphenyl의 공통구조를 지니고 있다. 온성약(溫性藥)의 유효성분들은 공통적으로 phenolic aromatic 화합물(化合物)을 함유(含有)하고 있다. 따라서, 열성약(熱性藥)과 온성약(溫性藥)은 주성분(主成分)들의 분포(分布)가 각기 다르며, 독성(毒性)을 나타내는 열성약(熱性藥)은 2-azabicyclo-[3.3.1]-nonanyl 구조(構造)를 지니고 있고, 육계(肉桂)와 같은 항균력(抗菌力)을 지니는 약물(藥物)은 bicyclo-[3.3.0]-octanyl 또는 bicyclo-[4.3.0]-nonanyl의 구조(構造)를 지닌다. 백지(白芷), 마황(麻黃), 세신(細辛) 등에서 볼 수 있듯이 온성약(溫性藥)은 benzene 구조(構造)를 함유(含有)하는 phenolic aromatic 화합물(化合物)들이 주종을 이룬다.