• 한국식품과학회지
• /
• 제21권2호
• /
• pp.192-196
• /
• 1989

우리나라에서 생선회로 가장 많이 먹고 있는 붕장어를 대형, 소형의 크기별로 구입하여 지질 성분 및 아미노산 조성을 분석, 비교하였다. 대형 붕장어는 소형어에 비하여 수분 및 조단백질 함량이 다소 많은 반면 조지방 함량은 4.2%로서 소형 붕장어의 9.8%에 비하여 적었다. 대형 및 소형 붕장어의 증성지방질 함량은 각각 총지방질의 89.7%, 93.3%를 차지하고 있었으며 인지방질은 8.9%, 5.2% 함유되어 있었다. 총지방질의 지방산 조성은 대형 및 소형 붕장어 모두 18:1을 주체로 한 모노엔산이 47.1%, 50.3%로 함량이 가장 많았고 다음으로 22:6이 주가 된 폴리엔산이 33.4% 및 25.2%, 16:0을 주체로 한 포화산은 19.5% 및 24.5% 함유되어 있었다. 중성 및 당지빙질은 18:1을 주성분으로 한 모노엔산의 조성비가 높은 반면 인지방질은 폴리엔산의 조성비가 높았다. 대체로 대형 붕장어는 소형어에 비해 20:5, 22:5, 22:6과 같은 고도불포와 지방산의 함량이 않았고 소형 붕장어는 16:0, 16:1, 18:1등의 포화산 및 모노엔산이 많았다. 총 아미노산량은 대형 붕장어가 17022.7mg/100g, 소형어가 15409.4mg/100g 이었고. aspartic acid, glutamic acid, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, arginine 등이 주요 구성아미노산 이었다. 소형 붕장어에는 대형어에 비해 aspartic acid, glutamic acid가 많이 함유되어 있었고, 대형 붕장어는 cystine, methionine, tyrosine, phenylalanine의 함량이 많았다.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
• /
• 제30권3호
• /
• pp.459-471
• /
• 2023

뱀장어 생산단계 안전성조사 부적합여부에 영향을 미치는 특성변수를 베이지안 네트워크(BN) 모델을 적용하여 분석하였다. 2012년부터 2021년까지의 통합식품안전정보망(IFSIN)의 뱀장어 생산단계 안전성조사 데이터에 양식장의 HACCP 정보, 지리적 정보 및 용수환경 데이터를 연계하여 BN 모델을 수립하였다. 뱀장어의 부적합여부에 영향을 주는 특성변수로 양식장의 HACCP 인증여부, 양식장의 이전 5년간 검사대상 유해물질의 검출여부, 해당 양식장의 이전 5년간 부적합적발이력, 사용되는 용수환경의 적정성이 제안되었으며, 이때 용수환경의 적정성은 총대장균군과 총유기탄소량으로부터 산출되었다. 뱀장어 부적합이 발생할 확률이 가장 높은 경우는 지난 5년간 검사대상 유해물질의 검출이력이 있으면서 동시에 부적합 적발 이력이 있는 HACCP 인증을 받지 않은 양식장으로서, 용수환경도 총대장균군 또는 총유기탄소가 높아 오염이 의심되는 용수를 사용하는 경우로 이때 부적합이 발생할 확률은 24.5%로 뱀장어 생산단계 안전성 조사 시 부적합률인 0.26%의 94배 높았다. 2022년 1월부터 8월까지 뱀장어 양식장 안전성조사 결과를 시험용 데이터세트(6,785건 중 부적합 15건)로 하여 BN 모델의 적정성을 검토하였다. 영향강도가 높았던 설명변수인 HACCP, 검출이력, 부적합이력으로 구성한 BN 모델을 시험용 데이터세트에 적용한 결과 부적합일 확률이 15.8%로 시험용데이터의 부적합률인 0.22%의 약 71.4배 개선할 수 있었다. 그러나 이 모델의 재현율은 0.2에 머물렀는데, 이는 특히 부적합항목인 유해물질의 기준·규격이 신설되어 해당 양식장에서 검사기록이 없는 경우와, 매우 드물게 발생하여 10년 동안 검출이력이 없어 학습데이터세트에는 없는 경우이었다. 베이지안 네트워크를 적용하여 부적합확률이 높은 생산단계 안전성 조사대상을 선정하게 되면 설명변수별로 시나리오에 따라 부적합확률을 설명가능하게 되어 다른 머신러닝 알고리즘을 적용하는 경우 지적되어온 설명불가능이라는 문제점을 해소할 수 있으며, 향후 안전성조사 데이터 축적 시 용이하게 모델 업데이트가 가능하며 이를 통해 모델의 예측성능개선도 기대할 수 있다는 장점이 있다.

• KSBB Journal
• /
• 제29권2호
• /
• pp.87-91
• /
• 2014

Gang-Hwa Getbul eel is a well known well-being food in the Korean food industry. In this study it was undertaken to analyze crude compositions, minerals, and vitamins of Gang-Hwa Getbul eel. As a result of initial analysis, the ranges of moisture, crude protein, crude fat, and crude ash were $56.6{\pm}0.0$, $17.3{\pm}0.4$, $14.4{\pm}2.9$, and $1.2{\pm}0.1%$, respectively. Regarding mineral compositions, the concentration ranges of Ca, Fe, Mg, P, K and Na were $413.8{\pm}91.1$, $0.8{\pm}0.1$, $29.5{\pm}7.8$, $361.9{\pm}118.4$, $116.4{\pm}43.3$, and $131.8{\pm}42.4$ mg/100 g, respectively. Finally vitamin A was found being present at $2571.3{\pm}194.6$ I.U/100 g.

• 한국수산과학회지
• /
• 제50권5호
• /
• pp.520-526
• /
• 2017

Carnosine was recently reported to protect against the DNA damage induced by oxidative stress. In this study, we investigated the protective effect of eel Anguilla japonica carnosine extracts prepared using different methods (heat treatment extracts, HTEs; ion exchange chromatography, IEC; ultrafiltration permeation, UFP) on leukocyte DNA damage using the comet assay. Human leukocytes were incubated with extracts of eel carnosine at concentrations (of 10, 50, $100{\mu}g/mL$), and then subjected to an oxidative stimulus [$200{\mu}M$ hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$)]. Pretreatment of the cells for 30 min with carnosine significantly reduced the genotoxicity of $H_2O_2$ measured as DNA strand breaks. The protective effects of the three types of extract (HTE, IEC, and UFP) increased with concentration. At the highest concentration (100 g/mL). there were no statistical differences in oxidative damage between each extract treatment and PBS-treated negative controls. When leukocytes were incubated with carnosine for 30 min after exposure to $H_2O_2$. the protective ability of each extract changed. Therefore, eel carnosine inhibits the $H_2O_2$ induced damage to cellular DNA in human leukocytes, supporting the protective effect of this compound against oxidative damage.

• 한국환경과학회지
• /
• 제20권4호
• /
• pp.551-554
• /
• 2011

The production of the sharp-toothed eel by commercial catch off waters of Korea is annually declined after 1978. This study was carried out to obtain the stock management of the sharp-toothed eel using the PCR-aided RFLP method. The mtDNA COI gene was amplified using species-specific primers and PCR product was observed to 700 bp. Amplified DNA fragments were treated with six kinds of restriction enzymes (BaeHI, EcoRI, PstI, Ksp22, HinfI and HaeIII). The treatment of HaeIII showed a distinct PCR product between Yeosu/Jinhae/Jeju/Goseoung and Jangheung/Haenam populations that were observed from 300 to 400 bp in reference to 100 bp molecular marker. However, DNA fragment within populations had an identical pattern. The phylogenetic homology is 82% between two populations inferred from RFLP PCR product pattern using NTsysPC ver. 2.1. The use of HaeIII plays an important role in discriminating populations. It is thought that adults after over-wintering in the southern part of Jeju migrate to the Yeosu, Jinhae and Goseoung regions to spawn instead of to southwestern waters. Individuals within populations showed a relatively active genetic mixing and migration regardless of geography. However, the genetic ancestor of Jangheung and Haenam populations is appeared to be more adjacent to China or Japan than Jeju.

• 한국식품영양학회지
• /
• 제31권5호
• /
• pp.647-652
• /
• 2018

Extracts from bay leaves, Chongbaek (Allium fistulosum L.), Hutgae (Hovenia dulcis Thunb.) fruit, and green tea, using Soju (Korean alcohol, $30^{\circ}$) as a solvent were analyzed for their antioxidative properties. The eels were evenly coated with the extract concentration equivalent to 2% of their total weight and dried for 15 hours at $35^{\circ}C$ using an air blower. The DPPH radical scavenging effect, acid value and peroxide value of semi-dried eel, and linoleic acid peroxidation of eel oil were investigated. The highest level of DPPH radical scavenging was found in green tea extracts, followed by Hutgae fruit extract and bay leaves extract (p<0.05). The acid value and peroxide value of Hutgae fruit extracts coated eels refrigerated for 21 days were the lowest followed by the green tea extract coated eels. During the 20 days reaction period, all four kinds of extracts analyzed were found to effectively decrease linoleic acid peroxidation. Among them, Hutgae fruit and green tea extracts decreased the peroxide content of eel oil steadily and for a longer period when compared to other extracts. In conclusion, pre-application of Hutgae fruit and green tea extracts on eels before drying was found to be effective in delaying peroxidation in eels during the drying process and refrigeration.

• 수산해양기술연구
• /
• 제50권1호
• /
• pp.58-66
• /
• 2014

The purpose of the study is to estimate the Green-House-Gas (GHG) emissions from domestic eel farm in the water recirculation system or still-water system by the assessment of energy consumptions and GHG emissions for establishing to reduce standards of GHG from a sustainable perspective. GHG emission components as seeds, feed, fuel, electricity, fixed capital, fish respiration, and others were analysed at the different culture type between water recirculation system and still-water system by 3 stage farm size of small, medium, large scale. The result showed that the mean GHG emission of the eel farm was $18.7kg{\cdot}CO_2$ in the stage of production per fish 1kg at different culture type and farm size. Therefore it could be useful for policy, planning, and regulation of aquaculture development with establishing GHG reduction standards.

• 수산해양기술연구
• /
• 제46권3호
• /
• pp.204-213
• /
• 2010

Test fishing was carried out using six kinds of different mesh sizes (20, 22, 24, 28, 35, 40mm) for springnet-pot to study bycatches according to the mesh size and catches survey was done for another one (mesh size : 22mm, entrance round : 350mm) in Geo-je & Tong-young waters of Korea. On the first sea experiment, it was thought that suitable mesh size of spring-net-pot catching conger-eel over 35cm with decreasing the catches of conger-eel (Conger myriaster) below 35cm was 24mm. On the second sea experiment, commercial catches were crabs (Charybdis bimaculata), octopus minor (Octopus variabilis) and others including conger-eel, and catches proportion was 60% of total catches weights. There was no big difference for the monthly catches. Self-consumption catches were 9 species including conger-eel below 35cm holding 50% of catches in the side of weights. There were 40% of bycatches for the catches weights and 63% for catches numbers in the 22mm mesh size of spring-net-pot having entrance round over 140mm. It showed that 50% of catches weights were discarded.

• 한국수산과학회지
• /
• 제39권5호
• /
• pp.384-390
• /
• 2006

To improve the extractability of carnosine and the levels of pro-oxidants such as iron in eel (Anguilla japonica) extracts, we examined the effects of extraction time, temperature, ion exchange chromatography and ultrafiltration (UF). The respective protein and total iron were reduced approximately 55 and 60% at 60$^{\circ}C$, 63 and 70% at 80$^{\circ}C$, 68 and 76% at 100$^{\circ}C$ and 82 and 48% with ion exchange chromatography, respectively, compared to the untreated extract. However, there was no significant difference in the carnosine levels in the eel extracts. Ultrafiltration reduced the protein content of the extract by 52% compared with the untreated extract. UF reduced the protein contents of the samples from 60, 80, and 100% heat treatment and ion exchange chromatography treatment by 27, 50, 46 and 47%, respectively. UF reduced the total iron contents of the identical four treatments by 14, 22, 23, and 43%, respectively, while UF increased the carnosine by 23, 17, 20, and 6%, respectively.

• 한국가축번식학회지
• /
• 제20권3호
• /
• pp.259-269
• /
• 1996

To establish whether or not androgens is responsible for the induction of vitellogenin(Vg) synthesis and secretion, primary hepatocytes prepared from immature eels were used. The results are follows: 1. Eel hepatocytes were prepared using a collagenase perfusion technique. The isolated cells attached efficiently to fibronectin-coated dishes and subsequently formed monolayers in serum-free medium. These cultures maintained in medium for 10 days with minimal cell loss. 2. Estradiol-17$\beta$(E2) alone was insufficient to induce Vg synthesis. The combination of E2 with methyltestosterone(MT) markedly stimulated Vg synthesis. High vg production occurred in MT concentration from 10-6~10-5M in the presence of E2 (10-6M). Testosterone and androsterone were also effective, but progesterone was not effective in inducing Vg synthesis. Neither MT alone nor testosterone and androsterone alone had any effect on Vg synthesis. 3. E2-primed hepatocytes showed Vg synthesis in both media with and without hormones 1 day after culture. In the cultures with the vehicle, MT, or progesterone, the rate of synthesis seemed to decrease with time. But the combination of E2 and MT showed an intense increase in Vg synthesis. Hepatocytes isolated from E2-primed eels also required androgens for continuating of Vg synthesis. 4. These results demonstrate that androgens act together with E2 in synthesis and secretion of eel Vg.