• 지역사회간호학회지
• /
• 제7권1호
• /
• pp.80-99
• /
• 1996

Young black men(YBM) have the most severs levels of high blood pressure(HBP) and, in all reports but one, the lowest of HBP control of any age /sex /race group. To increase entry into care, remaining in care, and BP control for young(18-49 years) Black men, It is needed to review socio-demographic, medical characteristics, and behaviors(importance of and difficulty with HBP control behaviors, or worry about mdication) for experimental intervention study(educational- behavior strategies) of hypertensive urban young black men. The 204 participants had an average age of 38.8+7.0 years and an average educational level of $11.0{\pm}2.4$ years; only 23.1% were employed full- or part-time while 26% were on disability ; and 6% were married. Only 35.3% had an MD for HBP care and 37.3% had some form of health insurance. The average BP of those men currently being in care on medication(35.3%) was $148.2/95.1{\pm}19.5/11.3$ compared to those men not taking HBP care $153.7/99.1{\pm}14.0/9.8(p<.05)$. The average creatinine level was 1.3(excluding 3 marked elevations of 15.9, 9.6, and 7.7) for the 163 men consenting to have their blood drawn. Self-reported co-morbidity induded heart disease 7.8%, diabetes 8.9%, high cholesterol 18.2%, CVA 3.4%, alcohol and drug related problems 27.9% and 22.5% respectively. The kidney disease of those men currently being in care & on medication was 9.7 compared to those men not taking HBP care 0.8(p<.05). The problems of with sex life, physicl activity and dearly thinking of those men currently being in care & on medication was higher compared to those men not taking HBP care(p<.05). Questions of 'during the past month, on how many days did you have 5 or more drinks (bottles) of any alcoholic beverag?' and smoking of those men currently being in care & on medication was 18.1% and 72.2% compared to those men not taking HBP care 27.3 and 82.6%, respectively. HBP control behaviors was assessed with 1-5 point Likert subscales(5=extreme, 1-none at all), In general, th men reportd low levels of perceived psychological barrier to HBP care and control behaviors; importance of and difficulty with HBP control behaviors, or worry about mdication. For example, on a five point scale(1=none at all, 5=extreme), average ratings for perceived important and difficulty with BP care and behaviors were 2.8(SD=1.2) and 2.5(SD=1.1). Average ratings for perceived benefit with BP care and behaviors worry about medication of those men currently being in care on medication was 4.0(SD=0.9) and 2.2(SD=1.1) compared to those men not taking HBP care 3.6(SD=0.8), 2.8 (SD=1.6) respectively(p<.05). These data support the need for educational-behavioral strategies of community health nurse to improve high blood pressure control in this high risk group through perceived barriers to treatment, health care skills and use of resources, and social support.

• 공연문화연구
• /
• 제36호
• /
• pp.327-363
• /
• 2018

본 연구는 국악박물관 및 국악 관련 특수박물관에서 운영 중인 국악교육프로그램을 대상으로 운영현황을 파악하고 국악박물관이 나아갈 방향성을 설정하고자하였다. 또한 이를 통하여 국악박물관에서 국악교육프로그램이 활성화되기 위한 방안은 무엇이 있는지를 고찰하였다. 전국에 등록된 박물관은 2016년도 기준 총 826개이며, 그 중에서 국악박물관 또는 국악 관련 특수박물관은 총 10개이다. 국악박물관 국악교육프로그램 분석결과 이용자의 교육에 대한 집중도 참여도 만족도가 높게 나타났다. 그러나 교육의 난이도 조정, 교육시간 배정 문제, 교육내용 개발필요성, 명확한 교육목적의 설정, 지역적 한계성 극복의 문제 등은 향후의 과제로 요구된다. 국악박물관의 특수한 상황을 고려하여 국악교육의 방향성을 네 가지로 제시하였다. 첫째, 국악박물관 국악교육은 이용자 중심이어야 한다. 둘째, 국악박물관 이용자들은 불특정 다수이므로 연령과 세대를 고려한 맞춤형 교육프로그램이 제공되어야한다. 셋째, 이용자의 경험과 학습정도는 매우 상이하므로 박물관 자료와 유물 중심의 획일적, 일방적, 단편적 교육이 아닌 창의성을 강화할 수 있는 입체적 교육이 필요하다. 넷째, 국악박물관의 특수한 환경은 일반인들의 심리적 거부감과 접근의지가 약화될 수 있으므로 일반적으로 널리 통용되는 인접학문의 내용을 포함한 융합교육이 요구된다. 국악교육의 네 가지 방향성을 중심으로 활성화 방안을 논의하였다. 첫째, 이용자 중심의 국악교육은 이용자 중심의 국악교육으로 급격한 전환보다 단계별 접근방안 요구된다. 둘째, 맞춤형 국악교육에는 국악교육 프로그램이 생애주기의 연속성 위에 기획되어야한다. 셋째, 입체형 국악교육은 체험 학습 놀이 관람 등 다양한 요소들이 국악교육프로그램에 복합적으로 반영되어있는 것을 의미하며, 오감을 이용한 경험제공과 활동위주의 교육내용이 반영된 선순환구조가 구축되어야 한다. 넷째, 융합형 국악교육은 국악교육프로그램의 특성을 이해하는 내적구조의 체계화와 외적환경이 성숙되었을 때 실현가능하다.

• 대한수학교육학회지:학교수학
• /
• 제14권1호
• /
• pp.45-64
• /
• 2012

본 정성 연구에서는 교사들의 등분제 분수 나눗셈에 대한 지식을 분석하였다. 자료 수집은 13명의 교사들이 참여한 분수, 소수, 비례 등에 대한 주제를 다룬 40시간의 교사교육 프로그램으로부터 수집되어 일부분이 활용되었으며, 교사들의 등분제 분수 나눗셈 지식을 세밀하게 분석하기 위해 두 가지 지식 요소들 (단위에 대한 지식, 분할 조작)을 분석틀로 사용하였다. 그 결과, 제수와 피제수가 서로소인 등분제 나눗셈 문제 상황을 다루는 능력이 두 지식 요소의 사용여부와 수준에 따라 다르게 나타났다. 두 단계의 단위 구조만을 가지고 추론한 교사의 경우 한 사람의 몫을 주어진 단위로 정확하게 나타낼 수 없었다는 점에서 제한점을 보였으며, 세 단계의 단위 구조를 가지고 추론한 교사는 다양한 분할 조작과 참조 단위의 활용으로 보다 유연하게 문제 상황에 대처할 수 있음을 보여주었다.

• 간호행정학회지
• /
• 제12권1호
• /
• pp.104-112
• /
• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify and compare role conflict and job satisfaction between nurses in ICU and nurses in general ward. Method: The subjects of this study consisted of 141 nurses employed at ICU and 201 nurses employed at general ward, who were recruited from 5 university hospitals with 500 beds located in Seoul and Gyeonggido. The instruments included role conflict scale developed by Kim and Park(1995) and job satisfaction scale translated and modified by Lee(1996). The collected data were analyzed using the SPSS WIN 10.0 program for descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson correlation coefficient. Result: In the two groups, there was a inverse correlation between role conflict and job satisfaction. In ICU, nurses' role conflict levels differed significantly depending on religion(p<.05), total experience(p<.05), scheduled to work as a nurse(p<.05). And nurses' job satisfaction levels differed significantly depending on total experience(p<.05), working period in current post(p<.001), scheduled to work as a nurse(p<.001), motive of choosing the nursing science(p<.01), and job satisfaction(p<.001). In general ward, nurses' job satisfaction levels differed significantly depending on marital status(p<.05), educational level(p<.01), total experience(p<.001), motive of choosing the nursing science(p<.01), and job satisfaction(p<.001). Conclusion: Summing up, the nurses at ICU showed higher level of role conflict than the nurses ay general ward. Therefore, it is needed to decrease the level of nurse's role conflict and improve their job satisfaction in ICU.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
• /
• 제1권2호
• /
• pp.250-259
• /
• 1996

The school foodservice(FS) dietitians of conventional, co-management and central kitchen systems were compared for their levels of fatigue degrees in order to examine their work specification but no to diminish their educational roles. One hundred and thirtheen primary schools in Taejon and Chungcheongnam-Do participated in the survey, of which foodservice were consisted of 99 conventional types, 7 comanagement types and central kitchen types. Information was collected about the various working hours dietary behavior and fatigue symptoms of the dietitians. The results of this study were as follows : Among 3 school foodservice types, dietitians spent 8 hours and 16 minutes daily for their for their work on the average. However, the central kitchen type dietitans in cities spent 3 hours more compared to the others. The data from the dietitians' work schedule sheets showed that the 5 parts of dietitian's duties set in the school foodservice laws were not well performed. In the central kitchen type they spent more time for food production whereas in the conventional they spent more time for menu formation and hygiene control. It was found that fatigue levels of school foodservice dietitians were chronic with no difference among foodservice systems or among school locations. Our results indicated that nutrition education in primary schools was almost neglected. It is suggested that the school foodservice should meet all the objectives of school-lunch program even though they saved dietitians' work load more or less. The importance of students to improve their dietary habits could never be overlooked. (Korean J Community Nutrition 1(2) : 250-259, 1996)

• 대한간호학회지
• /
• 제23권1호
• /
• pp.29-41
• /
• 1993

Relaxation technique is an independent nursing intervention used in various stressful situations. Relaxation techniques must be explored regarding relaxing imaginations used by the people in their traditional life experiences. So for Korean relaxation techniques to become culturally acceptable and effective imaginations of relaxation must be developed. The purpose of this study was to identify differences in relaxation levels of Koreans according to five relaxation imaginations and five groups and to analyze the factors influencing relaxation techniques for Korean people. The subjects were 38 hospitalized patients, 21 rural residents, 56 housewives, 16 researchers and 59 nursing students. Data were collected from September 4 to October 24, 1991 by interview or self-re-port questionnaires. The measurement tool was the graphic rating scale of relaxation levels. The data analysis was done by percent, ANOVA and Scheffe test using the SAS program. The. results of study are summerized as follows : 1. The relaxation level of Koreans was significantly different for the five relaxation imaginations (F=5.95, P=0.0001). Relaxation level of ‘after bathing imagination’ was 6.90, ‘in bed imagination’ was 6.55, ‘in the mountain imagination’ was 6.01, ‘snow and fireplace imagination’ was 5.84 and ‘at the seashore imagination’ was 5.80. As a result of the Scheffe test, ‘after bathing imagination’ was found to show a higher relaxation level than ‘at the sea-shore imagination’ ‘in the mountain imagination’ and ’snow and fireplace imagination(P〈.05). 2. The relaxation levels of the Koreans were not different for the five groups(F=1.26, P=0.29). 3. There were no differences in the relaxation level of the koreans according to sex, age, place of residence, place of residence during childhood, marital status, religion or educational status. In conclusion, Korean people prefer the ‘relaxation imagination of after bathing’ to western style relaxation imagination of ‘at the seashore imagination’ and ‘snow and fireplace imagination’.

• 한국환경보건학회지
• /
• 제37권6호
• /
• pp.418-428
• /
• 2011

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the cross-sectional relationship between low blood lead levels and increasing blood pressure among Korean adults using a nationally representative sample of the Korean population: the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2008. Methods: A total of 918 subjects aged 40 and older and not currently being treated for hypertension participated in this study. Information about age, gender, smoking status, alcohol consumption, education level, and the use of anti-hypertensive medication was collected. The blood pressure was defined as the mean of the second and the third measurements after three time measurements. Lead levels were determined by an analysis of blood samples. Multiple linear and logistic regression analyses were implemented after adjusting for covariates including age, gender, educational level, smoking status, alcohol consumption, and BMI. Results: This study showed that the average differences in systolic and diastolic blood pressure comparing the lowest to highest quintile of blood lead were 4.33 mmHg (95% CI, 0.66-8.00; p for trend = 0.027) and 2.66 mmHg (95% CI, 0.26-5.06; p for trend = 0.021), respectively. After multivariate adjustment for covariates, the prevalence odds ratio (POR) of subjects in the highest quintile was associated with a 1.70-fold increase in the risks of hypertension (95% CI, 0.83-3.49; p for trend test = 0.112) over those in the lowest quintile of blood lead concentration, However, it was not statistically significant. Conclusions: This study provided evidence for an association between low- levels of blood lead and elevations in blood pressure and risk for hypertension in the general population of Korea.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
• /
• 제9권6호
• /
• pp.658-666
• /
• 2015

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The current study examined trends in adherence to dietary recommendations and compared the levels of adherence between diagnosed and undiagnosed subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Korea over the past 14 years. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Data were collected from the 1998-2012 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (KNHANES). Diagnosed diabetes was defined as giving a positive response to questions about awareness of the disease, a physician's diagnosis of diabetes, or medical treatment for diabetes, whereas undiagnosed diabetes was defined as having a fasting glucose level ${\geq}126mg/dl$. Assessment of adherence level was based on 6 components of dietary guidelines, considering meal patterns and intake levels of calories, carbohydrates, vegetable/seaweed, sodium, and alcohol. The participants received 1 point if they met the criteria for each of the 6 components, and the total possible score ranged from 0 to 6 points. Multivariate generalized linear regression was performed, taking into account the complex survey design. RESULTS: Among all diabetic patients aged 30 years or older, the proportion of diagnosed diabetes increased dramatically, from 40.9% in 1998 to 75.9% in 2012 (P for trend < 0.001). The overall adherence levels to dietary recommendations were low and did not significantly differ between diagnosed and undiagnosed subjects with T2DM for all survey years. Several improvements were observed, including increased adherence to maintaining sufficient vegetable/seaweed consumption (increased from 0.12 to 0.16 points) and limiting sodium intake (increased from 0.12-0.13 points to 0.19-0.24 points; P for trend < 0.001), while adherence to maintaining moderate alcohol consumption decreased. CONCLUSIONS: Analysis of data collected by the KNHANES indicates that Korean T2DM patients have poor adherence to dietary recommendations and maintenance of a healthy lifestyle, regardless of disease awareness. This finding suggests that development of practical, evidence-based guidelines is necessary and that provision and expansion of educational programs for T2DM patients is critical after diagnosis.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제15권21호
• /
• pp.9307-9312
• /
• 2014

Background: Hope is an important coping resource for cancer patients. Types and sources of hope and hope-inspiring strategies are not well investigated among Iranian cancer patients. The aims of present study were therefore to investigate the nature of hope and some demographic predictors of hope among Iranian cancer patients. Materials and Methods: This descriptive-correlational study was undertaken among 200 cancer patients admitted to an educational center affiliated to Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Iran. Participants were selected using a convenience sampling method. The Herth Hope Index and other validated questionnaires were used to investigate level of hope and types and sources of hope, as well as hope-inspiring strategies. Data were analyzed using SPSS statistical software. Results: The overall score for hope was 31 from total scores ranging between 12 and 48. Some 94% of patients mentioned 'return to normal life' and 'complete healing of disease by drugs and physicians' as their main hopes. The most important sources of hope reported by patients include spiritual resources, family members, healthcare workers, and medicines and treatments available for the disease. Relationship with God, praying/blessing, controlling the signs and symptoms of the disease, and family/health care workers' support were the main hope-inspiring strategies. Patients who had a history of metastasis, or who were older, illiterate, divorced/widowed and lived with their children reported lower levels of hope. On the other hand, employed patients and those with good support from their families had higher levels of hope. Conclusions: The study findings showed moderate to high levels of hope among Iranian cancer patients. Accordingly, the role of spiritual/religion, family members and health care workers should be considered in developing care plans for these patients.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• 제40권3호
• /
• pp.242-248
• /
• 2007

It is known that onion increases antioxidative and antibiotic capacity, and decreases blood pressure and cholesterol levels. The study was carried out to investigate whether ethanol extract of onion can enhance blood lipid profiles in hypercholesterolemic patients. Foully three hypercholesterolemic patients were randomly divided into 2 groups; 25 in controls and 18 in experimental group. The control group was offered to take placebo for 4 weeks (200 ml/day), and experimental group was offered to consume ethanol extract of onion for 8 weeks (200 ml/day that corresponds to 500 g of onion). There were no differences in sex, age, body mass index (BMI) and educational levels between groups before treatment. After 8 weeks of onion extract consumption, plasma triglycerides level was significantly decreased in experimental group compared to control (p<0.05). Total cholesterol level was tended to decrease in experimental group, but there was no significant difference of change between control and experimental group. The levels of plasma glucose and LDL-cholesterol were not changed significantly after onion extract consumption. In summary, alcohol extract of onion may have a positive effect on the lipid profiles of hypercholesterolemia patients through decreasing plasma triglyceride concentration.