• 한국간호교육학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.17-23
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• 1995

One of the biggest problems of Nursing Education in Korea is the division among nursing education programs of the last 3 and 4 years. To solve this problem, Nursing community must do variable trials to achieve the unity of a 4-year educational program. With this, we need to observe the phenomena and reality of the present 4-year nursing educational program that we have. The object of this study is to analyse and discuss that we have. The object of this study is to analyse and discuss the problems and future strategies of 4-year Nursing Baccalaureate program. 1. Problems as nursing department in Medical School. 1) Many 4-year nursing baccalaureate programs are operating under the medical school as nursing department. So the academic development in nursing department is unprogressive and is not approved as unique discipline. 2) The operating system between nursing and medical department are different even though they are in the same school. 3) Inequality between nursing and medical department : In many case, the nursing professor can not attend administraion committees to discuss the medical school's operation because of many differences between nursing and medical organization. 4) Weakness of the leadership and the student activities in nursing student : The nursing student involvement is usually passive because of the difference of curriculum, less number than medical students and the difference between 4-year and 6-year education program. 5) There is the obscurity of the relationship between department of nursing and other departments in whole university. 2. Problems in nursing itself 1) We need to reconstruct nursing discipline. We must change from the disease centered model to health centered model and life cycle centered model so that we can be distinguished from medicine. We also must change from hospital centered nursing to all population centered nursing, 2) The improvement of curriculum ; When the independent framework of nursing discipline become established, we need to improve the curriculum. 3) The education of clinical practice ; Most nursing school programs are divided into professors who are lecturing the theory and clinical teachers who are teaching the nursing technique in the clinic. So, what is needed in nursing discipline is that the professors have a dual position. In America, The professor is required to be a clinical specialist and to have his or her clinic so that the professor become a good role model, teach the clinical practice effectively, and give the student the practice field. 4) To extend fields of nursing : At first, the school nurse must become the school health educator, a real teacher. The nurse must establish and operate a childern's wellbeing center or nursery school, a disabled people's house or senile's wellbeing center, a mental health center, and a health promotion clinic for healthy people. 5) The name 'nursing department' need to be considered. When the focus is to be changed from the disease model to health improvement model, we take into consideration change 'nursing college', 'nursing department' and 'nursing profession' to 'health science college' or 'health wellbeing college'. 6) We must have highly qualified academic students. Each Nursing educational faculties must have the high qualified students through the development of nursing educational program and the increment of scholarship. The Korean Nurses Association and The Korean Clinical Nurses Association need to make an endeavor for the improvement of work condition and payment of clinical nurses of hospitals who consist of 70% of all nursing manpower. 3. Improvement Strategy 1) All nursing educational program must be changed 4-year program gradually. 2) Nursing department need to try to become nursing college. 3) We need to study many researches for improvement of the problem in nursing discipline and nursing education. We need more interdisciplinary researches, and we need to be granted for that research. 4) We need to have many seminars and workshops thoughout the whole country to expand a sense of nursing education. 5) Drawing up a policies plan for the nursing educational improvement : The Korean Nurses Association, The Korean Academic Nursing Association, Korea Nursing College and department President's Committee, and Korea Academic Society of Nursing Education must try for the development of nursing educational improvement and ask for government frame the policy to develop nursing education.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제39권6호
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• pp.469-476
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• 2006

Objectives : To investigate the effect of parents' social class on infant and child mortality rates among the birth cohort, for the period of transition to and from the Koran economic crisis 1995-2004. Methods : All births reported to between 1995 and 2004 (n=5,711,337) were analyzed using a Cox regression model, to study the role of the social determinants of parents in infant and child mortality. The results were adjusted for the parents' age, education and occupation, together with mother's obstetrical history. Results. The crude death rate among those under 10 was 3.71 per 1000 births (21,217 deaths among 5,711,337 births) between 1995 and 2004. The birth cohorts from lower educated parents less than elementary school showed higher mortality rates compared with those from higher educated parents over university level (HR:3.0 (95%CI:2.8-3.7) for father and HR:3.4 (95%CI:3.3-4.5) for mother). The mother's education level showed a stronger relationship with mortality among the birth cohort than that of the fathers. The gaps in infant mortality rates by parents' social class, and educational level became wider from 1995 to 2004. In particular, the breadth of the existing gap between higher and lower parents' social class groups has dramatically widened since the economic crisis of 1998. Discussions : This study shows that social differences exist in infant and child mortality rates. Also, the gap for the infant mortality due to social class has become wider since the economic crisis of 1998.

• 한국인구학
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.179-198
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• 2011

본 논문의 목적은 연령과 교육수준이 한국인의 만성질환에 미치는 영향을 분석하는 데 있다. 이를 위해 한국노동연구원이 2006년에 수집한 '고령화연구패널조사(KLoSA: Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing)'에 참여한 45세 이상의 한국인을 분석하였다. 분석결과는 먼저 연령과 만성질환이 비선형 관계를 갖고 있음을 보여준다. 연령이 증가함에 따라 응답자가 만성질환을 앓고 있을 확률도 증가하나 약 74세를 기준으로 다시 감소한다. 또한 이러한 연령과 만성질환의 관계는 교육수준에 따라 다르게 나타났다. 교육수준이 낮을수록 상대적으로 이른 나이에 만성질환이 발현하여 70대 초까지 상대적으로 만성질환에 노출될 확률이 높게 나타난다. 그러나 이러한 교육수준에 따른 건강격차는 수렴현상(convergence)을 보이다가 70대 초반 이후부터 역전되어 다시 분기(divergence)한다. 즉, 고령층에서는 오히려 교육수준이 높을수록 만성질환을 가질 확률이 높게 나타나는 것이다. 이러한 결과는 교육수준이 낮은 사람들이 만성질환에 상대적으로 더 젊은 나이에 노출되고 결국에는 이른 사망으로 이어질 수 있다는 점을 함의한다.

• 기독교교육논총
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• 제72권
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• pp.273-291
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• 2022

연구 목적 : 지속 가능한 발전은 성장이라는 현재의 필요만이 아니라 미래 세대의 발전을 침해하지 않는 선에서 현재의 발전을 도모하는 것을 중요하게 여긴다. 이를 위해서는 경제, 환경, 사회통합이 적절히 달성되어야 하며, 이것의 현실화를 위하여 거버넌스가 요구된다. 지속 가능한 발전교육이란 미래를 위한 교육으로 모든 곳 모든 이들이 소외되지 않고 적합한 교육을 받게 하여 건강한 사회와 성공적인 경제 활동을 향유하게 하려는 것이다. 본 연구는 지속 가능한 발전에 대한 시대적 관심과 필요에 부응하여 기독교학교에서 지향하는 성경적 샬롬 개념이 이러한 개념과 어떻게 연결되는지 그 의미를 대비 분석하고 기독교교육적 적용점을 논의하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 연구 내용 및 방법 : 본 연구는 먼저 지속가능한 발전 개념의 출현 배경과 의미를 고찰한다. 그리고 이것의 개념이 교육의 영역에서 어떻게 적용되어 왔는지 살펴보면서 특별히 사회통합적 차원에서 정의를 다룬다. 이를 토대로 성경에서 가르치는 샬롬과 지속 가능한 발전 개념을 대비하면서 이 개념의 기독교교육적 적용점을 논의하고자 한다. 결론 및 제언 : 지속 가능한 발전은 정의와 샬롬을 추구하는 기독교학교 및 기독교교육의 본질적 목표에서 발견된다. 그리스도인은 청지기적 사명으로 타락한 세상에서 회복을 향한 봉사적 사명을 부여 받는다. 기독교학교는 먼저 지적 차원에서 학생들로 기독교적 사고를 하게 하므로 청지기적 사명을 가지고 환경과 경제적 공평과 사회통합을 위해 봉사하게 한다. 또한 기독교학교는 지적 차원을 넘어서 모든 곳 모든 이들에게 번영이 이루어지기까지 정의와 샬롬을 지향하는 실천적 차원을 사명으로 삼는다. 기독교학교는 기독교교육적 관점에서 회복을 통해 정의와 샬롬을 추구한다는 점에서 지속 가능한 발전을 현실화하는 주요한 교육 기관으로 자리하고 있다. 이런 점에서 기독교 학교는 모든 곳 모든 이들을 위한 정의와 샬롬을 추구하므로 지속가능한 발전에 대한 참된 실천을 수행해야 한다.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.163-182
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• 2012

This study was performed to identify the difference of the area-based deprivation and the educational level on the cerebrovascular mortality in Korea. Data used in this study was obtained from the Death Certificate Data 2000 and the 2000 Census produced by Korean National Statistics(NSO). We classified the whole country into 246 areas based on the administrative districts. Then, the Standardized Mortality Ratio (SMR) in cerebrovascular disease was calculated according to the sex, education level and 246 areas. Its Predicted SMR was calculated by the Empirical Bayes Methods to reduce the variation of the SMR values. The area-based deprivation of 246 areas were measured using the modified Carstairs index in which the 5 indicators consisted of overcrowding, the unemployment ratio of men, the percentage of households classified low social class, the percentage of non home owners, and finally those houses lacking basic amenities. The correlation between the area-based deprivation and the SMR of the whole country and the correlation between the area-based deprivation and the SMR of each metropolitan cities or provinces was analyzed by the Pearson correlation analysis method. After classifying the deprivation of 246 areas into 5 levels, we performed the random intercept Poisson regression analysis after adjusting education level and age using Empirical Bayes Method to investigate the relationship between the 5 deprivation levels and the cerebrovascular mortality. The SMR was increased in lower education level. Each 246 areas had different values in SMR, Predicted SMR and area-based deprivation. The area-based deprivation and the SMR of the whole country was not correlated in both sexes. The education level of an individual was associated the risk of cerebrovascular mortality in men. The risk of cerebrovascular mortality increased with age compared to the reference(<30). The area-based deprivation was not associated with the risk of cerebrovascular in both sexes. The findings of this study suggest that the SMR had positive and negative correlations with area-based deprivation depending on the metropolitan cities or province. It also suggests that the individual education level and age were related with mortality and finally that the area-based deprivation was not associated to the cerebrovascular mortality in Korea.