• 복식
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• 제63권8호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2013

This study examines the processes and characteristics of modern Korean embroidery art from the beginning of Korean modern times to 1945 which was the year of independence from Japan. An objective basis is presented by the analysis of articles and illustrations from the press and publications of the corresponding times. The significance of this study is to research the modern Korean embroidery art, which connected traditional times with modern Korean culture in order to investigate its identity. Due to Korea's modern embroidery art being started in the Japanese colonial times, there are some limits in it because of it being influenced by Western modern embroidery art and Japanese embroidery design. However, modern Korean embroidery art expanded from the private space to public space such as schools, open lectures and exhibitions. It has also accepted diverse foreign embroidery forms, which have been commercialized and accepted as art. The embroidery craft as commerce and art has given women the chance to achieve economic independence and to improve their social status. Modern Korean embroidery was art for the modern woman who had been educated in academic art, as well as a liberal art for wealthy housewives. It was the foundation of economic independence for poor rural women. It can be concluded that Modern Korean embroidery art has been accepted and developed by women in modern times.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.431-446
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to analyze the gender role changes of Korean women reflected on their costumes during 20th century. To analyze the diachronic gender role changes, social environments(education, job, economy, family systems, mass-media) of 20 th century were inquired by 10 years and comparatively analyzed with 680 images of representative costumes each periods. The results are as followed. 1) $1900s{\sim}1910s$: The most representative women's gender role was a wise mother and good wife. Therefore the adopted western costume, a symbol of civilization, were represented women as a passive and sexual object of man. 2) $1920s{\sim}1930s$: 'Shin Yeosung(Modern Girl)' was the representative gender role of that time. They were the symbol of enlightenment and new education. Their costumes influenced to the changes of traditional Hanbok in functional side. 3) $1940s{\sim}1950s$: In World War II. a strong and stubborn women were wanted to support their family. They threw feminity and changed their costumes into an active and functional 'Mombbe'. 4) $1960s{\sim}1970s$: Women asserted Gender equality and resisted the traditional women's gender role. Mini Skirts and Unisex costumes were symbolic costumes reflecting the changes. 5) 1980s: The self confidence of women's gender role affected the androgynous look and body-conscious look in modern fashion. 6) $1990s{\sim}2000s$: Now, the dichotomy of gender role is not no longer effective way to understand the social changes and fashion trend rather than personal characteristics and lifestyle trends.

• 동양고전연구
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• 제56호
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• pp.267-295
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• 2014

본 논문은 1920~30년대 근대 척독집에 실려 있는 여성 서간문의 자료 상황을 정리하여 제시하고, 척독집 소재 여성 서간문에 나타난 젠더의식의 특징적 양상을 분석하였다. 이를 위해 20~30년대 대표적인 척독집 다섯 종에 실려 있는 여성 서간 55편의 자료 상황을 정리하여, 서간의 대상이 주로 가문의 '남성'이고 '답서'의 형태라는 점을 지적하였다. 이는 척독집 저자들이 여성의 한문 서간을 주도적인 의사소통의 매체로써보다는 남성과의 피할 수 없는 소통의 필요 상황에 대응하게 하기 위한 수단으로 인식하고 있다고 보았다. 척독집 내 여성 서간에 나타난 젠더 의식의 양상은 첫째, 여성들을 가족 내적 위치와 역할로 호명하고 재설정함으로써 전통적인 성별 질서를 재확인하고 있다는 것이다. 두 번째 젠더 의식의 양상은 근대적 젠더 질서를 반영한 듯한 여성 학업 소재가 실상 매우 제한적이고 회의적인 시선 하에서 언급되고 있다는 것이다. 세 번째 젠더 의식의 특징적 양상은 척독 소재 여성 서간에서 유독 '경제 활동에 대한 훈계'라는 모티프가 두드러진다는 점이며, 이러한 설정은 척독집 저자들이 생계 유지와 가계 관리의 책무를 여성에게 전가하는 한 방편이라고 보았다. 척독집의 여성 서간은 근대 여성 한문 글쓰기의 가능성을 보여준다는 점에서 주목되는 자료이지만, 본고의 분석에 따르면 철저히 남성중심적 상상력 안에서 재단된 여성 형상과 여성 글쓰기를 보여주는 텍스트이다. 즉 여성 서간 텍스트는 척독집 자료군의 보수적 회귀성을 더 선명하게 읽어볼 수 있게 하는 의의를 가진다.

• 복식
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• 제60권7호
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• pp.88-102
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• 2010

The research examines the characteristics of the sewing methods used for women's Jeogori in modern Korea. The results are following. In the 1920s sewing of shoulder parts was started, and in the 1930s sewing by hand had reduced by dissemination of sewing-machine, and in the 1940s the Som-jeogori declined by the matter of economic and sanitary issues. In the 1950s four-fold sewing emerged, and during the 1960s the gause-lined triple-layered Jeogori was in fashion, and in the 1970s the Ggaeggi-jeogori and much elaborated Jeogori became in vogue. The characteristics of the sewing methods are changed by following factors. First, the dissemination of sewing-machine in the 1930's enabled fast and precise sewing of Jeogori which reduced the rate of clothes mending and the production period. Second, by development of washing method, the dry cleaning became common, resulting cleaner washing and better preservation. Third, introduction of western clothes gave rise to modernized Han-bok which was changed into practical and simple one. Fourth, by the introduction of synthetic textile and industry development, Jeogori with no armhole line or right Seop line was made using wide selection of textiles. Fifth, in 1945~60s, women learned' good wife and wise mother' education and the use of sewing machine in school. The clothing lifestyle affected the sewing method's change, for example, clothes sewed strongly by sewing machine not to take clothes apart, and attaching button instead of Go-reum to save clothes.

• 복식
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• 제5권
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• pp.153-163
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• 1981

Since Korea opened the door to the Western World, traditional costume has changed. The factors of change are as follows: 1) Cultural diffusion by the cultural contact is the foundamental factor of the costume change. 2) The government made edicts of clothing reform. The formal dresses of government official were simplified several times, the edict was issued for men to cut off their hair, and military uniform and government officials' dresses were west-ernized. 3) The diffusion of modernized education by the missionary school accerlerated clothing change. Students were ahead of the abolition of Suege-Chima (which is a sort of veil used to conceal woman's face). 4) The change in the activity of women in society made the women's dresses more convenient for action. 5) The open class system and social agitation speeded up the rate of change. During the Yi Dynasty class distinction was rigid, but the government made the laws which abolished the class distiction.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.113-126
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• 2007

Since the ancient times, black has been the most valuable color. Also, it has played a more important role in a history of fashion than other colors. In general, black was regarded as a color of negative images. However, as people have recognized the aesthetic value of black color, they have expressed unique and various images of black through the medium of clothes. This studies on images of black dress for woman was based on reference to literatures and valid investigations. The images toward black clothing are categorized by study participants' perceptions according to age, marital status and education. The result was as followed. Dignity and modernity were the most frequently cited image of black dress among women followed by feminine, sorrow, sensuality, and abstinence. Age significantly affected the recognition of black dress images. Woman showed significant difference in recognizing dignity, modernity, sensuality, and sorrow in black dress according to their age. Woman more strongly recognize dignity and modernity in black dress when they are younger, while increasingly recognizing abstinence and sensuality in black dress as they become older. Marital status significantly affected woman's recognition of black dress. They showed meaningful difference in recognizing dignity, modernity, and abstinence in black color. In sum, single women recognized more easily dignity and modernity in black dress and less easily abstinence than married women. Women also showed the trend with relation to education level. In general, as women got higher education, they also increasingly recognized dignity and modernity in black dress.

• 한국의상디자인학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.41-53
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• 2014

Contemporary fashion designers are keen on linking the past and the present through culture and fashion by the attempt to investigate and research on the costumes recorded in its history and to reinterpret it on their own terms. Covering the history of culture ranging from the 70s and 80s to the ancient Greek and Egyptian periods, these reinterpretations also reflect the latest fad of the times in which a fashion designer lives and works. Above all, Rococo costume from the eighteenth century is one of the fashion styles adored by fashion designers. What constitute the costume of this period creating the image of sensual women are not only the form of outfit, colors, the design of accessories, shoes and hairstyle but also the details such as frills, ribbons and flower decorations. In contemporary times, the original Rococo style has been modified and turned into various styles in the haute couture and street fashion. These modernized styles include Rock Rococo, Modern Rococo, Lolita Look, Gyaru Fashion and etc., all of which adopt the Rococo style and consider it as the symbol of feminine beauty. However, their approaches to the original Rococo style differ from each other. Hence, advocating the elegance of women is not invariably the case. Often, the interpretations of the Rococo are unconventional, defiant and wild. And, sometimes, these new versions of Rococo are overly exaggerated and emphasized or, reversely, reduced. In this research, various references on the Rococo elements such as colors, forms, accessories and detailed features that has influenced on the contemporary fashion will be analyzed. This analysis will demonstrate how the Rococo style of the eighteenth century has been integrated into contemporary fashion giving birth to new Rococo fashion styles.

• 한국가정과교육학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.23-35
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to investigation the eating habits and health-related behaviors of adolescent students. 700 students are randomly selected in 6 high schools in Chunchon area. The most students take three meals a day. but most of girl students take less two meals a day or often go without a meal. There are the tendency that boy-students are more satisfied with their meal habits, but they have the health problems caused by irregular meals. There are more boy-students have the regularity of meal habits than girl students. and the former have the more tendency of going without a meal than the later which shows that girl-students have to give more attention to their health management. Their sleeping hours are not enough to recover the tiredness. The higher grads they are in the less time they have to take a rest. The tenth grads students are shown to feel the most serious stress. but have few opportunities to take a medical examination, which means that we have insufficiency of health education as a precautionary measures. Accordingly, it is important that teachers have to provide students with education of good meal habit which is fit to their real life. In modern times, as there are the tendency that more women participate in the social activity. we will reinforce the education that the boy-students may take active part in the health management without distinction of the roles between boy and girls-students.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.642-657
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• 2017

지금으로부터 500년 전에 발생했던 루터의 종교개혁은 교회 안의 부패와 모순, 성경신학적 문제들을 세상에 드러내면서 성경과 초대교회의 가르침으로 돌아가자고 주장했던 "교회 안"만의 개혁이 아니었다. 그로 인해 시작된 종교개혁은 사회 전반적인 모든 분야에 영향을 미쳤고 중세에서 근세로 넘어가는 결정적인 디딤돌이 되었다. 본 연구의 목적은 16세기에 발생했던 루터의 종교개혁 과정에서 분명하게 드러났던 사회복지개혁적 특징이 무엇이었는지를 살펴보고 그것을 현대 기독교적 입장, 특별히 선교적 교회의 관점에서 어떻게 적용할 수 있는지를 제안하는 것이었다. 따라서 본론에서는 이신칭의와 만인사제설 교리가 루터종교개혁의 사상적 토대였음을 확인하였고 신양약자와 여성들과 같이 사회적 약자들에 대한 특별한 관심을 가지면서 현실을 무시하지 않았던 종교개혁이 루터의 종교개혁적 특징임을 살펴보았다. 루터의 사회복지 정책으로는 크게 세 분야로 나누어 볼 수 있는데 가난한 자들을 위한 구호활동, 교육사업, 그리고 경제정책이었다. 그리고 마지막으로 오늘날 현대 기독교가 루터의 사회복지개혁적 특징들을 계승하여 발전시킬 사항으로 현실을 무시하지 않는 사회적 복지실천, 교회의 올바른 실천적인 사회책임 이해, 지역공동체를 위한 실제적 복지실천을 제안하였다.

• 비교문화연구
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• 제33권
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• pp.385-406
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• 2013

This research starts based on the assumption that the changes of educational system in China which had been caused by accepting western educational system in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China are indeed considered as a paradigm shift of educational system in China, This research aims first to investigate what kinds of problems and changes Chinese educational system confronted at that time and second to examine what kinds of implications such changes and problems of paradigm shift may have today in China. In order to achieve the goals of this research, I first researched changes and characteristics of educational paradigm shift occurred in the history of China. On the basis of those findings, I tried to analyze acculturation problems of Chinese educational system for that of western countries at that time, their implications in present time Chinese educational system, and the possibility of further paradigmatic shift in present Chinese education. In this paper, I assumed three historical paradigmatic shifts in educational system in China which had big influences on the foundation of Chinese education, such as the introduction of Confucian Thoughts, the introduction of Civil Examination System in Sui Dynasty, and lastly the introduction of western educational system in the late Qing Dynasty. The last paradigmatic shift occurred by the introduction of western education system into China was very different from the previous two paradigmatic shifts in China in that it was literally initiated by the world with cultures different from those of China, and that's why it is called Spatial Collision. It was also one of the many changes China had been forced to confront unvoluntarily. It was done for many other complicated factors such as the greed of western imperialistic countries, spreading of Christianity and missionary education, domestic resistance against long feudal reigning of Qing Dynasty, and lastly the intellect's eagerness for new knowledge and new ways of thinking. What is surely regretful for the paradigmatic shift of Chinese educational system was that it had been triggered by those many heterogeneous factors, thereby leading to such a sudden, entire and complete shift of Chinese education system. In addition, it was done without a deeper and further consideration of Chinese education system with thousand years of tradition. This situation could be understood to be an impetus strong enough to encourage the advent of a new paradigm propelled by rapid economic growth of China, many problems of western education system, reconsideration of Chinese tradition, and strengthening of women power in China, etc.