• 아태비즈니스연구
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.119-139
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• 2023

Purpose - This study is the first field study about the insurance market in North Korea. By analysing the information and the data collected from the visit to North Korea, we introduced the most recent change on the insurance market in North Korea and analyzed the impact of the change of economic policy on the insurance market. This study may enhance the understanding the current situation and provide expectations on the future of the insurance market in North Korea. Design/methodology/approach - This study is based on the field study doen in 2018 to Pyeong Yang, the capital of North Korea, The most information was collected from the legal documents, news papers and academic reports. Findings - During his regime from the year of 2012, Kim Jong Eun, the Supreme Leader of North Korea, initiated the drastic change in economic renovation policy in North Korea by shifting the economic system from the commodity economy to the market economy. Due to the policy, the insurance market in North Korea became marginally privatized and the market of life insurance contracts is expected to be increased if North Korea may resolve the political conflicts between North Korea and the United States and its allies in Asia mainly due to its nuclear testing. Research implications or Originality - Until now, very few studies have been done regarding the financial market in North Korea, especially about the insurance market. Our study provides unique information on the insurance market in North Korea because all the information and its implications are based on the field study in 2018.

• 스마트미디어저널
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.44-51
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• 2020

1990년대 중후반 이래 북한경제에 많은 변화가 나타나는 것은 분명하다. 2012년 김정은 집권 이후 그 변화는 더욱 뚜렷하게 나타나고 있기 때문에 시기별 경제정책 흐름을 추적하여 변화추이를 파악하는 데 논문의 목적이 있다. 본 논문에서는 텍스트마이닝 분석기법인 LDA 토픽모델링을 활용하여 북한에서 발간되는 경제 분야 대표문헌인 경제학술지 『경제연구』 논문을 분석한다. 『경제연구』에 게재된 논문을 기본 텍스트로 활용하여 북한 경제 전략과 정책변화를 파악한다. 북한에서 생산되는 경제 관련 학술지로 독보적 위치를 차지하고 있는 『경제 연구』에 대한 심층 분석은 북한 당국이 경제 관련 인식하고 있는 현실, 직면 하고 있는 한계, 대안 등을 추적하는데 필수적인 작업이라고 할 수 있다. 다양한 북한 경제 관련 논쟁 주제가 숨어있는 『경제연구』를 빅데이터를 통해 분석하여 북한 지도자의 경제정책 흐름을 살펴보고, 현 김정은 체제가 의도하는 '변화'의 내용을 분석한다.

• 동아시아경상학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.11-21
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• 2022

Purpose - Beginning from the formation of the two governments, South and North Korea in 1948, North Korean collective economy as per trade in exchange strategies with right of way employed on heavy and chemical companies, against the external concerned with South Korean selling economy. This study aims to provide solutions for the joint economic prosperity of South and North Korea in the future. Research design, Data, and methodology - This study adopted a qualitative content analysis research method. This research method focuses on themes and concepts that are present in previous literature. This method seeks to derive relationships and meanings by analyzing themes and concepts within existing data. Result - According to qualitative textual analysis, the findings indicate that there are total seven solutions to lead the joint economic prosperity of South and North Korea (Technology Innovation, Energy and Construction, Construction companies and the Gulf market; Oppression via negotiation, Sports and Culture, Agenda-setting and Framing; Competition System). Conclusion - The Korean Government's association strategies outlines tackled in this study are uniform to each other because they are phased, peaceful, regular, and well-designed. But there were situations in which diminutive tenure North Korea approaches was enlisted beyond medium-to-lasting-period union strategies. North Korea should allow a free market whereby its citizens can freely trade among themselves and other people from South Korea.

• 토지주택연구
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.1-20
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• 2022

본 연구는 북·중 및 북·중·러 접경지역을 경유한 북한관광에 대한 한국인의 수요를 추정하고, 북한지역에서 지출할 것으로 예상되는 관광지출액을 도출하여, 북한 지역경제 파급효과를 추정하였다. 북한 방문이 가능한 상황을 전제로 향후 5년 이내에 해당 지역을 방문할 의향이 있는지 물어 본 결과 응답자의 약 64.1%가 방문하겠다고 답하였다. 응답자의 방문의사를 기초로 마켓팅분야의 구매의도분석을 적용하여 수요를 도출한 결과 관광수요는 연간 연인원 4,136,361명으로 나타났다. 1인당 평균지출액은 153만 2천원, 총지출액은 6조 3,369억원으로 나타났다. 총지출액 중에서 항공료를 제외한 후 방문지역마다 균등하게 지출한다는 가정하에, 북한지역에 지출될 금액을 추정해 본 결과 2조 8,387억원으로 나타났다. 이 지출액이 북한 지역경제에 미칠 후방파급효과는 총생산유발 7조 9,721억원, 부가가치유발 2조 6,194억원, 취업유발 약 2,890,443명으로 나타났다. 추정한 부가가치유발효과는 한국은행이 추계한 2020년 북한 명목 GDP의 약 7.6%에 달하는 것으로 나타나, 한국인의 북한관광에 따른 지출은 북한 지역경제에 유의미한 영향을 줄 것으로 보인다. 한국인의 해외여행 증가에 따라 북한관광수요도 꾸준히 증가할 가능성이 있으므로 여건이 개선된다면, 북한 관광인프라개발을 위한 남북협력도 필요하다.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 1998년도 추계학술대회 논문집 학회본부A
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• pp.248-252
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• 1998

The ACE Engineering, Inc. (ACE) of Seoul, Korea and The Energy Systems Institute (SEI) of Irkutsk, Russia has extensively studied the formation of an interconnected electric power systems throughout the North Eastern Asia Region(NEAR). The region encompasses East Siberia (ESR), Far East of Russia(FER), North East China(NEC), Mongolia(MON), North Korea(NKOR), South Korea(SKOR). Although geographically adjacent to each other, these countries and territories have different levels and rates of economic development, possess different reserves of energy resources which complement each other and hence, can interact to their mutual benefits. This Project is called Peace Network Project (PNP) because it seems to contribute for development of power economy and clean environment. In a word, the PEACE Network is expected to serve as "Power Economy And Clean Environment Network" and to promote the international cooperation. to expedite the peaceful reunification of North & South Korea and to revive the Korean culture in the North, and eventually contribute to the human prosperity.

• 산경연구논집
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.27-34
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• 2020

Purpose: North Korea is a very close country geographically and culturally, but the nation has been one of the most secretive countries in the world. However, in recent years, North Korean society has been known to rapidly change its economic environment as well as its diplomatic and political environment. Since the gaining power of Jong-un, Kim in 2012, the North Korean government has implemented a new set of economic policies. North Korea has embraced limited market systems and mechanisms that have become a part of the formal planned economy. This study is concerned with the recent changes in the market and marketing activities of the communist country. It also seeks to gain an understanding of the changing market behavior of North Korean consumers. The purpose of this study is to enhance understanding of the market environments of North Korea and to provide appropriate implications for practitioners and researchers. Research design, data and methodology: Academic access to information that can understand North Korea's reality is minimal. Therefore, this study was conducted based on a qualitative analysis of secondary data. The existing literature on North Korea, related news and reports were the basis of the analysis. Analysis of secondary data related to North Korea was the main methodology of the study. Results: The official ideology of North Korea rejected most aspects of marketing, and yet there were marketing activities in North Korea. This article focuses on the development of market and marketing activities in North Korea during the recent years. This study indirectly confirmed that the market function is being activated in North Korea, and the basic functions of marketing such as advertisement, price, and distribution are being formed. In this process, the activation of the 'Jangmadang(market)' played a significant role. Conclusions: Research shows that North Korea is rapidly developing its own market function. In addition, marketing activities such as advertising and pricing strategies seem to be unprecedentedly active. However, due to changes in the political environment, the future development of North Korea's marketing is still in flux. Efforts to improve mutual understanding through continuous research are required.

• 자원ㆍ환경경제연구
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.313-336
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• 2007

본 연구는 북한경제관련 전문기관이나 전문가들의 연구결과와 불완전하게나마 발표되거나 간접적으로 도출된 북한의 통계자료들을 통계학적인 방법으로 통합하여 에너지 부문이 구분된 북한의 2005년도 산업연관표를 추정하였다. 이렇게 추정된 산업연관표를 이용하여 에너지 부문에 대한 대북투자가 북한경제의 산업별 산출과 부가가치에 미치는 효과를 투입-산출 분석과 CGE 분석을 이용하여 계산하였다. 전력산업에 대한 40억 달러의 대북투자는 총산출을 3억 6,802만 달러 증가시키고 총부가가치를 1억 5,599만 달러 증가시키는 것으로 계산되었고 석유산업에 대한 1.5억 달러의 대북투자는 총산출을 2,046만 달러 증대시키고 총부가가치를 965만 달러 증가시키는 것으로 나타났다.

• 정보화정책
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.3-27
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• 2015

본 연구는 북한정보 연구와 관련된 2010년부터 2014년까지의 국내 연구 400편들을 분석하였다. 최근 북한정보의 연구동향을 분석하는 데 있어서 그 내용상 범주 또한 특정 분야로 한정해야 함에 따라 분석대상이 되는 연구 분야를 북한의 정치 외교, 경제, 군사, 사회 문화, 인권의 5개 분야로 나누어 자료를 수집하여 분석하고 비교 하였다. 각 분야별 연구실적은 대체로 20%내외로 분포되어있어 북한에 대한 연구가 여러 분야에서 고르게 이루어지고 있음을 알 수 있다. 발간유형별로 보면 연구논문뿐만 아니라 학위논문과 단행본의 연구건수도 북한이외의 다른 정보 분야의 연구동향과 달리 높은 수치를 보이고 있다. 이는 과거에 정치나 군사 분야가 북한관련 주된 연구영역이었던 경향과는 전혀 다른 모습을 보인다. 다양해진 북한에 대한 연구는 환영할만한 일이지만 향후 보다 더 질적인 성장이 필요하며 북한정보에 대한 신뢰성문제도 아직 해결되지 못하고 있는 문제점으로 지적된다.

• 통상정보연구
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.135-156
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• 2005

Since July 7 mutual declaration in 1988 which is a landmark for South-North Korean relations, Inter-Korean Trade has been set out. During the period, the Inter-Korean Trade has been ups and downs depending on the Inter-Korean relations and economic situation of both countries. South Korea became one of the major three trading countries of North Korea's trading partners in 2000, when the sum of annual trade volume reached the record 425million US dollars. A rapidly increasing number of countries including North Korea are developing national policies and strategies to promote the digital economy, recognizing the potential benefits of e-business as an engine of growth and development. However, the trade structure of South-North Korea remains very simple in terms of its contents. Furthermore trade procedure many limitations especially electronic commerce in North Korea has many obstacles to working properly. The information in Inter-Korean trade cannot be shared in common. South Korean firms have suffered repeatedly trial and error and excessive competition took place among South Korean firms. Institutional inertia related to mutual trade, political and military Impacts on Inter-Korean economic relations, abnormal industrial structure of North Korea and insufficiency of SOC could be mentioned as major problems in Inter-Korean trade as well. Several measures should be taken in order to cope with those problems. First of all, South Korean government should provide valuable information to business firms about North Korean economy and business environments. It is suggested that forums related to inter-Korean trade hold in regular base between South and North Koreas and establish the system of business information sharing. Second, the government should improve various laws and regulations to respond to the realistic needs of inter-Korean trade. That is, detailed measures should be taken to guarantee investment in electronic commerce. Third, it is desirable to start with the mutual agreement between South and North Korea.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.1-25
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• 2020

The international community's sanctions against North Korea, triggered by North Korea's nuclear tests and by missile development in the country, are considered the strongest sanctions in history, banning exports of North Korea's major items and limiting imports of machinery and oil products. Accordingly, North Korea's trade volume decreased to the level of collapse after the sanctions, meaning that the sanctions against North Korea were considered to be effective. However, according to this paper, which analyzed the price fluctuations of refined petroleum products in North Korea through the methodology of an event study, the market prices of oil products were only temporarily affected by the sanctions and remained stable over the long run despite the restrictions on the volumes of refined petroleum products introduced. This can be explained by evidence that North Korea has introduced refined oil supplies that are not much different from those before the sanctions through its use of illegal transshipments even after the sanctions. With regard to strategic materials such as refined oil, the North Korean authorities are believed to be desperately avoiding sanctions by, for instance, finding loopholes in the sanctions to meet the minimum level of demand.