• 한국항행학회논문지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.313-318
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• 2011

최근 들어서 가상화 기술이 유망기술로 인정받고 있지만, 이 기술은 이미 1960년대부터 시작된 기술이었다. 이때의 기술은 시스템을 효율적으로 사용하기 보다는 서비스에 목적을 두어 가상화가 되었고, 이후 기술이 지속적으로 발전하면서 x86 기반의 서버에서 가상화 기술이 실제적으로 적용되고 있다. 가상화 기술을 이용하는 가장 큰 이유는 경제적인 이득일 것이다. 서버들을 따로 따로 운영해야 할 경우, 전기세와 서버 구입비용 및 유지보수 비용 등이 많이 들지만, 이것을 가상화 기술로 통합하게 되면 서비스는 똑같이 할 수 있으면서 운영비(인건비 포함)가 상대적으로 절감되기 때문이다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 가상화 기술의 트렌드를 분석하고 서버통합 방안에 대한 로드맵을 제안하였다.

• 한국전통조경학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.82-91
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• 2013

본 연구는 서울시 성북구 성북동을 대상으로 근대 이후 문화재와 주변 경관 변화과정 및 원인을 사회 문화적인 측면에서 설명하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 1962년부터 2010년까지 사용한 폐쇄지적도를 이용하여 필지를 분석하고, 문헌자료를 참고하여 연구하였다. 시대별 변화과정 확인이 가능한 성락원, 마포최사영고택, 서울선잠단지, 서울한양도성을 위주로 변화과정을 추적하였으며, 문화재의 소경관(素景觀)을 검토하고 필지 변화와 함께 경관변천을 분석하였다. 성락원은 1954년에 송석정과 연못이 조성된 모습을 소경관이라 볼 수 있으며, 마포최사영고택은 2003년 이후 성북동으로 이전 복원한 것, 서울선잠단지는 1960년대 개발로 현재의 터만 남게 된 모습을, 서울한양도성은 숙종30년에 석성으로 개축한 것을 각 문화재의 소경관으로 정의하였다. 성락원은 제도적 요인에 의해 변화가 생겼고, 마포최사영고택과 주변 경관은 사회경제적 요인에 의해 변화가 생겼으며, 서울 선잠단지와 그 주변은 사회경제적 제도적 요인에 의해, 서울한양도성과 그 주변은 기술적 제도적 요인에 의해 변화가 생겼다고 볼 수 있다. 이처럼 성북동의 문화재와 그 주변경관은 대체로 제도적 요인과 사회경제적 요인에 의해 변화가 생기는 것을 알 수 있었다. 근대 이후 서울의 도시계획이 성북동에도 영향을 미쳤으리라 예상되며, 자본주의 경제체제 확립이 그 배경이 된 것이라 판단된다. 따라서 문화자원으로서의 잠재적 가치를 인식한 바람직한 경관변화가 이루어지길 기대한다.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.61-74
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• 2012

우리나라는 1960년대에 들어서 경제개발계획의 수립과 더불어 산업발전 정책이 강력히 추진되기 시작하며 많은 산업단지가 조성되어 있다. 현재는 지속적인 발전이 가능한 산업단지로 만들기 위하여 정부에서는 산업단지에서 발생되는 부산물과 폐기물을 다른 기업의 원료나 에너지로 재활용하는 생태산업단지 구축사업을 추진하고 있다. 이와 관련하여 본 연구에서는 연구대상지역인 A 산업단지에서 발생되는 슬러지의 물리화학적 특성을 분석하였고, 슬러지의 에너지화 시설 설치에 따른 경제성 및 부대효과를 분석함으로써 사업화 가능성을 검토하였다. 연구대상지역인 A산업단지에서 발생되는 슬러지발생 업종의 비율은 92%가 석유 화학업종인 것으로 분석되었다. 이렇게 발생된 슬러지는 매립>소각>>재활용>해양투기의 순으로 처리되고 있는 것으로 조사되었으며 슬러지를 채취하여 분석한 결과 발생량 가중치 평균으로 3,891kcal/kg인 것으로 분석되었다. 분석된 기초 데이터를 바탕으로 건조시설과 열병합 발전소를 설치하여 운영 할 경우 설치비용, 운영비용, 운영이익을 산출하였고, 총 8가지 Case로 분류하여 흑자전환유무 및 그 시점에 대한 시뮬레이션을 하였다. 분석결과 건조시설과 열병합발전소를 설치 운영하며 국고지원을 받을 경우 3년에 원금회복 후 4년째부터 흑자를 나타낼 것으로 분석되어 사업화 경제성이 있는 것으로 평가되었다.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.33-68
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• 1993

The purpose of this paper is to survey the influence of the culture change on the dress and personal adornments, and to survey the change of factors from the August 15. 1945 to 1960, in connection with the social and cultural background, applying B. Malinowski′s "Theory of Culture Change" which means an acculturation is the change′s elements of the dress and its ornaments. It is remarkable that the dress and personal adornments of Korean women after August 15, 1945 has great change from the traditional dress of the thousands years. Through the Liveration on August 15, 1945, American military government and the establishment of the Korean government, American democracy has brought many changes on Korean society. Advancement of education, an society with developed economic life, and introduction of scientific skill have influenced on the women′s way of thinking and a style of behavior and the view of value. The acculturation, the supply of mass communication, introduction of new institution and the reorganization of the old institution, the change of the economic situation, the change of the educational system, the change of the point of value, the development of scientific skill have greatly influenced on the dress and personal adornments. Modern dress and personal adornments of Korean women has the following developing procedure. The Liberation from Japan on the 15th, of August, 1945, the stationing of American Soldiers during hte Koran War, returning of the oversea′s brethern, and the mass communication have the direct and indirect contact with western civilization, and bring the occasion of development of the modern dress of Korean women. The increase of mass communication, such as radio, TV, newspaper, magazines and the frequent fashion shows showed fine design and practical western style dress to the women. This was the real beginning of the western style dress in Korea. By the increase of employment and the improvement of the economic situation, the consumption of clothing and the adornments was increased, so that a wide variety of fashions was set, and numerous kind and form of dress came in. As the increase of the number of women students, their practical and free dress life demanded western style dress. After the Liberation from Japan, the open-door policy of sex, public morals and traditional ethics became lax, and in this disordered society, indecent expose of the body was common. By the different kind of technological development, the form, fabrics, colors and patterns in clothes were much influenced and the hair style, make up, shoes and adornments were much influenced too. As shown above, the change of the dress has the same connection with that of society and culture. This shows that the dress and personal adornments represent clearly the cultural phenomenon of the society and cultural change of the society.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2003

The urban park provides a safe rest and leisure area, and offers the beauty of nature to counter the drearyness of urban space. It can provide benefits such as the reduction of environmental pollution, the regulation of the local climate, and it can also provide a safe area during times of disaster. However, there was no interest in urban park development and control in Korea during the economic boom of the mid 1960s. Furthermore, during the industrialization process, the population grew significantly in the cities and the cities' scales were noticeably extended; as a result of this, the living environment and the natural environment in the cities worsened. With rapid urbanization and industrialization, urban green area diminished, and it became necessary to organize the urban park system to improve quality of life. 45% of south korea's population lives in 6 cities, which is only 4% of Korea's land size. The Urban park system has to be considered in the urban planning process. Paris' urban green system can be a role-model for Korea's urban green development plan to function organically. Urban public park concepts have been used in Paris's urban planning since 1850. There were hardly any parks, gardens and squares for the public before the middle of the 19th century. For improving life-styles for the poor, Napoleon III strongly supported the development of green space systems in Paris by G.E. Haussmann. Napoleon III and Haussmann established and applied the urban green regulation within Paris urban planning. The purpose of this study is to investigate the green regulations Haussmann's Paris urban plan and urban green space system: and as a result of this, it can be an indicator for urban green space development in Korea.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제60권1호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2021

1950년대에 종합적 유해생물관리(IPM)의 개념이 발달하기 시작하여 1960년대에는 경제학적 개념이 해충방제에 포함되기 시작하였다. 1970년대부터 미국과 유럽을 중심으로 종합방제와 관련된 연구가 진행되었다. 우리나라 병해충 종합방제에 관한 연구는 1970년대 감귤해충에 대한 종합방제연구와 통일계 품종의 보급에 따른 수도해충종합방제연구에서 시작되었다. 우리나라 사과 병해충종합관리 연구는 1980년대 화학농약을 이용한 방제 및 약제 저항성 연구, 해충 및 천적생태에 대한 연구, 성페로몬에 대한 연구를 시작으로 진행되었다. 1990년대부터는 농가보급을 위한 IPM 연구사업과 현장실증사업이 병행되었다. 2000년대에는 교미교란제를 중심으로 한 해충예찰과 발생모형 개발, 해충에 대한 DB프로그램 및 정보공유를 위한 네트워크가 구축되었다. 2010년대는 무인예찰 및 자동화기술 개발을 통해 IPM 기술이 확장되고 있다.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제64권2호
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• pp.85-96
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• 2022

The study is aimed to investigate the features and socio-economic background of farmland consolidation project with medium-sized paddy plot at irrigation associations during the Japanese colonial period in Korea. Most of farmland consolidation works in the 1940s was composed of independent irrigation and drainage ditches along the short side of field plot. However, the number of farm roads at farmland consolidation zone was much smaller than number of irrigation ditches to decrease reduction in farmland area. The standard field plot was medium-sized (about 20-40 ares) in Korea but small-sized (about 10 ares) in Japan in this period. As the result of farmland consolidation works, the unit water requirement was increased to 0.0035 m³/s/ha, and the unit area drainage discharge was over 2.0 m³/s/km² in many cases. The farmland consolidation with medium-sized plot have been spread under the colonial landlord system, where major landlords occupied a large share of farmland and managed corporate farming to gain more benefit. The reasons for spread of farmland consolidation with medium-sized plot may be as follows: high net profit ratio, an increase in land price, and labor savings in rice farming. The farmland consolidation with medium-sized plot in the colonial period showed intermediate features between the farm consolidation with small-sized plot for an increase in land productivity in Japan and the farm consolidation with medium-sized plot for an increase in labor productivity after the 1960s.

• 영미문화
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.1-26
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• 2014

Multicultural theories fully fledged around the 1980s and the early 1990s. Emerging in the 1960s thanks to the Civil Rights movement, multiculturalism has become the grand American national narratives, whose tenets recognize and respect people with diverse racial and cultural backgrounds. This period, however, witnessed the eruption of violent and destructive rebellions or uprisings involving racial minorities. Racial conflicts and tensions exploded at the moment when multiculturalism was widely practiced in areas including education and public policy revealing that complicated problems are embedded in the urban ghettos. American popular culture, specifically addresses antagonisms among different races or ethnicities in Bed-Stuy in New York. Although the film is mainly concerned with the collision among races, it lets ambivalent and cacophonous values and ideologies be present in the black community. On the other hand, Ice Cube's "Black Korea" empowers the black community when it deals with the turbulent relationship between black residents and Korean American merchants. Simultaneously, it denigrates Korean Americans as gasta raps often target the institution like government or police. In short, while attempts to search the ideas of coexistence and juxtaposition through polyphonic features embodied in the film "Black Korea" seems to depend on the dualistic system when it deals with the black-Korean conflicts and as a result it just reveals the chasm between two communities.

• 한국인구학
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.14-31
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• 1988

The national family planning program in Korea, which was instituted as an integral part of the nation's economic development plans since 1962, has contributed greatly to a reduction in the fertility and population growth rate. The total fertility rate dipped from 6.0 births per women in 1960 to 2.0 in 1985, and the population growth rate rom 2.84 percent per year to 1.25 percent during the same period, while the contraceptive practice rate for the 15-44 married women increased from 9 percent in 1965 to 70 percent in 1985. Study findings indicate that the fertility reduction in the past 26 years is largely attributed to the virgorous implementation of the national family planning program, rising age at marriage, wide-spread use of induced abortion, and the changes in attitude regarding the value of children that came into being in the wake of the rapid socio-economic development over the period. Among the strengths of the national family planning program are the following : 1) a pluralistic system of program manageent with active participation of various government and voluntary organizations, 2) utilization of a large corps of family planning field workers to conduct face-to-face communication and motivation activities, 3) use of private physicians with government support to provide contraceptive services, 4) a systematic program management system including program planning of traget allocation, evaluation, and supervision with a broad MIS and award system, 5) numerous incentive and disincentive schemes for stimulating the small family norm and contraceptive use, and 6) strong commitments to the family planning program by political leaders. The new demographic targets during the Sixth Five-Year Economic and Social Development plan period(1987-91) have been set for a further reduction in the population growth rate to 1.0 percent by 1993, assuming that the TFR will decline to 1.75 level in 1995. This target is, however, not easy to achieve due to anticipated unfavorable factors like the strong boy preference, high discontinuation rates of reversible contraceptive methods, fertility termination-oriented contraceptive use, a plateau level of contraceptive practice rate that has mostly accounted for a sterilization, shortened length of birth intervals, and the changing patterns of contraceptive mix. The recent changes in contraceptive and fertility behaviors clearly indicate that the past quantity-oriented management system of the national program should be redirected toward a quality-oriented approach. Particularly, program efforts should be expanded to recruit new contraceptive users in the 20s of younger age groups, both for birth spacing and controlling their fertility since the women aged 20 to 29 account for more than 80 percent of the total annual births in recent years. In addition, the current contraceptive fee system of the national family planning program should be gradually shifted from free contraceptive services to a acceptor's charge system, and the provision of contraceptive services through the medical insurance system, which will cover the entire population by 1989, should be accelerated as a means of integration of family planning program with other health programs.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.35-49
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• 2007

본 연구는 역사적 관점에서 남북한의 분단 이전과 이후의 산림정책 방향의 전개과정과 북한의 산림황폐지 실태를 고찰하고, 앞으로의 과제를 제시하였다. 한국은 1900년대 전반 일제의 강점 하에서 식민지 임정기를 통해 많은 산림이 황폐되었고, 1945년 국토의 분단으로 남 북한은 서로 다른 체제에서 각각의 임정이 전개되었다. 한국(남한)은 1950년대 말까지 한국동란 등 사회경제적 혼란으로 인한 임정의 정체기, 1960년대는 사회경제적 안정과 성장을 배경으로 산림법제의 정비 등 임정기반의 확립기, 1970~80년대는 국토녹화의 성공적 수행으로 녹화임정기, 그리고 1990년대 이후는 지속가능한 산림경영기반의 구축기에 있다. 북한은 분단 후 국유원칙의 사회주의적 소유제도와 계획경제 체제에서 여러 차례의 단기적 계획을 통해, 1960년까지는 녹화조림에, 그 이후는 수종갱신 조림에 주력하여 왔다. 그러나 1970년대 이후 경제사정의 악화와 함께 그 성과는 부진하였고, 결국 산림관리의 실패로 인하여 근래 산림의 황폐화 문제가 심각하게 제기되고 있다. 따라서 앞으로 북한의 산림황폐지에 대한 다각적인 복구대책을 비롯하여, 남북한의 상호협력과 교류의 확대가 필요하며, 장기적으로 통일시대에 대비한 산림관리방안의 수립이 요구된다.