• The Journal of Small Business Innovation
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.1-16
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• 2016

Korean government had used public 'credit guarantee schemes' (CGS) as a counter-cyclical measure. However, it is still controversial about the effectiveness of policy financing on the SMEs. Criticism on policy financing involves the argument that supporting enterprises hampers competition and innovation of SMEs by increasing their dependence on the government and delays the exit of marginal firms. In this paper, we investigate how to effectively build up the rationale of running public CGSs. At the same time, we propose the ways to coexist of public credit guarantee and market-based private finance system for SMEs. First, CGS, as a counter-cyclical function, must coexist with the private financial system by compensating the market failure caused by pro-cyclical behavior of the private financial market. Second, CGS has the comparative advantages, compared to both the interest rate policy of the central bank and fiscal policy of the government. The credit guarantee is the symptomatic treatment that could revitalize the economy shortly by providing liquidity. Also, knowing that CGS is provided based on the leverage ratio defined by outstanding guarantee divided by capital fund, public 'credit guarantee' (CG) has an advantage that is free from the risk of government deficit. Third, the reason for existence of the CGS should be founded in supporting services for SMEs, available only in a public sector that is difficult to expect from private banks. In this regard, it is desirable to strengthen the publicness of credit guarantee over the support for start-ups, growing companies, the improvement of productivity, increase of exports, a long-term investment in facilities, the employment-creating businesses, and innovative enterprises.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.21-30
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• 2013

Recently, interest of submarine mineral resources has been increasing from the depletion of land resources around the world and many countries are involving in submarine mineral resource exploration work. South Korea is also in progress of mineral exploration and relevant study to ensure the submarine mineral resources from around the Korean Peninsula. As a result, the submarine mineral resource exploration data have been increasing annually. A database and 2D GIS-based system have been constructed for the management of the data. However, submarine mineral resource exploration data is explored and created on the sea-bed. Consequently, the visual confirmation of the water levels and marine landform is important for high dimension analysis. Therefore, the major aims of this study are to collect marine landform data from around the Korean Peninsula and to develop 3 dimension GIS based system that is linked to the submarine mineral resource exploration data. In detail, marine landform data were acquired for the Korean Peninsula and they were interpolated into raster file format. The raster file was then processed to be easily used and was entered into an Oracle database. Based on this database, 3D expression and overlap function between marine landform data and submarine mineral resource exploration data were designed using ArcScene offered by the ESRI. After design, 3D GIS based expression system was developed. Confirmations of locations and changes in the submarine mineral resource exploration data based on 3D GIS are enabled to support the efficient application of the proposed system. It is expected that this system will be highly useful for estimating the reserves of mineral resources and for providing valuable information for economic evaluations.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.214-220
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• 2013

Implant prosthodontics is beneficial for edentulous patients in enhancing the support, retention, stability, phonation and so on. Various types of prosthesis supported by implant, including implant retained- or supported- overdenture for the removable type and ceramo-metal and fixed prostheses with processed acrylic teeth for the fixed type, are frequently used. Treatment planning for the prosthesis with implant must be made after considering individual characteristics such as form of residual ridge, soft tissue, interocclusal relationship, economic status. Fixed prosthesis with processed acrylic teeth (also known as 'implant hybrid prosthesis' or 'bone anchored bridge') has the advantages of both removable and fixed prosthesis such as proper soft tissue profile, esthetic outcome, increased masticatory efficiency and psychological stability. The 73-years-old female patient came to the department of prosthodontics, Dental hospital of Yonsei University. She was diagnosed with Kennedy class I partial edentulism in the maxilla and complete edentulism in the mandible. This article reports a satisfactory clinical and esthetic outcome of full mouth rehabilitation using removable partial denture in the maxilla and implant hybrid prosthesis in the mandible.

• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.1-28
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• 2007

Because the result of environmental pollution of one state is not limited to the national border but spills over into neighboring countries or global environment either directly or indirectly, international discussions on environment are crucial in domestic environmental law and policy. International environmental law demands differential obligation between developed and developing countries in the principle of 'common but differentiated responsibility'. The common but differentiated responsibility is the principle that draws distinction between developed and developing countries about global environmental issues, while recognizing the common responsibility of environmental protection for all nations. Environmental technology transfer or financial support from developed countries to developing countries, for example, has been discussed. The problem is the status of Korea. Korea's international environmental policy will be different by the distinction of responsibility for international environmental protection according to the status of developed and developing countries. International communities have never established a clear standard distinguishing developed from developing countries in any international laws. The WTO entrusts each country to decide whether it is a developing country or not. In the international environmental law, the status of a country is determined by the ability to negotiate. The status of Korea, thus, cannot be fixed in general international law. Rather, the Korean government is able to choose its own status strategically, It can be a policy choice to insist that Korea's developing country so as to reduce the burden of international responsibility. But, considering an economic indicator and environmental pollution indicator at which Korea ranks about 10th, the reality of Korea is much closer to a developed country. Positive policies such as development of environment-friendly technologies and products should be preferred to defensive assertion of developing country.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.54
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• pp.221-243
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• 2003

Activity theory explains that the old people participate in social activity as a role-substitute from loss of roles given by work and family. It is possible to enhance their life satisfaction through these activities. Based on this activity theory, this study aims at explore the role substitute of voluntary activities and to analysis whether volunteering commitment has an effect on life satisfaction. Data were collected by using survey questionnaires to the elderly over 55 years old who participated in voluntary activity at 25 Volunteer Centers in Seoul. The Activity theory was operationalized by job or joblessness, family type, achievement type obtained through voluntary activity The results are as follows. (1) Job or joblessness has effect on the activity frequence and activity time. (2) Social achievement after voluntary activity has effect on the duration only (3) And the family type did not have any effect. These three variables of activity theory do not have an effect on life satisfaction. The elderly volunteering commitment was explained by variables other than activity theory such as reward, health, education, sex. And the elderly volunteer's life satisfaction were affected by the family types and their economic status. These results imply that the Korean elderly voluntary activities could be expained partially by Activity theory. Also for these elder volunteers's life satisfaction, qualitative respects such as achievements through voluntary activity, and concerns and support by agencies are more important than the time they imput in voluntary activities.

• ALGAE
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.285-308
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• 2017

Cochlodinium polykrikoides red tides have caused great economic losses in the aquaculture industry in many countries. To investigate the roles of metazooplankton in red tide dynamics of C. polykrikoides in the South Sea of Korea, the abundance of metazooplankton was measured at 60 stations over 1- or 2-week intervals from May to November 2014. In addition, the grazing impacts of dominant metazooplankton on red tide species and their potential heterotrophic protistan grazers were estimated by combining field data on the abundance of red tide species, heterotrophic protist grazers, and dominant metazooplankton with data obtained from the literature concerning ingestion rates of the grazers on red tide species and heterotrophic protists. The mean abundance of total metazooplankton at each sampling time during the study was 297-1,119 individuals $m^{-3}$. The abundance of total metazooplankton was significantly positively correlated with that of phototrophic dinoflagellates (p < 0.01), but it was not significantly correlated with water temperature, salinity, and the abundance of diatoms, euglenophytes, cryptophytes, heterotrophic dinoflagellates, tintinnid ciliates, and naked ciliates (p > 0.1). Thus, dinoflagellate red tides may support high abundance of total metazooplankton. Copepods dominated metazooplankton assemblages at all sampling times except from Jul 11 to Aug 6 when cladocerans and hydrozoans dominated. The calculated maximum grazing coefficients attributable to calanoid copepods on C. polykrikoides and Prorocentrum spp. were 0.018 and $0.029d^{-1}$, respectively. Therefore, calanoid copepods may not control populations of C. polykrikoides or Prorocentrum spp. Furthermore, the maximum grazing coefficients attributable to calanoid copepods on the heterotrophic dinoflagellates Polykrikos spp. and Gyrodinium spp., which were grazers on C. polykrikoides and Prorocentrum spp., respectively, were 0.008 and $0.047d^{-1}$, respectively. Therefore, calanoid copepods may not reduce grazing impact by these heterotrophic dinoflagellate grazers on populations of the red tide dinoflagellates.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.1-16
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• 2000

From 1998, Oriental Medical Physicians(OMP) is distributed in Public Health Sector. but long term plan for Oriental Medicine in Public Health is not existed. So, this study is designed for the activation of OMP Subjects in this study were comprised 3 groups of oriental medicine related persons, the group of which are Students of 11 Oriental Medical Schools, Oriental Medical Physicians in Public Health Sector, Specialist Croup of Oriental medicine Policy(total 1,458 persons). Data were collected from July 1st to November 30, 1999. Direct interview with key persons, systematic interview by using of interview protocol, e-mail and facsimile have been conducted. The results of survey were coded by Excel 5.0, and analysed with SAS 6.12 statistical package. Inter-group difference determined by T-test, and descriptive statistics have been examined. Major findings can be epitomized as follows. 1) OMP disposition to multifarious organizations and institutes such as Public Health Centers, Public Health Sub-centers, Public Hospitals, Private Hospitals in Remote-Vulnerable Area, Community Social Welfare Centers, Institutes for Heath Policy Research, etc, will promise an effective use of Oriental Medical Physician. 2) Average number of patients treated by OMP was 22.8, average budget for oriental medical department, in which OMP were affiliated, was 39.6 million Won per year. Direct cost per every patient visit was 7,210.9 Won, which is considered expensive for public health service. Therefore, development and transformation for Oriental Medical Service in Public Health Sector is desirable in economic and political aspects. 3) It is recommended that ${\ulcorner}Advisory\;Committee{\lrcorner},{\ulcorner}Planning\;Commission\;for\; Public\;Health\;in\;Oriental\;Medicine{\lrcorner}$ should be established for the activation and for the support of Oriental Medical Physician in Public Health Sector, 4) Most effective programmes for oriental public health doctor are health service programmes for the elderly, Home health visit, chronic degenerative disease control services(p<0.001). 5) Standard guideline for facilities and equipments of Oriental Medicine Department in Public Health Center is needed for optimal supply of resources and activation of public health activity.

• Information Systems Review
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.23-44
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• 2009

U-Services are inevitably essential for the realization of u-Cities. Most local governments in Korea have expressed much interest in introducing u-Cites and related u-Services. Since researchers anticipate that developing u-Cities will produce economic effects, the Korea government has support local governments to develop u-Cities and necessary u-Services. However, the technology issues have been dominiated in the field of U-City services and most of the U-City services do not reflects all the complicated and pluralistic sides of environment, which are caused by future uncertainties in developing u-Cites. For the purpose of addressing the above uncertainties, this paper attempts to develop the possible scenarios for U-City services through a scenario planning approach. A focus group interview and survey with professionals in the field of planning u-Cities was performed to identify these uncertainties. Then, in order to investigate the validity of the scenario planning methodology, the u-Service "u-Water purity monitoring" is adopted. After considering the relevant issues, we developed two possible scenarios: a mutual linkage service among u-Service related organization and a cooperating and coordinating service among local governments. On the basis of these scenarios, the strategies for potential U-City services are formulated. Various participants in developing U -City services are encouraged to use the scenarios as the foundation of predicting future features of u-Cities and developing the framework of the U-City service scenarios effectively.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.21-31
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• 2018

Korean banknotes are similar in size, and their braille tend to worn out as they get old. These characteristics of Korean banknotes make the blind people, who mainly rely on the braille, even harder to distinguish the banknotes. Not only that, this can even lead to economic loss. There are already existing systems for recognizing the banknotes, but they don't support Korean banknotes. Furthermore, because they are developed as a mobile application, it is not easy for the blind people to use the system. Therefore, in this paper, we develop a Raspberry Pi-based banknote recognition system that not only recognizes the Korean banknotes but also are easily accessible by the blind people. Our system starts recognition with a very simple action of the user, and the blind people can hear the recognition results by sound. In order to choose the best feature extraction algorithm that directly affects the performance of the system, we compare the performance of SIFT, SURF, and ORB, which are representative feature extraction algorithms at present, in real environments. Through experiments in various real environments, we adopted SIFT to implement our system, which showed the highest accuracy of 95%.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.65-73
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• 2010

Recently, the importance of the ocean has been increasing internationally as the new source for mineral resources following the exhausted land resources that arc becoming scarce. On a long-term aspect, growth of nations by gaining competitiveness on marine resources was considered a paradigm. Because dominating the development right of marine resources came up as the main concern. South Korea has also been interested in marine resources and this is the reason why massive amounts of marine exploration data arc annually created through surveying and drilling around the Korean Peninsula. but the data has not been systematically managed very well because of its economic costs. Therefore, this research is mainly focused on systematical data managing methods. For Systematical data management. the exploration data is integrated and organized by using XML tables. This can be a systematical data management. because the methods release dependency between data and system, and it also enables to update existing data and renew the data. In the future, the constructed database from this study could definitely contribute to enhancing data management. As well, the developed system in this research can provide various spatial analysis and searching techniques to enable easier data provision of various exploration areas. Furthermore. this will be very useful to extend functions of the system and to adopt other types of DBMS. In addition, the spatial analysis and search function of location based service can be utilized through GIS. and it can support sustainable and systematic management in a long term.