• Advances in nano research
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.303-311
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• 2024

This paper conducts a thorough economic evaluation of integrating nanoparticles into concrete structures within the construction industry, aiming to elevate the material properties of concrete. Employing the Halpin-Tsai micromechanics theory for deriving the effective material properties of the nanocomposite concrete structure, the research investigates the nuanced impact of nanoparticles on various mechanical properties, including the modulus of elasticity, compressive strength, and their indirect effects on the percentage of reinforcement. Implementing the Euler theory to formulate the governing equation based on Hamilton's principle, the study delves into the pricing dynamics of nanoparticles and their influence on the overall cost structure of concrete structures. Notably, the findings reveal that a measured increase in the volume percentage of nanoparticles, up to 1%, results in a remarkable 78% improvement in elastic modulus and a substantial 142% reduction in armature percentage. Remarkably, from an economic perspective, the incremental cost associated with the integration of nanoparticles is relatively modest (around $1 per ton of concrete), considering the substantial enhancements in mechanical properties achieved.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.83-101
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• 2008

This research performs a multi comparison between the age of old households and the economic structure according to accommodation type as well as analyzing the economical structural difference of each type based on the features of aged households. The paper classified aged households into 3 groups according to age distribution. The economic structure analysis according to the age of old households and accommodation type was shown as follow: First, the economical structural analysis based on the age of old households showed a statistical difference in the total, labor, business, property and transfer income variables according to the age of each sample group. However, the non-business income and liabilities did not show a significant difference. Second, in the analysis of different economic earnings and initial expenses of middle-aged households according to the age distribution group showed a disparity in the total, labor, business, property, and transfer income variables according to the age of each sample group. However, aged households showed a statistical difference in total, labor, business and transfer income variables. Third, in the analysis of difference in the expense provision and size of consumption, there was a statistical difference in the expense variables of total consumption, food, dining out, electricity, water, furniture, kitchen supplies, clothing, shoe, education, culture, entertainment, transportation, and communication. Fourth, in the analysis of difference in the size of consumption expense, the initial and middle-aged households showed a statistical difference in the total consumption, food, dining out, electricity, water, furniture, kitchen supplies, clothing, shoe, education, culture, entertainment, transportation, communication, and consumption expense variables. However, the analysis of aged households has shown a statistical difference in the total consumption, food, dining out, electricity, water, furniture, kitchen supplies, clothing, shoe, education, culture, entertainment, transportation, and communication expense variables. The study found a statistical difference in the expense for hygienics that did not appear in the initial and middle-aged households.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.201-212
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• 2003

This study analyzed the objective indicators of household economic structures, such as income, expenditure, and debts, as well as a subjective evaluation of economic standards, and compared the households of commuting couples (so called Weekend couples) with those of non-commuting couples. Findings of this study are as follows. First, both husbands and wives in commuter marriages had a higher level of education, were younger, had poorer health, and had shorter working hours than the couples in non-commuter marriages. Second, commuting couples had a significantly higher income than non-commuting couples. In addition, commuting couples had a greater amount of savings, had a higher cost of living, and lower debts than non-commuting couples. Third, commuting couples evaluated their status of household economy more negatively than non-commuting couples. Despite the fact that the commuting couples were more affluent in terms of the objective indicators, including income, savings, and assets, their level of health and psychological well-being were compromised. Lastly, factors determining commuter marriages were the number of years the husband has spent in his job, and the husband's level of education. The shorter the tenure of the husband's job, and the higher the level of husband's education, the more likely the couple was in a commuter marriage.

• 동남아시아연구
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.133-190
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• 2014

We have examined its current economic conditions and status of the Bangsamoro in Mindanao and derived some important policy recommendation to build the future development plan. For this purpose, we first estimate the economic size and GRDP per capita and investigate next several economic and social indicators such as poverty rate and industrial structure. We find that the Bangsamoro is the least developed region in Philippines whose average income is the lowest and whose poverty rate is the highest in the Philippines. In addition, its industrial structure is very falling behind. Applying simple theory of economic growth, we find that several economic reasons such as lack of private and public investment caused by the political instability, high illiterate rate and less education, incapability of local government account for it. As a result, several policy recommendations are suggested to make the development plan of the Bangsamoro. First, the plan should be very comprehensive and second, it should be a very sustainable one equipped with the long run one and short run one. Third, the plan should be harmonized with that of the central government and those of neighboring local governments. Fourth, it should exploit the assistance of international development organization.

• 재무관리연구
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.33-68
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• 2008

본 연구에서는 전통적 자본구조 이론인 정태적 상충이론과 자본조달순위이론 뿐만 아니라 최근 새로 등장하고 있는 시장적시성이론의 타당성과 거시 경제변수가 자본구조에 미치는 영향을 종합적인 틀에서 분석하였다. 목표자본구조 결정과 자본조달 선택의 2단계 분석 결과, 자본구조의 특정이론이 일관성 있게 지지되기보다는 각 이론이 부분적으로 지지되는 결과가 나타났다. 1단계 목표자본구조 식의 추정에 있어서 기업 특성변수의 계수는 전반적으로 정태적 상충이론보다는 자본조달순위이론을 지지하였으나 2단계의 자본조달 선택요인의 분석에서는 정태적 상충이론에서 주장하듯 기업이 목표자본구조를 설정하고 이를 추구하는 경향이 있는 것으로 분석되었다. 또한, 자금이 부족한 기업일수록 회사채보다는 오히려 주식을 발행하는 경향이 강한 것으로 나타나 단순한 형태의 자본조달순위이론의 예측과는 부합하지 않았다. 그러나 주가가 상대적으로 고평가된 기업일수록 회사채보다 주식을 발행할 가능성이 높게 나타나 시장적시성이론이 지지되는 결과를 보였다. 한편 본 연구에서는 Korajczyk and Levy(2003)와 달리 기간 스프레드와 신용 스프레드 등 거시경제 변수가 자본구조 결정에 미치는 영향은 미미하였고, 재무적 제약이 있는 기업보다 재무적 제약이 없는 기업이 자본조달 시기를 조절할 수 있기 때문에 거시경제 변수나 시장 적시성 변수의 영향이 더 클 것이라는 그들의 주장을 지지하는 직접적 증거도 발견되지 않았다.

• 수산경영론집
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.99-125
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• 2002

Fisheries cooperative requires dual characteristics in performing its original function. Economic characteristic as an business enterprise and democratic characteristic as cooperative entity need to complete its objectives and survive in the complex rapidly-changing environment. After IMF crisis, fisheries cooperative received enormous government's financial support and credit-business department is perfectly under government's control. Regional fisheries cooperative also faces business failure, therefore pure cooperative movement can't save the fisheries cooperative. Economic characteristic as an business enterprise is more emphasized than democratic characteristic as cooperative entity in recent years. The theory of corporate ownership and governance can be applied to explain the ownership and governance of fisheries cooperative because fisheries cooperative is now similar to an business enterprise. During the IMF crisis the board, the auditors and the minority shareholders in business enterprise were revealed to be powerless against the mighty influence of controlling shareholders. Unconstrained discretion exercised by those controlling shareholders not only led to the firms'insolvency, but also brought down the country's financial system. During the past few years, Korea has experienced many institutional changes regarding its corporate governance structure. The introduction of outside directors, the strengthening of minority shareholders' rights, and enhanced accounting transparency are achieved to improve the efficiency of economic system. Investors, including institutional and individual, also seem to be more aware of governance issues now. Credit-business department of fisheries cooperative is recommended to introduce the institutions same as the case of the corporate governance structure. Fisheries cooperative except economic and credit-business department requires other prescriptions because it is emphasized as democratic cooperative entity. But we should be careful to interpret the ownership and governance structure because they are products of nations, eras and organizations.

• 한국경제지리학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.182-196
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• 2007

EU는 노동이동 자유화를 통해 일자리 창출과 성장을 추구해 왔다. 노동의 자유로운 이동은 노동자에게 새로운 고용기회의 창출과 기술습득의 기회를 제공하여 지속적인 성장을 이끈다. 그러나 경제요소가 불균등하게 분포되어 있는 지리적 공간에서 자유로운 노동이동은 지역간 노동이동의 차별성을 가져오며, 지역적 확대는 새로운 노동이동의 기회를 제공하여 노동이동의 지역적 재분배를 가져온다. EU의 노동이동은 남유럽 국가의 경제성장과 북유럽 국가의 서비스 및 첨단산업화로 남유럽 국가에서 북유럽 국가로의 이동에서 북유럽 국가에서 북유럽 국가로의 이동으로 변화되고 있다. 또한 미숙련 노동자의 이동성은 감소하고 고학력의 전문직 노동자의 이동성은 증가하고 있으며, 이들 고학력 이주자는 북유럽 국가에서 북유럽 국가로 이동하는 경향을 보인다. 반면에 일반 노동자는 남유럽 국가에서 북유럽 국가로, 북부 아프리카에서 남유럽 국가로 이동하는 계층구조를 형성하고 있다.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2023년도 학술발표회
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• pp.394-394
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• 2023

The world's sustainable growth is being severely hampered by the inefficient use of water resources. Despite the widely acknowledged importance of trade in global and regional water and food security, societal reliance on local production as well as international trade remains inadequately assessed. Therefore, using South Korea as a case study, this study fills in this research gap by applying the virtual water concept, the logarithmic mean divisia index (LMDI) method, and the Tapio decoupling model. The virtual water concept was used to estimate South Korea's net virtual water trade for major grain crops from 1992 to 2017. Then, the LMDI method was utilized to assess the driving factors causing changes in net virtual water trade. Lastly, the Tapio decoupling model was used to investigate the decoupling relationships between economic growth and the driving factors of net virtual water trade. Results showed that South Korea remains a net importer of virtual water flows with respect to grain crops, with an average import of 16,559.24 million m³ over the study period. In addition, the change in net virtual water trade could be attributed to water intensity effect, product structure effect, economic effect, and population effect. However, water intensity and economic effects were the major decisive factors for decrease and increase in net virtual water trade respectively, while the population and product structure effects had minor positive influences on the net virtual water trade. Furthermore, water intensity and economic growth showed a strong decoupling in most periods, while the decoupling state between product structure and economic growth was observed as expansive negative decoupling. Likewise, population size and economic growth showed a weak decoupling in most periods. The results reveal South Korea's status as it concerns the virtual water trade of grain crops, thus providing valuable insights into the sustainability of trade activities for the management of local water resources.

• 한국농촌건축학회논문집
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.13-22
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• 2002

Put by purpose to study about habitat of apartment house which is necessity of redevelopment that is not doing role of superannuation apartment house and worker apartment in the Geumsan county in this research. 1) social element : Legal element, surrounding environment 2) element construction enemy : Construction plan, building equipment, Construction structure Slump of economic structure Geum-san area apartment house and dwelling environment by deterioration of building are considered that need.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.61-73
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• 2001

The purpose of this paper was to study the plans for expanding sustainable consumption. Three plans for expanding sustainable consumption were discussed. That is, 1) the plans for expanding consumer awareness of sustainable consumption, 2) for constructing green infra-structure over the country, and 3) for driving economic motives of sustainable consumption were discussed in detail.