• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.1-28
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• 2007

Upon analyzing several Korean Income data sets, it is confirmed that the relationship between Gini coefficient and bi-polarization measure (EGR) is empirically not different although they each come from different theoretical basis. Furthermore, it is difficult to state that the degree of polarization of income distribution, measured by DER, in Korea has deepened more than that of income inequality, estimated by Gini coefficient, in the periods of before and after the economic crisis.

• STI Policy Review
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.1-15
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• 2016

This study provides empirical evidences for the relationship between income inequality and economic growth, and relationship of income inequality with some of explanatory variables such as technological innovation, trade globalization, financial globalization and fiscal policy. We find out that income inequality has an adverse effect on economic growth, showing its dynamic features, for which we employed the polynomial distributed lags (PDL) model. The effect of income inequality on economic growth lasts over 9 years, and its dynamic effect peaks after 4 years. In addition, we also attempted to find out empirical evidences of sources of income inequality. The results show that income inequality is positively related to technological innovation, financial globalization, and fiscal policy; negatively related to the trade globalization. Many studies employ cross-country data, but it could have serious problems in collecting statistical data. Korean data is used over the time period of 1990-2015 in this study.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.129-142
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• 2011

This study investigates the patterns of labor market polarization and analyzes the characteristics and roles of regional labor market in the structuring process of the polarization in the metropolitan areas of Korea. The labor market polarization plays a role of key mechanism for deepening social exclusion in the area through expanding low-pay jobs and working poor. It is of great significance to adopt a spatial approach of local labor market in order to understand underlying dynamics of labor market polarization. Especially it is necessary to develop a more differentiated and systematic policy options based on the analysis of labor market polarization in the metropolitan areas of Korea. It is because understanding spatial differentiation of labor market dynamics is essential to figure out the structuring processes of poverty and sociall exclusion in the metropolican labor market in Korea.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.1-16
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• 2015

It is widely believed that increasing socio-economic polarization inspired by globalization and economic restructuring worsens residential segregation by class in Korean cities. However, the existing literature falls short in showing the recent changes of the residential segregation, particularly after the 1997 financial crisis, with reliable and systematic segregation measures. Noting that there are the two major dimension in residential segregation - evenness-concentration and exposure-clustering - this study introduced not only global measure (dissimilarity index and isolation/interaction index) but also local measures (location quotient and Local Moran's I) for each dimension. These measures are applied to the case study of Seoul in the 2000s. The class is defined by education attainment and the data is obtain through the MicroData System Service System(MDSS). The result shows that the residential segregation by education attainment persists through 2000s and even get worse in some dimension. More significantly, it turns out that high-class and low-class residence are nearly mirror-images of each other, indicating high segregation.

• Korean System Dynamics Review
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.51-74
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• 2014

Over the past few years Korea has achieved rapid economic growth, while the deepening polarization of income has negatively affected Korea economy and society. It can be the reason of this negative effect on economy that the increased income by the economic growth has not been distributed socially, but overly focused on one part of social class. One of the important and powerful solution of social polarization could be the strengthening of the income distribution. In these circumstances, the social interest and discussion on the universal welfare system and on the basic income as the means of income redistribution have been increasing. In this study, a system dynamic analysis was conducted to find how an universal cash payment as basic income providing cash benefits impacts on the promotion of consumption in private sector, of local jobs and of local economic organizations. Recently, the poor energy consumption ability of energy poverty became one of the social problems. Also it was analysed how an energy payment-in-kind as basic income influences on the energy consumption of the region, the energy production capacity, the promotion of local energy. The universal cash payment and energy payment-in-kind as the basic income policy showed similar and positive effects on the local economy system and on the local energy system respectively.

• Asian Journal of Business Environment
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.17-22
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• 2013

Purpose - This dissertation is based on previous research, and analyzes processing trade, which constitutes a major section of foreign trade in Shandong Province. Research design, data, and methodology - The study uses the survey data on polarization, which is a vital index reflecting the unbalanced growth of regional economic development. The article introduces the processing trade polarization index, and the processing trade polarization fluctuation rate, to predict the geographical polarization posture and development trends in Shandong Province. Results -The development of processing trade in Shandong Province shows the level of gradient from east to west. The first-line growth pole has been formed and developed, and the initial formation of the diffusion mechanism has taken place. However, coordination problems in accompanying regional development have become increasingly prominent. Conclusions - This study focuses on the development of processing trade strategy and suggests overall coordination of development objectives, using non-balanced development goals. According to regional characteristics and development objectives of the processing trade in Shandong Province, the region around the city is divided into innovation diffusion region, enhanced growth areas, areas expected to undertake development, and areas to upgrade in four levels, given the different policy proposals.

• Journal of Service Research and Studies
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.49-68
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• 2022

This study was conducted to design a financial system for the sustainable life of mankind. Human society faces a constant crisis and leads a life while overcoming it. The polarization is intensifying in the process of overcoming the economic crisis or crisis caused by the virus. In a society adopting the capitalist economic system, it is a common phenomenon that polarization intensifies with the passage of time, but since the intensification of polarization can destroy human society as a community, active countermeasures are required. The purpose of this study was to prevent the deepening of polarization by redesigning important financial-related systems from the perspective of human life and maintenance of human society. Through the history of mankind, monetary and financial systems related to sustainable society have been analyzed, and a financial system model that is ideal for the modern and future society and is sustainable in the long term has been derived. The conditions for a long-term sustainable financial system should be a model that can solve the problems of the current system, such as deepening polarization, and a model that is faithful to the characteristics of the modern economic society and the essence of sustainable life. And it can be sustainable only if it is based on the common principles of human society. It should be a model that guarantees core values such as growth and equality that human society demands. After analyzing the problems of the current economic system and analyzing the conditions required for the new system, the basic axioms that the new financial system should be based on were presented, and a desirable model was derived based on this. The structure of the derived model and the specific operation model were presented. In the future, follow-up studies are needed to concrete this model.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.75-101
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• 2010

One of the reasons for low fertility rate in Korea is related to the delayed marriage among the population belong to marriage cohorts. The major goal of this study is to analyze how the economic resources such as level of education, whether employed or not, and occupation have affected one's marriage opportunity and how it is differed by gender. Meanwhile, the changes in the influence of economic resources and the changes in the marriage norms were also studied by analyzing 2% Census data in 1995, 2000 and 2005. Total number of 1.1 million men and women in their ages between 20 to 44 are included in data and binary-logistic analysis is used for statistical research. This study supports a traditional hypothesis that the influence of economic resources on probability of marriage is different by gender. More important academic contribution of this study is the quality of economic resources is becoming more important for men since Asian economic crisis and that the negative effect of it on women is declining since 2000. It is analyzed that the effect of marriage norm has recently decreased on the part of women. These findings suggest that there is a tendency of polarization of marriage market in Korea affected by economic polarization since Asian economic crisis.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.193-197
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• 1986

A simple and fast solution is derived to evaluate the effects of time-domain electromagnetic coupling in induced polarization surveys on a uniform earth. The simplified solution gives an explicit statement of the dependence of time-domain electromagnetic coupling on the model parameters, and yields sufficiently accurate results for most situations encountered in practice. The co-linear dipole-dipole and Wenner arrays are used as examples in this paper, but th numerical solution can be applied to any electrode configuration.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.165-169
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• 1988

Negative induced polarization (IP) responses are examined for two-dimensional structures using a modeling technique with finite difference method. Percent frequency effect is used for IP parameter because it can be efficiently computed by a perturbation method. Thin conductive, polarizable overburden causes obvious negative IP responses on IP pseudosection. This fact means that IP responses from resistive, polarizable body below the overburden can be masked solely as a function of the resistivity distribution. Resistive, non-polarizable body below the overburden, however, can be detected by the negative IP responses.