• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2011년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.1313-1320
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• 2011

World Business Council for Sustainable Development(WBCSD) is effort to achieve sustainable development in economic growth, environmental preservation and social development. Being this way, it is essential for developing evaluation tool which quantify to fulfill sustainable development. Eco-efficiency is one of the quantitative tools to evaluate environmental impact and economic aspect. Eco-efficiency, in general term, means creating more value of product or services with less impact to environment. It indicates as environmental impact in denominator and value of product or services in numerator. Eco-efficiency shows how much economic value reveals to unit environmental impact caused by product or service as an indicator. This study aims at developing eco-efficiency indicator of railway industry considering use stage among the entire life cycle stage of KTX and Saemaul train and also, figure out eco-efficiency value through indicator. Therethrough, it is enables to evaluate created value per environmental aspects. Since rail vehicles demands a lot of energy to transport people during use stage, the environmental impact is more significant than other lkfe cycle stages. Therefore, it quantified environmental indicator as CO2 emission and economic indicator as transportation record per a year with an annual income. This study contributes to be used as a tool for quantifying indicator of comparison evaluation in respect of rail vehicle in use stage.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.77-85
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• 2020

현재 국내의 대형 인프라시설물의 유지관리를 위해 생애주기비용분석 방법을 도입하고 있다. 그러나 시설물의 위치 및 주변환경 등의 조건을 반영한 유지관리 모델을 적용하는 사례가 많지 않다. 적절한 유지관리 전략을 수립하기 위해서는 시설물의 환경조건을 반영한 비용예측, 열화모델, 불확실성을 반영한 의사결정모델이 수립되어야 한다. 본 연구에서는 발전구조물에 적용되는 도장 사양을 대상으로 유지관리 방법과 판단기준에 따라 사용자의 의사결정에 따른 장기적인 비용 계획 및 관리를 할 수 있는 경제성 분석 모델을 개발하였다. 경제성 분석 모델의 적용을 위하여 도장열화실험을 통하여 도장의 성능을 평가하였으며, 제안 경제성 분석 모델에 적용하여 각각의 적용도장 사양(우레탄, 폴리실록산, 불소)에 따른 경제성 분석결과를 확인하였다. 본 연구에서는 도장의 성능보다 보수 주기의 선정과 개발 모델을 적용한 평가 방법을 제시한 결과로 도장에 국한되지 않더라도 유지관리 방안 수립 시 보수 주기 등을 위한 기초적인 자료로 활용을 기대할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.115-132
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• 1993

This study was designed with the purpose to analyze the factor structure of family life events and to clear the influence of related variables on family life events. The frequence of experienced events and the degree of importance of events which were the constituent components of family life events was estimated by the 650 married woman in Kangju. The results were as follows: 1. 15 factors of family life events derived by factor analysis: F.1「Expenditure and economic loss」, F.2「Growth and change of children」, F.3「Change of family structure」, F.4「Family's change」, F.5「Change of life level」, F.6「Family's social problem」, F.7「Need of care」, F.8「Family's health」, F.9「Marital relationship」, F.10「Family's social damage」, F.11「Breach with acquaintance」, F.12「Financial difficulties」F.13「Husband's problem」, F.14「Housewives' social activity」, F.15「Kinship's support」. 2. There frequence of experienced family life events such as expenditure and economic loss and breach with acquaintance was highest. 3. The degree of importance about experienced family life events such as growth and change of children was highest. 4. Age, family life cycle have significantly differenced on the degree of importance and the frequence of experienced events. 5. Education's level, family size, income, housewives' employment and family structure have differently differenced on the degree of importance and the frequence of experienced events according event factor.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제40권7호
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• pp.503-510
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• 2007

현재 하천정비는 하천생태계에 초점을 맞추고 자연하천에 근접할 수 있는 공법을 사용하는 자연 친화적인 하천정비가 비약적으로 늘어나고 있다. 하지만 자연 친화적인 하천정비는 아직까지 많은 기술이 축적되지 않아 어떤 공법이 하천환경에 적합한 공법인지가 확립되어 있지 않은 상태이다. 또한, 값비싼 공법을 적용하여 하천을 자연 친화적으로 정비하였다. 하더라도 하천정비에 대한 종합적인 평가방법이 확립되어있지 않아 자연 친화적 하천정비에 대한 타당성을 객관화하지 못하고 있다. 따라서 하천환경기능을 포함한 종합적이고 다양한 평가방법을 개발하여 정비하천에 대한 평가를 수행할 필요가 있다. 본 연구에서는 자연 친화적으로 정비된 하천에 대해 정비의 타당성과 효율성을 평가하는 평가방법에 대해 연구하였다. 전라북도 순창읍에 있는 경천을 대상으로 2000년${\sim}$2000년 월별로 모니터링을 수행하여 자료를 수집하였으며, 수집된 자료를 분석하여 하천환경기능을 종합적으로 고려할 수 있는 방법으로서 하천자연도 평가, 전 과정 평가, 어메니티 평가, 경제적 편익 평가 등의 평가방법을 개발하였다. 본 연구에서 개발한 4가지의 평가방법은 하천정비사업의 종합적이고 정량적인 평가를 수행할 수 있는 방법으로 판단된다. 하지만 하나의 하천을 대상으로 개발된 방법을 적용하였기 때문에 차후 각 하천마다 갖는 특성을 고려하여 하천정비의 평가방법이 요구된다.

• Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.159-174
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• 2015

Remanufacturing used, end-of-life products is a complex problem involving multiple types of products that may share common parts. Recovery targets assigned by market demand and environmental legislation add more difficulty to the problem. Manufacturers now need to achieve specified take-back and recovery rates while fulfilling demands for remanufactured products. To assists in the demand- and legislation-driven remanufacturing of a family of products (i.e., multiple products that share common parts), this paper introduces a bi-objective mixed integer linear programming (MILP) model for optimizing remanufacturing. The model identifies optimal remanufacturing plans for a product family, whereby, the remanufacturer can achieve demand and recovery targets more profitably and in an environmentally-friendly manner. The model can also be used to quantify and justify the economic and environmental benefits of a product family from a remanufacturing perspective. A case study is presented for remanufacturing an alternatorfamily of products.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.1-10
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to investigate the environmental factors having a influence on the preference of residential district and to furnish basic information for the successful settlement. For the purpose, residential preference and values on the residential district were estimated according to the housing life cycle. Data were collected through questionnaires designed for this study, and the objects of this research were university students. To analyze the data were used spsswin program. The major results were as follows. 1. According to the housing life cycle, there were significant differences in the preference of the residential district, living area and housing type in the future. Metropolitan and seoul, residential area and commercial area, apartment, office-hotel and row house were preferred in the housing formative. In the stable period, seoul and metropolitan, tower apartment, residential area were preferred. But in the housing reductive period, they preferred a green zone in the rural, the detached house. 2. The degree of consideration of living convenience facilities was high in the housing formative period. Both education-leisure, business facilities and marketing facilities were highly valuated in the housing stable period. But the value of welfare facilities was high in the housing reductive period. 3. The 4 dimensions of values in environmental conditions were extracted through factor analysis. They were natural, human, social, and economic factors. According to the housing life cycle, there were significant differences in factors being considered as the environmental conditions. The values of human and economic factors were high in the housing formative and stable period. Natural factor were highly considered in the housing reductive period.

• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.73-89
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• 2016

To assure maximum economic benefits and the energy performance of solar water heating systems, the proper sizing of components and operating conditions need to be optimized. In recent years, a number of studies to design optimally solar water heating systems have been tried. This paper presents a design method for optimizing the various capacity-related and installation-related design variables based on life cycle cost using a genetic algorithm. The design variables considered in this study included the types and numbers of solar collector and auxiliary heaters; the types of storage tanks and heat exchangers; the solar collector slope; mass flow rates of the fluid on the hot and cold sides. The suggested method was applied for optimizing a solar water heating system for an elementary school in Seoul, South Korea. In addition, the effectiveness of the proposed optimization method was assessed by analyzing the obtained optimal solutions of six case studies, each of which was simulated with different solar fractions. It is observed that a trade-off between the equipment cost and the energy cost results in an optimal design that yields the lowest life cycle cost. Therefore, it could be helpful to apply the optimal solar water heating system by comparing the various design solutions obtained by using the optimization method instead of the engineer's experience and intuition.

• 기술혁신연구
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.135-159
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• 2012

제약분야의 특허전략은 이해관계자의 입장에 따라 LCM 또는 에버그리닝으로 해석하고 있다. 오리지널 의약품 제약사는 특허전략을 기술 혁신의 노력인 LCM이라고 주장하는 반면 제네릭 의약품 제약사와 보건 당국은 오리지널 제약사의 특허전략은 값이 저렴한 제네릭 의약품의 접근성을 낮추어 항구적인 시장 지배의 목적인 에버그리닝이라고 주장하고 있다. 본 연구는 한국에서 거대시장을 형성하고 있는 오리지널 의약품의 특허출원과 특허분쟁사례를 통해 LCM과 에버그리닝을 어떻게 개념화하고 논의되어야 하는지 제시하였다. 본 사례 연구 결과 LCM은 신약개발의 새로운 기술 응용을 바탕으로 연구의 성과물을 특허전략과 연계하였다. 반면, 에버그리닝은 의약품 허가 장벽을 높이기 위한 방법중의 하나로 특허권을 활용된 것으로 판단된다. 본 연구결과를 바탕으로 이해에 따라 일방의 주장이 아닌 LCM과 에버그리닝의 개념화를 통해 차별화된 시각으로 논의를 이끌고자 한다.

• 품질경영학회지
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• 제51권4호
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• pp.573-588
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• 2023

Purpose: This study presents a research approach that utilizes deep reinforcement learning to construct optimal portfolios based on the business cycle for stocks and other assets. The objective is to develop effective investment strategies that adapt to the varying returns of assets in accordance with the business cycle. Methods: In this study, a diverse set of time series data, including stocks, is collected and utilized to train a deep reinforcement learning model. The proposed approach optimizes asset allocation based on the business cycle, particularly by gathering data for different states such as prosperity, recession, depression, and recovery and constructing portfolios optimized for each phase. Results: Experimental results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed deep reinforcement learning-based approach in constructing optimal portfolios tailored to the business cycle. The utility of optimizing portfolio investment strategies for each phase of the business cycle is demonstrated. Conclusion: This paper contributes to the construction of optimal portfolios based on the business cycle using a deep reinforcement learning approach, providing investors with effective investment strategies that simultaneously seek stability and profitability. As a result, investors can adopt stable and profitable investment strategies that adapt to business cycle volatility.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2010년도 춘계학술대회 초록집
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• pp.153-153
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• 2010

The world is moving towards a post-carbon society and needs clean and renewable energy for sustainable development. There are many methodological approaches which are helping this shift based on analyzed data about energy resources and which focus on limited types of energy including liquid fossil, solid fossil, gaseous fossil, and biomass (e.g. IPCC Guidelines, ISO 14064-1, WRI Protocol, etc.). We should also consider environmental impact (e.g. greenhouse gas emissions, water use, etc.) and the economic cost of the renewable energy to make a better decision. Recently, researchers have addressed the environmental impact of new technologies which include photovoltaics, wind turbines, hydroelectric power, and biofuel. In this work, we analyze the environmental impact with a carbon emission factor to present a correlation between $CO_2$ emission and the cost of energy resources standardized by the energy output. In addition, we reviewed Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) as another methodology. Researchers who are studying energy systems have ignored the impacts of entire energy systems, e.g. the extraction and processing of fossil fuels. In power sector, the assessment should include extraction, processing, and transportation of fuels, building of power plants, production of electricity, and waste disposal. Therefore LCA could be more suitable tool for energy cost and environmental impact estimation.