• Computers and Concrete
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.167-179
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• 2020

Optimal design of structures against earthquake loads is often limited to reduce initial construction costs, while the cost induced to structures during their useful life may be several times greater than the initial costs. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the indirect costs due to earthquakes in the design process. In this research, an integrated methodology for calculating life cycle cost (LCC) of moment-resisting concrete frames is presented. Increasing seismic safety of structures and reducing human casualties can play an important role in determining the optimal design. Costs incurred for structures are added to the costs of construction, including the costs of reconstruction, financial losses due to the time spent on reconstruction, interruption in building functionality, the value of people's life or disability, and content loss are a major part of the future costs. In this research, fifty years of useful life of structures from the beginning of the construction is considered as the life cycle. These costs should be considered as factors of calculating indirect costs of a structure. The results of this work represent the life cycle cost of a 4 story, 7 story, and 10 story moment-resisting concrete frame by details. This methodology is developed based on the economic conditions of Iran in 2016 and for the case of Tehran city.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.44-49
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• 2015

Ceiling cooling and heating system that consider load arrangement and space in the ceiling needs to be developed. Therefore, experimental and economic changes were done to verify the performance of compact type VAV. The test results were as follow. 1) Noise test result, measuring approximately 50.4 dB~56.6 dB (before ceiling in landfill), had a better ceiling deadline than the current measure, about a 10 dB noise reduction, so that the office baseline (40~50 dB) noise was judged to be less than test. 2) For the static pressure test result, taking out an outside hydrostatic 25 mmAq, 24.8 mmAq was measured, respectively, at the point. 3) For the life-cycle cost analysis result, the initial investment cost, maintenance replacement costs, and maintenance costs increased 0.2%, but the energy savings ratio was 19.5% while the whole life cycle savings of 40 years LCC was reduced 11.9%.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.743-758
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• 2015

This paper presents an advanced life cycle cost (LCC) analysis of a ground source heat pump (GSHP) system and suggests a smart operation mode with a thermal performance test (TPT) and an energy pile system constructed on the site of the Incheon International Airport (IIA). First, an economic analysis of the GSHP system was conducted for the second passenger terminal of the IIA considering actual influencing factors such as government support and the residual value of the equipment. The analysis results showed that the economic efficiency of the GSHP system could be increased owing to several influential factors. Second, a multiple regression analysis was conducted using different independent variables in order to analyze the influence indices with regard to the LCC results. Every independent index, in this case the initial construction cost, lifespan of the equipment, discount rate and the amount of price inflation can affect the LCC results. Third, a GSHP system using an energy pile was installed on the site of the construction laboratory institute of the IIA. TPTs of W-shape and spiral-coil-type GHEs were conducted in continuous and intermittent operation modes, respectively, prior to system operation of the energy pile. A cooling GSHP system in the energy pile was operated in both the continuous and intermittent modes, and the LCC was calculated. Furthermore, the smart operation mode and LCC were analyzed considering the application of a thermal storage tank.

• 한국태양에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국태양에너지학회 2008년도 춘계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.281-286
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• 2008

Current feed-in tariffs(FIT) of Electricity generating from new and renewable energy sources are reappraised with the corrected formula of levelized generation cost(LGC) of utility power. The LGC of new and renewable electricity should be formulated in explicitly reflecting the capital cost and corporate tax during the economic life cycle based on its realistic application data. An applicable term of the FITs should, especially, be equal to the economic life cycle. The revised FITs issued in 2006 were, however, derived from the incorrect formula described in the study of KERI(Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute), and consequently misestimated. The reappraisal values for FIT of new and renewable electricity were shown and interpreted in this paper. An FIT of PV more than 30 kW, for example, should be 972.86 won/kWh instead of current 677.38 won/kWh increasing 43.6%. An upward revision of other FITs for new and renewable electricities should also be required in the range of 8.6% to 47.3%.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제14권11호
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• pp.981-988
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• 2002

Generally, the term "energy saving is economical" is appropriate for the national view point and for design and assessment of one system, but not appropriate when choosing the system by comparing alternative systems in the early design step. Sometimes, non-energy saving system is more economical than energy saving system because of the price of electricity, gas or oil, which are used for operating the air conditioning system. Therefore, when designing the system, we should consider the efficient alternatives through economic assessment of energy saving method. However, research on non-operating number control of the system is not sufficient because it is more common to use operating number control of the system for most economic assessment of air conditioning system. For this reason, this research can provide the economics through operating number control as basic design data. The data obtained through assesment of Life Cycle Cost based on amount of yearly energy use, were produced by system simulation of HASP/ACLD/8501 and HASP/ACSS/8502 for six alternative heating/cooling systems based on constant air volume conditioning system, which is widely used for medium and large office buildings in Busan.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.160-170
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• 2007

본 연구는 교량의 경제성 평가를 통해 교량 가설시 유용한 정보를 제공하기 위해, RC Slab교를 대상으로 유지관리수준에 따른 교량의 LCC를 예측하여 절감비용을 예측하고자 하였다. 본 연구의 수행 결과를 정리하면 다음과 같다. (1) 사례교량 LCC 분석 모델을 제안하였다. (2) 교량의 유지관리수준을 현행과 필요로 구분하고, 분석기간은 80년, 실질할인율은 4.5%로 가정하여 사례대상 교량에 대한 유지관리수준별 LCC를 예측하였다. (3) 사례교량의 LCC 예측결과를 통하여 절감비용을 예측하고 경제적인 절감효과를 파악하였다.

• 한국건설관리학회논문집
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.164-171
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• 2005

최근 생애주기비용 분석의 중요성이 대두됨에 따라 공동주택 리모델링 사업에서의 생애주기비용 분석을 위한 이론적 모델, 표준지침 및 소프트웨어 등이 개발되어지고 있다. 그러나 현재까지도 실질적인 안전진단에 대한 과거 보수이력데이터의 부재로 인한 LCC분석 결과에 대한 신뢰수준이 여전히 미흡하다. 본 연구에서는 사례 공동주택의 신뢰성에 기초한 LCC분석을 통해 리모델링 전략을 평가하고, 장래 요구되는 리모델링 조치수준의 비교 $\cdot$ 분석을 통해 적정 경제성지수를 제시함과 동시에 최근 연구가 활발히 진행 중인 공동주택 리모델링에 대한 실적 LCC 기초자료를 얻고자 하였다. 본 연구에서 제안된 퍼지로직에 기초한 안전성평가와 LCC분석모델은 공동주택 리모델링사업에서의 가치 지향적 설계대안 선정, 경제성평가 및 합리적인 예산의 분배 등에 크게 기여할 것으로 기대된다.

• Computational Structural Engineering : An International Journal
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.11-17
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• 2002

Cost-effectiveness in design is considered for determining the target reliability of concrete bridges under seismic actions. This objective can be achieved based on the economic optimization of the expected life-cycle cost of a bridge, which includes initial cost, direct losses, and indirect losses of a bridge due to strong earthquakes over its lifetime. A separating factor is defined to consider the redundancy of a transportation network. The Park-Ang damage model is employed to define the damage of a bridge under seismic action, and a Monte Carlo method based on the DRAIN-2DX program is developed to assess the failure probability of a bridge. The results for an example bridge analyzed in this paper show that the optimal target failure probability depends on the traffic volume carried by the bridge and is between 1.0×10/sup -3/ to 3.0×10/sup -3/ over a life of 50 years.

• 한국군사과학기술학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.601-611
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• 2010

Currently, a life cycle cost estimates(LCCE) is the most important factor in weapon system acquisition process. However, operation and maintenance(O&M) cost related studies are insufficient from the previous literature survey. O&M cost consists of various cost factors such a man power, maintenance and direct & indirect support costs. We have known that spare-parts cost is a key factor in the O&M cost. In this paper, we developed the spare-parts cost estimating relationships(CERs) of fixed-wing aircraft and armored vehicle weapon systems which include 4 historical cost drivers ; system acquisition cost, deterioration rate, localization rate, mission characteristic. Furthermore, we proposed the application methodologies that O&M cost estimating, total life cycle cost estimating and determination of the economic life using the spare-parts CERs.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.74-79
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• 2011

Engineering valuation is a specialized discipline requiring expert knowledge and judgment, which scientifically estimates the economic value of industrial properties. By industrial properties, we mean engineering structures such as mines, factories, buildings, machines, and other industrial facilities as well as facilities of public enterprises. Particular industrial properties can have longer economic life if their performance is excellent and they are still suitable for current manufacturing needs. If not, its economic life will be shorter. As speed of technological progress becomes rapid, life-cycle and development period of a product is becoming shorter. In an industry characterized by rapid development of technology, industrial properties can become obsolescent faster. Even if they are in good working order, they could be no longer suitable for manufacturing new products based on radically different technology. In our research, we apply engineering approach to estimating functional economic life by factoring in technological obsolescence in such an industry.