• 한국어병학회지
• /
• 제30권1호
• /
• pp.51-61
• /
• 2017

The effect of electromagnetic field on aquatic organisms has received little attention. In the current study, the effect of 50Hz electromagnetic field on muscle histopathology of Caspian Sea Cyprinus carpio, a species of economic importance, was investigated. A total of 120 healthy fish were used in this study. They were classified randomly in one of two groups as follows: Control or unexposed EMF group and experimental group with 5 different magnetic field intensities (0.1, 1, 3, 5 and 7mT) at 2 different exposure times including 30 and 60 minutes. Fish in the experimental group were exposed only once. Two weeks after exposure, dorsal muscles sectioned transversely, stained and were examined using a light microscope. Histopathologic assessments showed significant difference between control and EMF exposed groups at both 30 min. (p<0.01) and 60 min. (p<0.001) exposure times. We report for the first time that electromagnetic field in interaction with muscular tissue of Cyprinus carpio exhibits a dual effect which depends on the field intensity, and exposure time. At short exposure time (30 min.), EMF stimulates muscle growth process. At longer exposure time (60 min.), EMF can damage muscle tissue and result in muscle necrosis. More research is required to elucidate precise mechanisms involved in muscle hypertrophy and pathologic changes.

• 대한안전경영과학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한안전경영과학회 2001년도 추계학술대회
• /
• pp.203-210
• /
• 2001

In the real environment, it is very limited for the trainees to participate the effective training using actual training equipments by themselves and also to simulate several hazard situations for safety because of the direct exposure to the hazards of the actual system. But the virtual environment(VE) can help the trainees to get the effective training participating by themselves and to simulate all kind of possible situation without the exposure to the hazards of the actual system. In this paper, the nor· developed VE system for safety training is introduced. The system is more effective and economic one than the other system developed in Japan.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
• /
• 제3권4호
• /
• pp.35-44
• /
• 2001

In the real environment, it is very limited for the trainees to participate the effective training using actual training equipments by themselves and also to simulate several hazard situations for safety because of the direct exposure to the hazards of the actual system. But the virtual environment(VE) can help the trainees to get the effective training participating by themselves and to simulate all kind of possible situation without the exposure to the hazards of the actual system. In this paper, the new developed VE system for safety training is introduced. The system is more effective and economic one than the other system developed in Japan.

• 한국노년학
• /
• 제34권2호
• /
• pp.349-367
• /
• 2014

본 연구의 목적은 우리나라 60세 이상 지역사회 거주 노인들의 사회경제적 위치, 환경유해인자 노출, 건강수준의 관계를 살펴봄으로써 그 동안 건강불평등 연구에서 고려되지 않았던 환경유해인자 노출의 영향에 대해 탐색하는 것이다. 본 연구는 도시 및 농촌에 거주하는 노인을 대상으로 이루어진 국립환경과학원의 '노령인구의 환경유해인자 노출 및 건강영향 평가' 자료를 활용하여, 563명의 참여자를 대상으로 사회경제적 위치와 환경유해인자 노출 행태와의 관계를 살펴보고 나아가 사회경제적 위치를 통제한 후에 환경유해인자 노출 행태와 건강수준 사이의 관계를 다중 로지스틱 회귀분석을 통해 알아보았다. 연구결과 연구 참여자의 연령, 가구형태, 월평균지출(용돈), 거주건물형태와 거주지역 등의 사회경제적 위치를 나타내는 변수들은 실내 흡연, 실내 살충제 사용, 환기 등 환경유해인자 노출관련 행태와 유의한 연관성을 보였다. 또한 환경유해인자 노출 행태인 실내 흡연 허용은 다른 요인을 통제한 이후에도 주관적 건강상태와 우울감과 유의한 관련성이 있었다. 이는 우리나라 노인들의 사회경제적 위치에 따른 환경유해인자 노출 행태에 차이가 있으며, 나아가 건강수준에 차이가 존재함을 보여줌과 동시에 노인인구의 건강불평등 연구에 있어 환경유해인자 노출행태가 중요하게 고려되어야 함을 의미한다. 향후 노인 인구집단 및 이들을 둘러싸고 있는 환경측면에 대한 이해와 더불어 사회경제적 위치와 환경유해인자 노출, 그리고 건강수준 사이의 인과관계의 규명을 위한 지속적인 연구가 필요하다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• 제50권3호
• /
• pp.210-216
• /
• 2017

Objectives: One way to prevent deaths due to rabies is the timely utilization of post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP). Therefore, in addition to an understanding of the epidemiological distribution of animal bites, it is necessary to explore the factors leading to delays in PEP initiation. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Iran in 2011, and included 7097 cases of animal bites recorded at the Rabies Treatment Center of the Shiraz University of Medical Sciences using the census method. Logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with delays in PEP. Results: Among the patients studied, 5387 (75.9%) were males. The prevalence of animal bites in Fars province was 154.4 per 100 000 people. Dogs were the most frequent source of exposure (67.1%), and the most common bitten part of the body was the hands (45.5%). A delay in the initiation of PEP was found among 6.8% of the studied subjects. This delay was more likely in housewives (odds ratio [OR], 4.66; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.12 to 10.23) and less likely in people with deep wounds (OR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.43 to 0.97). Conclusions: Although all animal bite victims received complete PEP, in some cases, there were delays. Further, the type of animal involved, the depth of the bite, and the patient's occupation were the major factors associated with a delay in the initiation of PEP for rabies prevention.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
• /
• 제10권2호
• /
• pp.52-59
• /
• 2011

Corrosion of metallic materials occurs by the reaction with corrosive environment such as atmosphere, marine, soil, urban, high temperature etc. In general, reduction of thickness and cracking and degradation are resulted from corrosion. Corrosion in all industrial facilities and infrastructure causes large economic losses as well as a large number of accidents. Economic loss by corrosion has been reported to be nearly 1-6% of GNP or GDP. In order to reduce corrosion damage of industrial facilities, corrosion map as well as a systematic investigation of the loss of corrosion in each industrial sector is needed. The Corrosion Science Society of Korea in collaboration with 15 universities and institutes has started to survey on the cost of corrosion and corrosion map of Korea since 2005. This work presents the results of the survey on cost of corrosion by Uhlig, Hoar, and input-output methods, and the evaluation of atmospheric corrosion rate of carbon steel, weathering steel, galvanized steel, copper, and aluminum in Korea. The total corrosion cost was estimated in terms of the percentage of the GDP of industry sectors and the total GDP of Korea. According to the result of Input/output method, corrosion cost of Korea was calculated as 2.9% to GDP (2005). Time of wetness was shown to be categories 3 to 4 in all exposure areas. A definite seasonal difference was observed in Korea. In summer and fall, time of wetness was higher than in other seasons. Because of short exposure period (12 months), significant corrosion trends depending upon materials and exposure corrosion environments were not revealed even though increased mass loss and decreased corrosion rate by exposure time.

• 한국조명전기설비학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국조명전기설비학회 2005년도 학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.173-178
• /
• 2005

Outdoor lighting is an important factor of the urban scape. As a night image of the city, outdoor lighting acts important roles. Cities of developed countries have already had there own night images. Regarding this, government encourages outdoor lighting of building by various ways to building owners. However, in present, owners of private buildings have not been up and coming about outdoor lighting more than those of public buildings in our country. From this point of view, this paper suggests a quantification method for economic effects of outdoor lighting and analyzes economic effects of outdoor lighting in advertising. A suggested measurement method of economic effects is difficult to measure all economic effects of outdoor lighting. Therefore, this measurement method limits the target to the private buildings.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
• /
• 제4권1_2호
• /
• pp.55-65
• /
• 1989

Nevertheless the serious environmental pollution in Korea has been discussed in concern with health effect, the significant effect are not determined easily. Toxicological method has been used to establish safe levels of exposure for environmental pollutants to have threshold health effect below which significant effects are unlikely to occur. However the conventional method cannot to establish safe levels of exposure for non-threshold pollutants have been used to express comprehensive pollution degree, not in detailed toxic effects. Acceptable exposure or risk levels are decides by policymakers who consider descriptions and estimates of risks together with social and economic benefits. This paper focuses on the concept development of risk assessment and describes some risks of environmental pollution based on the surveyed date in Korea. The current concepts of risk assessment in policy descisions can be explored and areas for possible improvement, given current scientific knowledge are identified. The experience of foreign countries can provide a realistic basis for evaluating the existing data of environmental pollutants. To improve the environmental quality, risk regulation should be managed as soon as possible in Korea.

• 대한치과의사협회지
• /
• 제52권3호
• /
• pp.147-152
• /
• 2014

Recently the patient exposure by medical and dental x-ray examination has grown rapidly and diagnostic radiology represents the largest source of man-made radiation. For the patient protection, the principle of justification and optimization should be followed. All the radiographic examinations have to show a potential benefit to the patient weighing against the potential risk. After they are justified, the radiographic exposure should be kept as low as reasonably achievable, taking into account economic and social factors. For the safe use of radiation in dentistry, the radiation safety management in accordance with the legislation is important. The present status and the future of radiation safety management in dental radiology in Korea and other country will be discussed.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
• /
• 제8권2호
• /
• pp.151-159
• /
• 2004

A detailed evaluation of relative toxicity of fluoride to die 5th instar larvae of PM and NB$_4$D$_2$ races of silkworm and the effects of lethal, sublethal and prevailing levels of fluoride in groundwater on the growth, economic characters and fecundity of the silkworm, Bombyx mori (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae) were studied. The feeding of mulberry, Morus alba leaves treated with lethal and sublethal doses of fluoride to PM and NB$_4$D$_2$ races of silkworms from the beginning of the 5th instar to the end of the feeding period resulted in significant reduction in growth, single cocoon weight, single shell weight, silk index, average filament length, and fecundity when compared to controls. These manges were more pronounced on exposure to lethal dose than sublethal dose and in general, the changes induced by fluoride were more striking in NB$_4$D$_2$ than PM, indicating the greater resistance of PM to higher fluoride levels. Groundwater quality in sericulturally important villages of Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh States has been studied with special reference to the presence of fluoride. On exposure to dose of prevailing levels in the waters of sericulturally important areas, die changes observed on growth, economic characters and fecundity were slightly lower when compared to controls and the decrease was found to be insignificant (P$\geq$0.05). It was concluded that, though minute dose (4.0 ppm) of fluoride did not have any toxic impact, it is toxic at higher concentrations to silkworms.