• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제23권10호
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• pp.1755-1762
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• 2014

Water quality of the Koejong-reservoir was estimated by using the ecological model to evaluate the effects of industrial sewage discharge. State variables consist of POC, DOC, phytoplankton, DIP, DIN, DO and COD. Initial conditions for the compartment are applied to the model based on the observed results. The reproducibility was found to be satisfactory with the relative error ranging between the calculated value and the observed value. Water quality simulation was conducted by applying additional industrial sewage discharge into the Koejong-reservoir. The concentrations of COD, Chl.a, DIP and COD showed fluctuations of a narrow range. The increment percentages of Chl.a, COD and DIP were 26.6%, 20.2% and 18.2%, respectively. In the case of DO, the concentration decreased 4.8%.

• 농촌계획
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.55-62
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• 2024

This study aimed to resolve issues in performance monitoring of the ecological sector of the Agricultural Environment Conservation Program through a comparative study of domestic ecological monitoring cases and to identify suitable performance monitoring methods for the project. To achieve this objective, current performance monitoring of the Agricultural Environment Conservation Program was compared and analyzed with domestic ecological monitoring cases to examine their applicability. Research results indicate that domestic ecological monitoring covers a wide range, making it difficult to diagnose the ecological environment at the village level. Therefore, it seems challenging to use these data for evaluating the performance of residents' activities. To accurately assess performances of participating villages in the project, on-site monitoring of the target areas is essential. For this purpose, efforts should be focused on strengthening on-site monitoring through the establishment of collaborative systems. However, domestic ecological monitoring can be utilized for long-term performance monitoring in the Agricultural Environment Conservation Program. By extracting necessary data on agricultural areas through geographic information and particularly by utilizing survey results according to the 'cultivated land ecosystem' type, long-term performance of the project could be evaluated. Accordingly, this study can serve as foundational research for establishing an ecological performance monitoring plan and system suited to the project.

• 식물병연구
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.49-60
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• 2021

Cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) is an important cash crop in Tanzania as a source of income to cashew growers and provides foreign exchange for the country. Despite its significance, the crop is threatened by fast spreading disease known as cashew Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum. Field assessment and laboratory tests were conducted to determine incidences of the disease, severity, ecological factors that influence them and explored the pathogen host specificity in six cashew growing districts. The results revealed significant (P<0.001) variation of disease incidences and severity among the studied districts. The results further revealed that there is both positive and negative correlation between the incidence and severity of the disease versus the evaluated ecological factors. The soil pH, soil temperature, air temperature, and relative humidity depicted positive correlation of disease incidence and severity versus ecological factors at ρ=0.50 and ρ=0.60, ρ=0.20 and ρ=0.94, ρ=0.11 and ρ=0.812, ρ=0.05 and ρ=0.771 respectively while nitrogen, phosphorus, and carbon depicted negative correlations at ρ=-0.22 and ρ=-0.58, ρ=-0.15 and ρ=-0.94, ρ=-0.19 and ρ=-0.12 respectively. In terms of host range, none of the weed species was found to be a carrier of Fusarium pathogen implying that it is host specific or semi selective. The results revealed that the tested ecological parameters favor the growth and development of Fusarium pathogen. Thus, management of the disease requires nutrients replenishment and soil shading as essential components in developing appropriate strategies for the control and prevention of further spread of the disease.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.661-670
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• 2018

This study aims to develop a methodology of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to produce thematic maps from remote sensing data. Optimizing the image size for CNNs was studied, since the size of the image affects to accuracy, working as hyper-parameter. The selected study area is Mt. Ung, located in Dangjin-si, Chungcheongnam-do, South Korea, consisting of both coniferous forest and deciduous forest. Spatial structure analysis and the classification of forest type using CNNs was carried in the study area at a diverse range of scales. As a result of the spatial structure analysis, it was found that the local variance (LV) was high, in the range of 7.65 m to 18.87 m, meaning that the size of objects in the image is likely to be with in this range. As a result of the classification, the image measuring 15.81 m, belonging to the range with highest LV values, had the highest classification accuracy of 85.09%. Also, there was a positive correlation between LV and the accuracy in the range under 15.81 m, which was judged to be the optimal image size. Therefore, the trial and error selection of the optimum image size could be minimized by choosing the result of the spatial structure analysis as the starting point. This study estimated the optimal image size for CNNs using spatial structure analysis and found that this can be used to promote the application of deep-learning in remote sensing.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제54권10호
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• pp.3682-3694
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• 2022

The expansion of a country's ecological footprint generates resources for economic development. China's import bill and carbon footprint can be reduced by investing in green transportation and energy technologies. A sustainable environment depends on the cessation of climate change; the current study investigates nuclear energy efficiency, economic complexity, air transportation, and industrial improvement for reducing environmental footprint. Using data spanning the years 1983-2016, the dynamic autoregressive distributed lag simulation method has demonstrated the short- and long-term variability in the impact of regressors on the ecological footprint. The study findings revealed that economic complexity in China had been found to have a statistically significant impact on the country's ecological footprint. Moreover, the industrial improvement process is helpful for the ecological footprint in China. In the short term, air travel has a negative impact on the ecological footprint, but this effect diminishes over time. Additionally, energy innovation is negative and substantial both in the short and long run, thus demonstrating its positive role in reducing the ecological footprint. Policy implications can be extracted from a wide range of issues, including economic complexity, industrial improvement, air transportation, energy innovation, and ecological impact to achieve sustainable goals.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.137-147
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• 2011

In 2009, United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) recognized the unique outstanding ecosystem biodiversity and distinct ecocultural values of the Shinan Dadohae Biosphere Reserve in the island region. The Dadohae area, which has been sustainably conserved for scores of years, boasts not only a unique ecosystem, but also has residents with a wide range of traditional ecological knowledge. In terms of understanding the soundness of the ecosystem network known as the landscape system, the recent expansion of environmental development has served to heighten the degree of consideration given not only to biodiversity, which has long been used as an indicator to assess ecosystem soundness, but also to assess cultural diversity. Man has used the surrounding landscape and living organisms as his life resources since the beginning. Moreover, whenever necessary, man has developed new species through cultivation. Biodiversity became a foundation that facilitated establishing cultural diversity such as food and housing. Such ecological knowledge has been conveyed not only to adjacent regions, but also at the international level. The recent rapid changes in the Dadohae area island ecosystem caused by the transformation of fishing grounds by such factors as climate change, excess human activities, and marine pollution, is an epoch event in environmental history that shows that the balance between man and nature has become skewed. Furthermore, this issue has moved beyond the biodiversity and landscape diversity level to become an issue that should be addressed at the cultural diversity level. To this end, the time has come to pay close attention to this issue.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.447-461
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• 2018

To realize river restoration that ecological characteristics of the river are reflected, we classified the river into four reaches of valley stream, upstream, midstream, and downstream based on substrate as well as riverbed gradient obtained from the relationship between distance from the river mouth, and above sea level. Considering that the rivers of Korea have been dominated by various and intense artificial interferences over a lengthy period, we determined cross sectional range of the river based on the geological map and clarified transformation degree by reach. Vegetation profile diagram was prepared by depicting horizontal range and vertical stratification of major vegetation appearing in a belt transect of 10 m breadth installed between weirs constructed in both sides of the river. Restoration models by river reach were prepared based on breadth of waterway, bare ground, herb, shrub, and tree dominated vegetation zones on vegetation profiles wherein a flooding regime was reflected. Species composition information collected from vegetation established in each zone was systematized to use for restoring each reach ecologically. Further, background that longitudinal reaches and horizontal zones were divided, was discussed by comparing with case studies in foreign countries. In addition, necessity of ecological restoration of the river was discussed based on degree of integrity of Korean rivers, ecological significance of riparian vegetation, and importance of reference information for ecological restoration of the river.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.292-302
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• 2019

본 연구는 태백산국립공원 백두대간 생태축 연결을 위한 평가항목 및 요인별 가중치 설정을 위해 공원관리와 생태계조사, 생태환경계획과 관련된 분야별 전문가 대상의 설문조사를 토대로 계층화 분석을 실시하였다. 문헌연구와 담당자 면담조사로 생태축 연결을 위한 상위 평가지표 4개와 하위 평가지표 13개를 선정하였으며, 일관성 분석에 의한 유효설문을 대상으로 항목별 가중치를 산정하였다. 분석결과, 상위평가 지표에서는 생태계 가치증진이 0.474로 가장 높고, 자연-인간 갈등완화(0.247), 지역주민의 참여(0.165), 경제적 측면(0.114) 순으로 나타났으며, 하위 평가지표에서는 생물이동경로(0.116), 경관생태적 패치 연결성(0.112), 기능적 서식지(0.099) 등이 중요 항목으로 추출되었다. 분야별 평가항목과 가중치 비교에 따르면 생태계조사 분야에서는 생물종 이동경로(0.116)을 가장 중시하는 반면, 공원관리 분야에서는 기능적 서식지가 0.110로 가장 중요한 항목으로 평가되었으며, 생태환경계획 분야에서는 지역의 보전 및 이용자원 분포현황이 0.123으로 가장 높게 나타났다. 본 연구결과는 태백산국립공원 일대의 생태축 연결에 필요한 조사항목의 선정이나 분야별 연결성 분석방향 설정에 기여할 것이다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.63-76
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• 2016

Slope revegetation refers to the use of vegetation and construction to protect a barren slope devastated by road and building construction. Among many revegetation strategies, hydroseeding has been widely utilized to stabilize barren slopes and has become the representative approach. Previous studies on slope stability have been conducted from a civil engineering perspective, mainly evaluating the stability of cut-slopes on solid bedrock and the use of concrete structures to stabilize devastated slopes. This study was conducted to develop a method to evaluate erosion risk of revegetated cut-slopes, based on criteria derived from previous studies. Twenty-five factors were surveyed on both on-the-spot erosion slopes and non-erosion slopes after slope revegetation to compare slope types. The scores of all non-erosion slopes exceed 80 score while erosion slopes are 80 below. Erosion slopes got the range of 68-74 score while non-erosion slopes got the range of 81-100 score in the first result which was not applied for weighted-values. The scores of all non-erosion slopes exceeded 3.10, while erosion slopes were below 3.10. Erosion slopes were in the range of 2.73-3.09, while non-erosion slopes were in the range of 3.15-3.90 in the second result, which was applied with weighted-values according to the AHP result from a previous study.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.135-151
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• 2015

DMZ is considered as an ecologically sensitive landscape and one of the highest biodiversity regions in the Republic of Korea. There have been, albeit the significant value, increased interests in developing this region for a variety of purposes including tourism and commemorative events. As this region has been already facing a range of problems derived from previous development, natural disaster and invasive species, the necessity for active management of ecological health within this region has been increased, which weighs the importance of executing ecological restoration. The objective of this study was to develop evaluation indices as an effective management means of properly evaluating ecological restoration and sustainably maintaining the restored conditions on a long-term scale. Through literature review existing evaluation indices related to restoration were collected, and then the most suitable indices were selected based upon two interviews and one questionnaire survey targeting experts in the relevant field to ecological restoration. They were categorized by two major division and their subclasses (Ecological base - vegetation structure & composition, habitat characteristics, soil environment; landscape ecology - connectivity, landscape patch, boundary & surrounding) and 40 indices. These indices were considered helpful to comprehensively evaluate ecological restoration on degraded environments within ecologically sensitive areas, and sustainably manage target areas by employing a long-term monitoring approach. As this result played a meaningful role in providing the fundamentals of evaluating ecological restoration, it should develop a suitable evaluation system through further research.