• Journal of Wetlands Research
• /
• v.25 no.2
• /
• pp.159-165
• /
• 2023

This study measured the ecological niche overlap between two deciduous oak species(Quercus acutissmia and Q. dentata) according to the change in growth responses after treating with the moisture and nutrient contents of the soil at four gradients, and interpreted the degree of competition between the two oak species by ordination method. In the moisture environment gradient, the ecological niche overlap of the two species was high in the photosynthesis-related leaf organs and low in plant architecture such as shoot length. In addition, in case of competition between two oaks, Q. dentata was remarkably dominant in soil moisture gradient, but Q. acutissimia slightly was slightly advantageous over Q. dentata in the soil nutrient gradient. These results show that even in a similar taxonomical group growing in a similar habitat, the response to the organ system of the plant varies depending on the type of environment factor, resulting in different competitive differences among plants.

• Hwankyungkyoyuk
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.65-74
• /
• 2000

Environmentally literated students and adults should be able to use and apply the basic ecological concepts when considering environmental problems and issues. Because ecology forms the foundation of environmental education, a review of the literatures on the degree of students' understanding for ecological concepts can provide useful insights for environmental educators. The purposes of this study were as follows: first, to analyse the parts connected with ecological knowledge of two environmental education books, ‘environments’(middle school) and ‘environmental science’(high school), second, to investigate the level of understanding on ecological concepts by the use of new developed instrument. The 20 most important ecological concepts from Cherrett(1989) and the important ecological concepts' lists from Hungerford and Volk(1990), Ramsey, Hungerford and Volk(1992), Volk(1993) would be recognized and endorsed by most environmental educators as concepts essential to environmental literacy, We referenced these informations and sequenced ecological knowledge as four main categories(communities, populations, ecosystem, man as a component of the nature systems). We have used it as a criterion in the analysis of teaching materials and the development of a new test instrument($\alpha$=0.81). According to the analysed results, the understanding levels for scales and relationships of communities, populations, ecosystem were high but those for individual concepts and differences were low. By the analysis of Korean High School EE book, ‘environmental science’, learning for some concepts(succession, material cycling, niche etc.) has pointed out as one of problems. Environmental educators must pay a careful attention to the concepts that showed high rates of incorrect answer and this work will contribute toward consolidating the basis of EE and help the accomplishment of the ultimate goals in EE.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.26 no.1
• /
• pp.70-82
• /
• 1998

The purpose of this study was to propose the community planting method through analyzing the plant community structure of three green space types and the relationship of vegetation and wild bird inhabitation of urban environmental forest in Seoul, Korea. The results from this study showed that the vegetation stratification, coverage, and species diversity were closely related to the wild bird inhabitation. In addition, the environmental forest in study site was analyzed as a negative factor that may decrease the biodiversity. Therefore the ecological structure and environmental condition must be considered in order to improve the quality of environmental forest. Based on results in three green space types, the planting species, density and species size for proper community planting were proposed in this study. The ecological niche relationships among sixteen selected species were also presented. The results will be provided as an valueable output for the completed community planting of urban green space in the central region, Korea.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
• /
• v.32 no.1
• /
• pp.94-98
• /
• 2016

Calamus andamanicus Kurz is one of the commercially important solitary rattans endemic to Andaman and Nicobar islands. The habitat suitability modeling program, MaxEnt, was used to predict the potential ecological niches of this species, based on bioclimatic variables. The study revealed high potential distribution of C. andamanicus across both Andaman and Nicobar islands. Of the 33 spatially unique points, 21 points were recorded from South and North Andamans and 12 from Great Nicobar Islands. The islands like Little Andaman, North Sentinel, Little Nicobar, Tllangchong, Teressa were also predicted positive even though this rattan is not recorded from these islands. Mean diurnal range, higher precipitation in the wettest month of the year, annual precipitation and precipitation in the driest month are the main predictors of this species distribution.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Fisheries Technology Conference
• /
• 2002.10a
• /
• pp.270-272
• /
• 2002

Competitive species have the same spatial distribution (habitat) and foraging behavior (niche), while non-competitive species have either different feeding behavior or spatial distribution. Therefore, ecological segregation among species of fish results rfom differences in foraging behavior and spatial distribution (Allen, 1984; Zhang 1988). To explore these ecological strategies among major small fish pelagics in Korean waters, distribution of CPUE in the Korean large purse seine fishery were examined. (omitted)

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.17-33
• /
• 1999

내장산국립공원에 자생하고 있는 굴거리나무 개체군의 분포와 식생구조를 분석하였다. 굴거리나무 개체군은 내장사지구의 금선계곡과 원적계곡, 백양사지구의 운문암 주변에서 분포하고 있으며, 그 면적은 각각 1.8km2, 0.6km2 이었다. 굴거리나무 개체군의 밀도는 금선계곡 전망대 주변이 가장 높았고, 금선계곡과 운문암 주변에서 비교적 높았다. 굴거리나무는 경사가 급한 전석지대에서 생육하고 있으며, 대팻집나무, 산딸나무, 작살나무와 생태적 적소가 유사한 것으로 생각된다. 식생구조분석 결과 내장산국립공원 산림의 아교목층과 관목층에서 굴거리나무의 우점도가 증가할 것으로 예상된다.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
• /
• v.38 no.4
• /
• pp.493-503
• /
• 2015

This study analyzed how spatial distribution of Himantormia lugubris is affected by the microenvironment in the Antarctic Specially Protected Area (ASPA) No. 171 located in the Barton Peninsula of King George Island that belongs to the maritime Antarctic. In order to determine the population structure of H. lugubris growing in Baekje Hill within ASPA No. 171, we counted the individuals of different size groups after dividing the population into 5 growth stages according to mean diameter as follows: ≤ 1 cm, 1-3 cm, 3-5 cm, 5-10 cm, and ≥ 10 cm. The count of H. lugubris individuals in each growth stage was converted into its percentage with respect to the entire population, which yielded the finding that stages 1 through 5 accounted for 32.8%, 25.3%, 15.9%, 22.5%, and 3.5%, respectively. This suggests that the population of H. lugubris in ASPA No. 171 has a stable reverse J-shaped population structure, with the younger individuals outnumbering mature ones. The mean density of H. lugubris was 17.6/0.25 m², mean canopy cover 13.3%, and the mean dry weight 37.8 g/0.25 m². It began to produce spore in the sizes over 3 cm, and most individuals measuring 5-10 cm were adults with sexually mature apothecia. The spatial distribution of H. lugubris was highly heterogeneous. The major factors influencing its distribution and performance were found to be the period covered by snow, wind direction, moisture, size of the substrate, and canopy cover of Usnea spp. Based on these factors, we constructed a prediction model for estimating the spatial distribution of H. lugubris. Conclusively, the major factors for the spatial distribution of H. lugubris were snow, wind, substrate and the competition with Usnea spp. These results are important for understanding of the distribution in the maritime Antarctic and evolution of H. lugubris that claims a unique life history and ecological niche.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.14 no.10
• /
• pp.1483-1496
• /
• 2001

Small ruminants form an important economic and ecological niche in small farm systems and agriculture. Their current low level of contribution is dismal, and is not commensurate with the potential capacity for higher levels of production. The context for productivity enhancement and increased socio-economic contribution relates to large sizes of small ruminant populations; wide distribution across various agro-ecological zones and production systems; and diversity of breeds, where 66% of all goat and 57% of sheep breeds in Asia are found in China, India and Pakistan. The advantages and disadvantages of small ruminants over larger ruminants are enumerated with reference to adaptation and environment, small size, production systems and products and interactions with the environment. Discussion focuses especially on efficiency of meat production and niche markets for higher-priced goat meat, and inefficient marketing systems given an estimated 40-45% loss of income to farmers presently. Increasing the quantity of meat produced is related to live weight and the total number of animals at Slaughter, which in turn, depend on the total number of offsprings weaned and lifetime productivity. At the national level, priority attention is essential to build up numbers in concerted breeding programmes, selection for efficiency of reproduction and meat production, and improvements to make traditional markets and marketing systems to respond to the changing environmental and consumer preferences. Post-production systems are neglected and improvements are associated with collection, handling, marketing, slaughter facilities and consumer requirements. Potential opportunities to expand and benefit from integrating small ruminants into annual and perennial cropping systems remain largely unexplored. Important development imperatives include choice of species and better use of available breeds, appropriate production systems that match available feed resources, and linkages between production, products and by-products to markets. Affirmative action is necessary, backed by official policy support, institutional commitment and increased resource use, that can target poverty and directly benefit the poor, and shift subsistence production to a more market-oriented opportunity. These efforts together constitute the challenges for both the owners and producers of small ruminants in the immediate future, as also the will to accelerate increased productivity, improve their livelihoods and promote rural growth.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
• /
• v.56 no.4
• /
• pp.384-392
• /
• 2023

Stomatal pore is an important physiological trait that is closely linked to photosynthesis and transpiration as carbon dioxide and water vapor move through it between the atmosphere and plants. The present study investigated stomatal traits, such as stomatal density, index and size, of herbaceous native and alien plant species living in a riparian park on the Nakdong River to understand how those traits vary and to know if successful settlement of alien plants is attributed to those traits. There was no difference in stomatal density, index and size between native and alien plants with kidney-shaped stomata, suggesting that an empty ecological niche is not an essential prerequisite for the successful settlement of alien plants. Stomatal density showed a negative correlation with leaf thickness and leaf dry weight content (LMDC), but there was no correlation with Specific leaf area (SLA). All plants with kidney-shaped stomata had amphistomatous leaves, and the density and size of dumbell-shaped stomata were lower than those of kidney-shaped stomata.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
• /
• v.41 no.8
• /
• pp.202-212
• /
• 2017

Background: To reveal establishment strategy of Sparganium erectum, we tried to find realized niche of adults through field survey and effects of water level on the establishment process through mesocosm experiments. Results: In the field survey, the height and coverage of community living in deeper water were greater than those of community living in shallow water. There was no statistically significant difference (p > 0.05) in the means of water and soil properties between the two communities. In mesocosm experiments, we found no correlation between water levels and germination rates, but S. erectum seedlings have characteristics of post germination seedling buoyancy when S. erectum seeds germinated in inundation conditions. Shoot height, total leaf length, and survival rates of sinking seedlings in shallow water levels at -5, 0, and 5 cm were higher than those in deeper water levels at 10 and 20 cm. Floating seedlings established in water levels of 3 and 6 cm only. The seedlings could live up to 6 weeks in floating state but died if they were unable to establish. Conclusions: The water level around adult S. erectum communities in the field were different from the water level at which S. erectum seedlings can survive in the mesocosm experiments. The findings provided not only understanding of S. erectum habitat characteristics but also evidence to connect historical links between the early seedlings stage and adult habitat conditions. We suggested the logical establishment strategy of S. erectum based on the data.