• KIEAE Journal
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.93-101
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• 2016

Purpose : This research aims to present policy plans for community vitality in the field of the urban regeneration project by analyzing aspects for vitality via domestic and abroad city policies and cases. Methods: The research method works as follows: The first step is 1) to introduce the concept of evaluation matrix to analyze cases of urban generation, 2) to apply to the proposed evaluation matrix, and then 3) to analyze communities' decline diagnosis, counterstrategies, and promotion process. And the second step is to draw features and evaluation of cases and to present the policy plan for communities' vitality with the urban regeneration project in South Korea via a comprehensive analysis. Result : This research confirmed the fact that when different sectors is expanded toward a mutual cooperation, communities are vitalized, having a mutual effect on other related sectors by taking a part in the community positively. Especially in the base of each characteristic and estimation, when various activities and socio-economic programs with residents are promoted in the integrated system, communities are successful. Through this results we present four policy plans for community vitality of the urban regeneration project in South Korea.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.74-82
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• 2000

This study was designed to determine the attitude and degree of satisfaction of recipients toward the meal service program for elderly people. Nine hundred and eight elderly people(male: 301, female: 607) were interviewed by trained personnel. The results were as follows. Forty two percent of them had no income and 43.8% of the respondents were supported economically by the government. Their main reasons for attending the free congregated meal program was economic hardship(37.9%) The channels of becoming aware of the free meal program were through their friends(33.4%) and the meal service centers were located in the respondents residence area(36.0%) Thus any other advertisement from local government of official channels about the free meal program were not effective for the elderly 26.9% of the respondents felt inconvenience in visiting the meal service centers because they had some difficulty in walking, 53.5% of them however answered that they didn t have any complains and were quite satisfied with the meal service. The average satisfaction score for the free meal service was 63.4(maximum score 75) As for each evaluation item respondents were highly satisfied with volunteers attitude in meal serving(4.58$\pm$0.65: maximum 5 point) The evaluation score of females was generally lower than that of males(p<0.05) Oncemore, respondents who were in lowere socio-economic classes were marked by having significantly lower satisfaction scores for the meal service compared with higher scocio-economic classes. For the welfare of elderly people, meal service programs should be extended to more elderly persons and developed considering the elderlys ecological factors.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.1-1
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• 1995

This paper evaluates the historical development of national park policy and administration in Japan from the perspective of achieving sustainable development in nationally important ecological areas. Contrary to the widely held belief, the national park system in Japan has been unsuccessful in balancing conservation and development. The fundamental reasons for its failure are as follows: the Japan's national park system has been largely founded and developed based on economic grounds and held sway by economic development policy; the policy and administrative coordination between government units concerning conservation and development has not been carried out; public participation and environmental groups' involvement in the decision making have been extremely limited; national parks have been perceived in the public image not as distinctive national heritage but as finest and popular tourist sites; and the dominant interest of tourism and recreational development has prevailed over conservation interest. Japan's unsuccessful experience and lessons imply that there is urgent need to drastically reform our national park system, largely founded on the Japanese model, in order to save our last national environmental heritage.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.303-315
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• 1995

This paper evaluates the historical development of national park policy and administration in Japan from the perspective of achieving sustainable development in nationally important ecological areas. Contrary to the widely held belief, the national park system in Japan has been unsuccessful in balancing conservation and development. The fundamental reasons for its failure are as follows: the Japan's national park system has been largely founded and developed based on economic grounds and held sway by economic development policy; the policy and administrative coordination between government units concerning conservation and development has not been carried out; public participation and environmental groups' involvement in the decision making have been extremely limited; national parks have been perceived in the public image not as distinctive national heritage but as finest and popular tourist sites; and the dominant interest of tourism and recreational development has prevailed over conservation interest. Japan's unsuccessful experience and lessons imply that there is urgent need to drastically reform our national park system, largely founded on the Japanese model, in order to save our last national environmental heritage.

• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.109-135
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• 2010

This study estimated the social benefits of establishment 01 the Taehwa Field Ecology Park in Ulsan Metropolitan City, using CVM(Contingent Valuation Method) with multiple choices in consideration of respondent's uncertainty. The estimation results 01 lour logit models show that the probability of willingness-to-pay increases significantly with higher income, higher evaluation on the relevancy of establishment of the Park, and male gender, and decreases significantly with the bidding price. Truncated mean household WTP is estimated as 2,409.4 KRW in the MBYES model with the most efficient estimates of WTP among four models. On the basis of the WTP estimates, the present values of total social benefits in Ulsan Metropolitan City are estimated as 236.5 bill ion KRW when applying the 5% discount rate. This result shows that the present values of total social benefits are greater than the total costs in all models, and thus may prove the economic relevancy of the investment for the ecology park establishment.

• Journal of People, Plants, and Environment
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.433-443
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• 2020

Background and objective: The boom in urban agriculture has also resulted in the creation of many school gardens. With the increase in various hands-on education programs, people are interested in assessing the value of school gardens. This study was conducted to derive indicators for service value assessement of educational farming experience using school gardens. Methods: Through literature review, we selected assessment items and sub-factors. The indicators for evaluating the effectiveness of school gardens are classified using the Delphi method that involve a focus group experts. In order to increase the reliability and validity of the selected and classified items, an exploratory factor analysis was conducted. In addition, the relative importance and priority of each factor in each field were assessed using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). Results: We classified the indicators into 4 criteria and come up with 13 items and 33 sub-factors in educational value, health value, economic value, and ecological and environmental value. Most of the items for the 4 value criteria derived were significant for assessing the value of agricultural experience services with content validity ratio (CVR) higher than 0.59 and reliability higher than .6 . In the value criteria, the experts rated educational value as the most important, followed by health value, ecological and environmental value, and economic value. In the assessment items, the most important was improvement of social functions. In the sub-factors, the most important was strengthening of ties (friendly interactions). Conclusion: Among the derived indicators assessing the value of school gardens, 4 criteria, 12 evaluation items and 29 sub-factors showed significance. The schematic index would be useful for the assessment.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.23-30
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• 2013

Due to rapid urbanization and industrialization in Korea urban environmental problems such as changes in climate and shortage in green spaces and social problems such as lacks of interactions with neighbors have occurred and community garden appeared as one means to solve such problems. The purpose of this study is to comprehensively identify the evaluation items to measure the effect of community gardens. This study comprehensively researched the evaluation items through literature studies of domestic and overseas documents and verified their contents through case studies of domestic site. As a result of this study, a total of 39 measurement items for evaluation was identified and these items were divided into five large categories of "eco-environmental effect," "production and economic effect," "physical effect," "psychological effect," and "social effect" and these categories could be subdivided into 12 types. This study can be used as references for positively introducing the community gardens in Korea and has a meaning that it can be developed as an analyzing tool for measuring the concrete effects of community gardens when they are introduced in Korea in large numbers hereafter.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.305-314
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• 2008

As forest land takes up 65% of the Korean peninsula, there have been continuing conflicts between the development and conservation of forest land. As the income level has changed over time, the usage of forest land in society has changed. There has been increasing demands for forest land for urban development and recreational use. On the other hand, a large proportion of the land is required to be preserved for the forest and the natural ecosystem in it. The existing management system for the forest land has been designed focusing on the management of the trees on the land, and not the land itself. Due to this limitation, the current management system of forest land has failed to protect the forest land from being developed indiscreetly, making it difficult to conserve and develop the forest land in an efficient way. A major question in forest land management is how to integrate economic use activities with the supporting ecosystems to maximize performance of the ecological-economic system. In order to promote sustainable use of forest resources, and to achieve efficient forest land management, it is prerequisite to evaluation on forest resources of natural ecosystems. Quantitative measures are needed that signify how necessary the services and products of forested ecosystems are to human endeavors. In this study, the natural wealth provided by forest land was quantified based on emergy synthesis. Emergy is a universal measure of real wealth of the work of nature and society made on a common basis. Thus, Calculations of emergy provide a basis for making choices about environment and economy following the general public policy to maximize real wealth. The goals of forest land management to achieve balance between the ecology and economy of its integrated system and to foster equity among the diverse outcomes of the forest land were assessed with emergy. Emergy was demonstrated to holistically integrated and quantify the interconnections of a coupled nature-human system allowing the goals of ecological balance and outcome equity to be measured quantitatively. Doing so will provide a better understanding of the basis of forest land wealth and the consequences of management decisions.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.57-65
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• 2024

Paiche (Arapaima gigas), is a colossal freshwater fish native to the Amazon basin. Its geographic distribution spans various regions, including Brazil, Peru, Colombia, and Guyana, making it a significant component of the aquatic ecosystems in this area. Beyond its ecological role, the paiche holds substantial importance as a valuable fish resource for local communities, providing sustenance and economic opportunities. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the reproductive aspects of the paiche, based on information published from January 2000 to January 2022. It encompasses a wide range of reproductive characteristics, including sexual differentiation, age at first maturity, and identification techniques. Additionally, it offers an evaluation of various mating behaviors, highlighting their respective advantages and disadvantages. The review also explores genetic and behavioral traits observed in both wild and captive specimens, offering valuable insights for the effective management of breeding programs.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.33-50
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• 2023

This study is to propose the ecosystem service valuation method as a complementary or alternative tool to overcome the limitations of the contingent valuation method(CVM), typically used to assess social benefits in preliminary feasibility studies. With an increasing interest in natural and environmental restoration projects, we assessed social benefits with theses CVM and ecosystem service valuation method from a case of Janghang wetland restoration project and compared the extent of the two social benefits. For quantitative evaluation of ecosystem services, the biophysical quantity for each ecosystem service indicator was calculated and then converted into currency (KRW) units to estimate the economic value of ecosystem services. The four ecosystem regulating service indicators were selected including greenhouse gas capture/storage, air pollution, water quantity and quality regulation. The amounts of CO₂ sequestration and storage as a ecosystem's greenhouse gas regulating service in the study area were 73.04 tCO₂/yr and 5,867.53 tCO₂/yr respectively. The reduction of SO₂, one of air pollutant gases by ecosystems was calculated to be 180.27 kg/yr, the reduction of NO₂ to be 378.90 kg/yr, and the reduction of fine dust (PM10) to be 9,713.92 kg/yr. The amount of freshwater regulating service by the ecosystem was estimated to be 459,394,319ℓ/yr, and the amount of nitrogen in freshwater removed by the ecosystem was 78.00kg/yr. Study results show that the benefits derived from the CVM were KRW 227.8 billion over the 30-year analysis period and those from the ecosystem service valuation method were KRW 41.4 billion for regulatory services and KRW 148.8 billion for cultural services, totaling KRW 189.5 billion. With KRW 184.8 billion of the total costs, the benefit/cost ratio using the CVM was 1.23 and that with the ecosystem service valuation method was 1.03. This study implications include that the CVM and ecosystem service valuation method can be applied together to assess and compare social benefits for natural and environmental restoration projects.