• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.119-127
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• 1987

On the east slope of the front ranges of the Colorado Rockies, USA, three species of Populus are distributed at different elevations from the Great Plains to the timberline. At elevations 1, 720m (P. sargentii), 2, 335m (P.angustifolia) and 3, 190m (P.tremuloides) chlorophyll cotents of leaves of thses dioecious trees were determined. Total chlorophyll content was in the range of 0.86-1.56mg/g leaf, increasing with elevation as a second-degree polynomial, and the peak content was estimated to be reached at about 2, 800m. Total chlorophyll content was greater in female than in male trees in the two higher elevation species, but not in P. sargentii, the low elevation species. Chlorophyll b content was greater than chlorophyll a content in the same two higher elevation species. The increase of chlorophyll b than to increase of chlorophyll a content. These phenomena appear to be the result of adaptation of these species to different environmental conditional at different elevation. Sequential distribution of plant populations on environmental gradients in such a way that variation in given plant characters paralell the environmental gradient must occur not only in ecotypes of a species, but also in different but closely related species.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.165-178
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• 1996

We investigated the role of competition in adaptation to varying water availability levels for two ecotypically-differentiated populations of Impatiens pallida found naturally in low- vs. high-water environments. In a greenhouse experiment, seedlings were grown in pure cultures at two densities (n=1 and 2 plants per pot) and in mixed cultures (n=2) under low-, medium- and high-water treatments. The two populations were shown to be genetically distinct across the range of environmental conditions in the greenhouse experiment, confirming previous findings. The two populations had similar morphological responses to density and water availability in pure cultures and mixtures, but the population from the high-water environment showed a greater growth response to high water availability than did the population from the low-water environment and the difference in growth between the two populations decreased from the high-water to low-water treatment. Relative competitive ability of two populations were compared under three different water treatments and two densities. Differential response to watering treatment and density were not reflected in a difference in relative competitive ability. Relative yield totals were significantly greater than 1 overall. The niche differentiation suggested by RYTs>1 may be responsible for the lack of differential competitive effects observed for populations in the three vatering treatments.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.65-75
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• 2018

The emission of greenhouse gases mainly carbon dioxide and methane is the result of rapid industrialization to meet the demands of ever-growing population. This has resulted in an increase of global temperature which in turn is responsible for severe environmental, social, ecological and economic losses, commonly known as to as 'climate change'. This study attempts to highlight the impacts of climate change mainly focussing on water contamination, sanitation and open defecation in India. The requirement for the instantaneous employment of environment friendly technologies along with improved sanitary system has been discussed. Various other issues which are also linked to climate change that need further management like managing water resources, deterioration in human health, economic losses, modification and successful implementation of policies have been pointed out. Furthermore, stress has been made for the urgent adaptation and rethinking for making strategies along with the involvement of women in order to cop up challenges offered by climate change.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.87-99
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• 1991

Changes of phycobiliproteins(PBP) quantity and ferredoxin-NADP reductase(FNR) activity were investigated in various light illuminated cyanobacteria, Anabaena variabilis. PBP components were increased under blue light illumination, whereas decreased under red light illumination. PBP contents were twofolds in blue light than in red light. In view of the PBP composition, allophycocyanin(APC) in red light was higher 5.5% and phycoerythrocyanin(PEC) in blue light was higher 2.2% than in white light-illuminated PBP. It was suggested that PBP changes in bule light be the results of regulation of photosysthetic efficiency and protection of photosystem, whereas PBP changes in red light be effected by adaptation of adequate harvesting of light energy in photosystem. Changes of FNR activity were highest in red light, and sequenced lower to blue light and green light. It means that light-dependent production rate of NADP is the highest in red light. The difference of values was larger than that of values in comparison of red and blue light. It was suggested that increasing of FNR activity be due not to the function of isozyme, but to the synthesis of enzymes. Because of NAD/NADP regulation-effect to metabolism, it was considered that FNR activity might influence the metabolism indirectly and explain the probability of regulation in pathways of key enzyme activation. FNR activity was directly proportional to intensity of light. Optimum temperature and pH were about 25℃ and 7.5, respectively.

• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.243-248
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• 2005

As environmental Problems are increasing, many attempts to solve problems and preserve environment are appearing around the world. Not only in construction, but also dwelling life, residents attend many activities to improve environmental problems. Ecological development example of Freiburg in Germany was focused in this study to show the direction of development of environmental friendly housing complex in Korea. The target of study is Vauban Housing Complex of Freiburg in Germany. The study methods are literature study and field trip. Contents of the study include 1) formation process of the complex 2) physical environment of the complex 3) environmental friendly factors of the complex 4) environmental friendly life style of the residents, etc. Result of this study is as follows. Vauban Housing Complex was remodeled from the existed army buildings by residents themselves through education and negotiations. Residents' life satisfaction and housing adaptation level were high on the whole. The principle of the complex formation was use of natural feature itself in maximum against developing in minimum. For instance, construction materials, energy saving, resources saving were planned and used carefully. The residents led community successfully according to environmental friendly life principles. In conclusion, the persistent study on environmental components is necessary that is suitable to Korean situation.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.267-279
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• 1992

The relationship between pb, zn, cd, and the microbial biomass and activity were investigated in three public park soils of central and outer london. Variability with distance from the roadside and profile were studied. The heavey metal concentrations were the highest in hampstead heath and hyde park with high trafic density and the lowest in hainault. The highest concentrations of heavy metals were found adjacent to the roadside in the upper parts of the soil profile. Dehydrogenase activity, adenosine tri-phosphate and ergosterol contents used as indices of micrbial biomass and activity, were generally higher in hainadult, and also higher in the upper pats of the soil profile. Simple regression analysis indicated that the microbial biomass and activity were affected significantly by moisture content, water holding capacity, total organic carbon, total nitrogen, and organic mater rather than heavy metal concentration. Highest inputs of nitrogen and carbon were associated with high inputs of heavey metals, all three being derived from vehicle emissions adjacent to the road. The hyde park and hampstead heath microbial populations were able to respond to the c and n input positively by increase in biomass and activity, whereas the hainault populations could not. This rsult suggrsts adaptation in he former to heavy matals, but not in the latter.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.31-39
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• 2016

Purpose: Urban heat island and Heat wave raise urban temperature and create damage of human life. Growing up as quantitative supply to solve shortage of housing, Urban residential area in Korea have a low rate of nature surface and heavily population makes temperature rise. Most houses in the declined residential area are multi-family rental housing and have many factors congesting housing environment such as narrow in-between space, outdoor staircases, walls and semi-basement floor, which make thermal environment getting worse. Most of the residents in this area are small tenants vulnerable to climate change adaptation, This damage is expected to be even greater. This study focus on multiple dwelling in urban residential area prone to temperature rise and draw temperature adaption method that can apply to multiple dwelling.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.23-30
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• 2010

The residence means a given place. It is repeated that process of overcome, protection, assimilation and adaptation has applied to environmental condition. Architecture is part of environment and various. Thus there are lots of types. We need the place with uniqueness, and it is suitable for biological and humanistic environment. The living space turned to be meaningful place with design, and people start to live with nature together. Therefore design restructures whole environment and makes people to be closed with nature. We have to understand nature of environment to connect one place with the other place, and people start to put down roots certain place. Coping with social needs, we have to develop the architectural alternative which can be applied to natural condition. This study suggest sound high-density urban residential model as it function social mix.

• Food Science and Industry
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.60-73
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• 2017

Recently, the whole world is facing an unprecedented moment of opportunity, so-called The Fourth Industrial Revolution. As emphasized in the World Economic Forum held in January of 2016 at Davos, the Fourth Industrial Revolution is not merely a changes of technological devices. The fundamental of the revolution is new, innovative, and visionary business models which change the whole systems dramatically. One of the greatest challenges is to feed an expected population of 9 billion by 2050 in a impactful way. The system should be sustainable as well as beneficial in improving the lives of people in the food chain along with the ecological health of environment. The technological advances of the Fourth Industrial Revolution are expected to improve our food system. The smart farm technology such as precision planting and irrigation techniques will improve the yields of food materials. The smart food transportation and logistics systems will substantially improve the safety and human nutrition. The adaptation the Fourth Industrial Revolution technology will induce the smart supply chains, smart production, and smart products in food industry due to its flexibility and standardization. This will lead the manufactures to adapt to customers' changing product specifications and traceable services in a timely manner.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.24 no.7
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• pp.235-242
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• 2021

The present study investigated the critical thermal maxima (CT_max) of red-spotted grouper, Epinephelus akaara under different acclimation temperatures (T_acc). Fish were acclimated at 24℃, 28℃, and 32℃ water temperature for 2 weeks. Water temperature was increased at a rate of 1℃/h and CT_max level was measured following the critical thermal methodology (Paladino et al., 1980). The results showed that CT_max values of E. akaara were 35.61℃, 36.83℃, and 37.65℃ for fish acclimated at 24℃, 28℃, and 32℃, respectively. The acclimation response ratio (ARR) was 0.26. The CT_max values were significantly correlated with body size. Collectively, it is said that the CT_max value of red-spotted grouper can be affected by different adaptation temperature (24℃, 28℃, and 32℃) and the fish acclimated to a higher temperature has a higher CT_max level. Besides, the CT_max value of 35.61℃-37.65℃ indicating the upper thermal tolerance limit for E. akaara under different T_acc (24℃, 28℃, and 32℃). Understanding the thermal tolerance of E. akaara is of ecological importance in the conservation of this species.