• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.32-48
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• 2024

Background: Longitudinal connectivity in river systems strongly affects biological components related to ecosystem functioning, thereby playing an important role in shaping local biodiversity and ecosystem health. Environmental DNA (eDNA)-based metabarcoding has an advantage of enabling to sensitively diagnose the presence/absence of species, becoming an efficient/effective approach for studying the community structure of ecosystems. However, little attention has been paid to eDNA-based biomonitoring for river systems, particularly for assessing the river longitudinal connectivity. In this study, by using eDNA we analyzed and compared species diversity and composition among artificial barriers to assess the longitudinal connectivity of the fish community along down-, mid- and upstream in the Hotancheon from the Geum River basin. Moreover, we investigated temporal variation in eDNA fish community structure and species diversity according to season. Results: The results of species detected between eDNA and conventional surveys revealed higher sensitivity for eDNA and 61% of species (23/38) detected in both methods. The results showed that eDNA-based fish community structure differs from down-, mid- and upstream, and species diversity decreased from down to upstream regardless of season. We found that there was generally higher species diversity at the study sites in spring (a total number of species across the sites [n] = 29) than in autumn (n = 27). Nonmetric multidimensional scaling and heatmap analyses further suggest that there was a tendency for community clusters to form in the down-, mid- and upstream, and seasonal variation in the community structure also existed for the sites. Dominant species in the Hotancheon was Rhynchocypris oxycephalus (26.07%) regardless of season, and subdominant species was Nipponocypris koreanus (16.50%) in spring and Odontobutis platycephala (15.73%) in autumn. Artificial barriers appeared to negatively affect the connectivity of some fish species of high mobility. Conclusions: This study attempts to establish a biological monitoring system by highlighting the versatility and power of eDNA metabarcoding in monitoring native fish community and further evaluating the longitudinal connectivity of river ecosystems. The results of this study suggest that eDNA can be applied to identify fish community structure and species diversity in river systems, although some shortcomings remain still need to be resolved.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.1-16
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• 2012

The research has analysed the targeted land situation, the composition of species, legally controlled plants, vegetation distribution, dominance, species diversity, and the similarity to evaluate the plant characterization of the eco forest in Jangsan, Busan. The results of the research is as following. The number of the plants that belongs to the area is 63 families, 126 genuses, and 163 species. Among them the fern plants : 4 families, 5 genuses, 5 species, and the egg species : 5 families, 8 species, 10 species, and angiospermae : 54 families, 113 genuses, 148 species have been checked. Monocotyledoneae of angiospermae : 7 families, 20 genuses, 22 species (13.5%) and dicotyledoneae : 47 families, 93 genuses, 126 species (77.3%) have been totally checked. The endangered wildlife species by the standard of the Ministry of Environment and the rare plants by the standard of IUCN evaluation realesed by the Bureau of Forest and National Plant Institution has never been checked but one species of Weigela subsessilis has been checked as an approving plant in being delivered abroad, the 8 imported plant by the standard of National Plant Institution checked, some disturbing ecosystem plants released by the Ministry of Environment (2009) not emerged. The succession into the oak trees is occurring to the biodiversity of the researched area, the number of species and their species diversity.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.413-427
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• 1997

Porphyromonas endodontalis and Prevotella intermedia are black-pigmented anaerobic gram negative rods which have been isolated from infected root canals and submucous abscesses of endodontic origin. And they are associated with clinical symptoms such as pain, percussion, and foul odor. It has been reported that there are 3 serotypes according to capsule membrane in P. endodontalis and 2 DNA homology groups and 3 serotypes in P. intermedia, but there is no data available regarding genetic diversity for the species P. endodontalis and P. intermedia. The purpose of this study is to investigate genetic diversities between individual strains of P. endodontalis and P. intermedia which are indistinguishable by serotyping and biotyping using bacterial DNA restriction endonuclease analysis. 45 teeth with at least one clinical symptoms, with single canal, and with pulp necrosis were sampled. For sampling bacteria, access cavity was prepared after disinfecting tooth and its surroundings. Then the paper point was inserted to the apex of the canal, leave there for 15 seconds, and finally it was placed into PRAS Ringer's solution and PBS solution. P. endodontalis and P. intermedia were identified by biochemical test and IIF after subculturing black and brown colonies which were produced after 7 days of incubation on BAP in anaerobic chamber. P. endodontalis and P. intermedia strains were grown in BHI broth and whole genomic DNA was extracted by phenol-chloroform extraction technique and digested by restriction endonuclease, Eco RI and Pst I. The resulting DNA fragments were separated by agarose gel electrophoresis, stained with EtBr and photographed under UV light. The results were as follows : 1. In both P. endodontalis and P. intermedia, different serotypes could be found within a root canal of same patient. 2. There were obvious genetic heterogeneity within a patient and within a serotype in both P. endodontalis and P. intermedia. 3. P. endodontalis serotype c, isolated from different patients, exhibited limited genotypic diversity.

• Journal of Species Research
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.281-285
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• 2023

The red-tongue viper(Gloydius ussuriensis) is one of only three species of the genus Gloydius found in South Korea. Gloydius ussuriensis has a narrow activity radius and is distributed nationwide, and this species was reported to have the largest population among the Korean species in genus Gloydius. Preliminary results of a phylogenetic analysis using part of the mitochondrial DNA indicated that domestic G. ussuriensis is not comprised of monophyletic groups, and morphological analysis showed differences between domestic populations. In this study, we developed 17 microsatellites for the analysis of G. ussuriensis genetic diversity based on these characteristics. These microsatellites were developed using six multiplex panels, which could be employed to validate 80 G. ussuriensis specimens from different geographical regions in South Korea. The average number of alleles per locus was 12.2 and ranged from 4 to 25 alleles; the observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.238 to 0.950 and the expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.213 to 0.933. As a result of assessing four inland populations, a high level of genetic diversity was confirmed. These newly developed markers will be useful for further studies on the population structure and evolutionary history of the G. ussuriensis.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.71-85
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• 2018

A recent topic of interest within ecology is ecosystem services that are importantly connected with biodiversity. Biodiversity is a fundamental component of ecological studies and has been the subject of many studies worldwide. However, studies on the diversity and distribution of freshwater fish were not undertaken in earnest until 2000, and the number of internationally available studies is therefore still limited. In this study, we used data from "The Survey and Evaluation of Aquatic Ecosystem Health (hereafter SEAEH)" within the framework of which whole water systems on the Korean peninsula are annually monitored to investigate and determine the current status of the diversity and distribution of freshwater fish, as well as to elucidate major factors impacting freshwater fish. A total of 130 species from 28 families were identified at around 953 sites in the SEAEH investigation of 2014. The species Zacco platypus (relative abundance: 28.2%) and Z. koreanus (19.3%) were identified as the most abundant species on the Korean peninsula, and besides these 20 endangered species, 51 endemic species and 4 exotic species were also collected. Highest (96 species) and lowest (72 species) diversity were identified in the Han River Watershed and the Yeongsan/Seomjin River Watershed, respectively. The mean endemic rate was 32.7%, which is higher than the previous rate determined in 1995. The exotic species Micropterus salmoides, Lepomis macrochirus and Carassius cuvieri were found in the whole river system except north Yeongdong, whereas Oreochromis niloticus occurred only at three sites due to the cold water temperatures in winter. Totally, 28 species were found to be translocated to different water systems not connected with known original habitats, most translocations occurring in the Nakdong River and the Yeongdong region. Among the translocated species, Opsariichthys uncirostris amurensis, and Erythroculter erythropterus were dominantly distributed in the mid- to lower reaches of Nakdong River where they may be harmful to the native fish assemblages due to their strong predation. The construction of weirs in connection with the "4 River Project" generated changes in fish assemblages before, during and after the project, resulting in altered habitat condition. Especially, a decrease in the number of endemic species and an increase in the abundance of lentic species were seen. Human-induced global warming will allow exotic species requiring high water temperatures to adapt to the environmental conditions of the Korean peninsula, which may enhance the diversity of native fishes and create changes in distribution. For the establishment of realistic and efficient management and protection strategies for Korean freshwater fish, SEAEH, which produces fundamental and quantitative data for Korean streams, is an important and necessary tool.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.121-128
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• 2012

Interactive space became one of the modern contemporary society design paradigms. For elevating the interactive effect, we need Interactive design development which uses the influential factors on the interactivity. Digital technology is resulted in a change to a society as well as to the life of human and its way of communication. This study is inquiry into the relations and the common characteristics between ecological architecture space and eco-centric environmental philosophy by making a comparative research. This aims to examine type of spatial contexts for performed through literature research for theory by interactive space and case studies for ecological construction elements to design. And the range of case study is limited to interaction space in addition of interactive elements and user interface. And analysis conclusion is show the many type. Five principles that draw at ecological design conceptualization process, whole unity, variety of organic at ecological design conceptualization process, circularity, homeostasis, allness, biological evolution, diversity have involved with concept that presents in ecological esthetics and organic property of ecology-system.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.235-239
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• 2014

The first zoea of Camptandrium sexdentatum is described for the first time with a digital image of live zoeas. An ovigerous crab of C. sexdentatum was collected at the muddy sand flat in Namhaedo Island on 2 June 2012 and hatched in the laboratory on 6 June 2012. In Camptandriidae, the first zoea of C. sexdentatum is distinguished from the first zoeas of Cleistostoma dilatatum and Deiratonotus cristatum by having no dorsal and lateral carapace spines, an abdomen significantly broadened posteriorly, and a subovoid telson without forks. Especially, the finding of a subovoid telson without forks is the first report in brachyuran zoeas.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.256-261
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• 2017

Eucephalobus oxyuroides (de Man, 1876) Steiner, 1936 belonging to the family Cephalobidae Filpijev, 1934 (Cephalobomorpha) is newly reported from South Korea. This species is distinguished from other Eucephalobus species by its pointed tail terminus, high lips and relatively longer female tail and body. From many previous studies, intraspecific variation in this species has been reported for body length, absence/presence of probolae, and number/position of papillae in the posterior region of male, posing an obstacle for identification and phylogenetic analysis. In this study, details of the morphological characters and morphometric of E. oxyuroides Korean population are described and illustrated based on optical microscopy.

• Journal of Species Research
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.551-565
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• 2016

This study aims to clarify the diversity of bryozoans which were collected from Seogwipo waters in Jeju Island, Korea. A total of 78 species has been reported from Seogwipo waters so far. In the present study, 63 species were found from nine sites of Seogwipo waters from 2008 to 2012, including six newly added species to the Korean bryozoan fauna and twelve species new to Seogwipo waters. As a result of this study, the bryozoans from Seogwipo waters were turned out to be 96 species, 64 genera, 42 families, three orders and two classes.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.253-257
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• 2016

The genus Aphelenchoides (Fischer, 1894) includes a diverse group of species, some of which are of economic importance. A. bicaudatus (Imamura, 1931) Filipjev and Schuurmans Stekhoven, 1941 is reported for the first time from South Korea, with a detailed redescription of the species. Specimens were collected from chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium) leaves and shoot tips in South Korea. The species was identified by morphological traits and molecular sequencing. A bifurcated tail distinguishes A. bicaudatus from its congeneric species. To confirm species identification, we determined the partial 18S ribosomal DNA sequence of the specimens and compared with those obtained from other Aphelenchoides species available on GenBank.