• International Journal of Contents
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.1-6
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• 2018

In a wireless mobile communication system, a pilot signal has been considered to be a necessary signal for estimating a changing channel between a base station and a terminal. All mobile communication systems developed so far have a specification for transmitting pilot signals. However, although the pilot signal transmission is easy to estimate the channel,(Ed: unclear wording: it is easy to use the pilot signal transmission to estimate the channel?) it should be minimized because it uses radio resources for data transmission. In this paper, we propose a pilotless channel estimation scheme (PCE) by introducing the clustering method of unsupervised learning used in our deep learning into channel estimation.(Ed: highlight- unclear) The PCE estimates the channel using only the data symbols without using the pilot signal at all. Also, to apply PCE to a real system, we evaluated the performance of PCE based on the resource block (RB), which is a resource allocation unit used in LTE. According to the results of this study, the PCE always provides a better mean square error (MSE) performance than the least square estimator using pilots, although it does not use the pilot signal at all. The MSE performance of the PCE is affected by the number of data symbols used and the frequency selectivity of the channel. In this paper, we provide simulation results considering various effects(Ed: unclear, clarify).

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.73-78
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• 2023

The cosmetics industry faces a significant challenge in addressing the decreased recycling rate of cosmetic containers due to the composite materials used to meet consumers' aesthetic satisfaction. To address thees issues, eco-friendly packaging solutions such as refill packaging and single-material use have been developed. However, the market for eco-friendly cosmetics packaging requires a product that meets consumers' demands for aesthetics, sensitivity, and eco-friendliness while also performing as well as existing products. This study presents a solution to the challenge of the decreased recycling rate of cosmetic containers by developing a new cosmetic packaging product for cream formulations. The product features an easily separable and dischargeable internal refill container, while maintaining the design aesthetics of the external container. Through various tests, the product was shown to be of equivalent quality and performance to existing cream cosmetic packaging, with no leakage or defects observed. Furthermore, the use of a single-material polypropylene refill container is expected to contribute to the improvement of the plastic recycling rate.

• Informatization Policy
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.22-44
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• 2015

With the growing interest being reflected in the FinTech industry, much attention has been paid to mobile easy payment services as well. In the era of mobile commerce, the core advantage of using mobile easy payment services(simplifying complex payment procedures and thus facilitating user convenience and reducing the chance of giving up payment) are being more emphasized. Mobile easy payment service market not only includes mobile easy payment service providers but also users, non-users, affiliates, banks, and credit card companies as main stakeholders. Exploring those stakeholders is thus important to thoroughly understand such market. However, extant literature on mobile easy payment services mostly focuses on examining adoption intention of users or non-users. This study, an exploratory research based on interviews, thus aims to extract driving as well as inhibiting factors of mobile easy payment service use from six different perspectives (i.e., social platform, bank, credit card company, affiliate, user, and non-user) and analyze a sequence of cause and effect for each factor. For this, the causal loop diagram was developed to deduce key issues and propose an alternative. Theoretical and practical implications of this study will also be discussed.

• The Journal of Korean Association of Computer Education
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.35-43
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• 2002

By entering the information society, the trend of increasing use of the cyber education to deliver high-Quality educational programs is likely to continue. For instance, supported by the government agencies, central officials training institute is expending vast amounts of money for the installation of cyber education programs. However, much of the research that has been done concerns the discrepancy between the potential and the actual use of technology in the field of education and training. The intent of this study was to identify the decision of the adoption of cyber education among national officials who had just peceived the existence the cyber education programs which would be used for their professional training and development, and to investigate the relationships between the Rogers' five attributes of innovation (relative advantage, compatibility, easy of use, observability, trialiability) and their decision of adoption. The results of the study generally concurred with Rogers diffusion of innovation theory revealing that perceived compatibility, easy of use, and observability of cyber education are significant predictors of decision to participate in cyber education.

• International Area Studies Review
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.203-226
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• 2008

This study was investigated the Influential Factors on Chinese Consumer's Usage Intention of Mobile Internet Service. The results of this study are as follows. First, Usefulness, Easy of Use, Subjective Norm, playfulness are positively related to Perceived value. Second, perceived risk is negatively related to Perceived value. Third, Perceived value is positively related to Intention of Mobile Internet Usage. Based on these results, managerial implications for Mobile internet service are discussed. Lastly, the limitation of this research and further research issues are suggested.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.740-744
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• 2003

Nowaday, a system development which does to the foundation is drawing the concern that new foundation technique for Web application development. Various terminal is a service supply is not easy. Because of the protocol to use differs for every each terminal, We must make a server program the each every protocol. A reservation system setup itself was not easy at the reason. Because of the importance of the field which is the mobile have been enlarged to a day, We have been raised in reality to the problem to solve. This facility which the technique supports in the paper to use, We can offer the service to server program. The design will try to implement about the reservation system besides.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.17 no.7
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• pp.71-79
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• 2012

Propose stream cipher Canon that need in Wireless sensor network construction that can secure confidentiality and integrity. Create Canon 128 bits streams key by 128 bits secret key and 128 bits IV, and makes 128 bits cipher text through whitening processing with produced streams key and 128 bits plaintext together. Canon for easy hardware implementation and software running fast algorithm consists only of simple logic operations. In particular, because it does not use S-boxes for non-linear operations, hardware implementation is very easy. Proposed stream cipher Canon shows fast speed test results performed better than AES, Salsa20, and gate number is small than Trivium. Canon purpose of the physical environment is very limited applications, mobile phones, wireless Internet environment, DRM (Digital Right Management), wireless sensor networks, RFID, and use software and hardware implementation easy 128 bits stream ciphers.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.155-172
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to examine factors affecting an individual's acceptance of mobile banking, which is a typical example of smartphone based self-service. We derive three personal traits(positive technology readiness, negative technology readiness and individual's expertise) as antecedent variables that affect intention to use mobile banking from previous studies, and adopt a technology readiness and acceptance model(TRAM) to investigate factors that determine an individual's intention to use mobile banking. TRAM, which integrates technology readiness index(TRI) into the technology acceptance model (TAM) in the context of consumer adoption of e-service systems, is adopted to examine personal traits influencing on the factors forming the attitude of mobile banking. The new findings of this study are as follows. First, individual's expertise and positive technology readiness(ptr) have significant effect on both perceived usefulness and perceived easy of use. However, negative technology readiness(ntr) has significant effect on only perceived easy of use.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.749-756
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• 2015

This study focused on smartphone adoption of foreign students who are studying in Korea in digital media era. Smartphone is not only new media but also social media. Based on former research, factor for smartphone adoption of foreign students will be analyzed. Based on TAM theory technological attribute, individual attribute and social attribute were taken out as independent variables. Perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness are applied as mediator variables. In conclusion, some hypotheses for example service quality and individual attribute are rejected as variables which influence positively to mediator variable perceived easy of use. For the next research more various variables and nationwide sampling will be needed.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.742-745
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• 2001

Plastics are one of difficult materials for recycling due to their characteristics in use. Recycling ratio of waste plastics was around 40% in last year in Japan, which includes energy recovery. Feed stock recycling and mechanical recycling are not easy because of additives in commercial plastics. Then, pyrolysis treatments have been done to recovery energy. Although plastics are easy to fire, complete combustion of them is not easy if anti-firing agents are added especially. Therefore, researches on pyrolysis or combustion behaviors of plastics containing additives are important from a view point recycling of plastics. Direct observation of popular plastics like polystyrene (PS), polycarbonate (PC), polyphenyle ether (PPE) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) to investigate their pyrolysis behaviors in the present study. In case of PS, melting and gas evolution started at 9$0^{\circ}C$ and 39$0^{\circ}C$ respectively. And combustion finished at 445$^{\circ}C$. On the other hand, more than $600^{\circ}C$ and sufficient oxygen are required for complete combustion of PC and PPE.