• Journal of Integrative Natural Science
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.121-129
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• 2011

The purpose of this paper is to estimate the fluctuation of an earning rate and risk management using the price index of Korea stocks. After an observation of conception of fluctuation, we can show volatility clustering and fluctuation phenomenon in the Korea stock price index using GARCH model with heteroscedasticity. In addition, the effects of fluctuation on the time-series was evaluated, which showed the heteroscedasticity. MCMC method and Winbugs as Bayesian computation were used for analysis.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.113-122
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• 2002

The marketing environment of recent security business has been changed as goods and service have been changed variously. Under this condition, the security corporations have been trying to have good relationship with customers and to have high gains as well. But the management of the customers in the bond marketing is not enough. Then, this paper suggests some methods to promote the CRM at bond brokerage in order to make profits in the security corporation. First, the customers will know the earning rate of the bond that they have and also they can analysis the difference selling the bond and keeping it until the due date. The developed bond management system analyzes customers' preference from questionaire which is responded by customers. It also can make customers actively sell and buy the bond through recommendations corresponding with customers' preference. Moreover, this paper suggests the video conference consulting system for close relationship with corporation and customers. We have tested this bond management system and we expect that this system activates the buying and selling of the bond that non-experts can easily invest bonds and the security corporations can increase profit.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.649-657
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• 2009

BTL projects, which has been 3 years since it was carried out in 2008, trigged the controversy on the adequacy in the calculation of disbursement for Government due to such problems as low earning rate and the burden of service level compared with the project suggestion. Thus, the purpose of this study is to offer a suggestion on the calculation system for the purpose of the standardized - expense appropriation by item and database including the antecedent study on the finance model and the feasibility in BTL projects. The system is composed of 4 steps - project management, basic database, an analysis on expense by item and the result, and an analysis on sensitivity, and it is possible to carry out a comparative analysis on single and multi alternatives by variable change along with the ground on expense calculation.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.490-495
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• 1999

In this paper, a method of improving the learning time and convergence rate is proposed to exploit the advantages of artificial neural networks and fuzzy theory to neuron structure. This method is applied to the XOR Problem, n bit parity problem which is used as the benchmark in neural network structure, and recognition of digit image in the vehicle plate image for practical image application. As a result of the experiments, it does not always guarantee the convergence. However, the network showed improved the teaming time and has the high convergence rate. The proposed network can be extended to an arbitrary layer Though a single layer structure Is considered, the proposed method has a capability of high speed 3earning even on large images.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.51-60
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• 2013

The purpose of this survey was to investigate the exercise injuries and its care methods of members in amateur tennis clubs. 176 questionnaires were surveyed from tennis players who were exercising at 6 tennis club ranges in J city, Korea. The interesting variables were parts, time slots, causes, treatments of injuries, which were analyzed based on the general and exercise characteristics of surveyees, a gender, an age, an exercise career, an exercise time, an occupation, an average earning. The results of this study were as follows: 1) In the results of analyses for the injury parts, the upper bodies injuries were more than lower body ones, the injury of back and lumbus had the highest rate among upper body injuries. In twenties, the number of injury had highest rate. 2) The main cause of injury was the carelessness of one's own. The most injury by the carelessness of one's own was a reason for a lack of warm-up. 3) The first emergency manager for the injury was mostly oneself.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.59-67
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• 2007

The cost of low-income groups's housing expenses have been weighting since 2000. To solve this problem, governments encourage supplying rental apartments for them. House rental supplement is most common things to solve housing problem in an advanced country but there is neither earning rate nor assessment standards in our country. Therefore, studies on house rental supplement are required to develop this systems. Hence in this study, we try to suggest both proper house rental charge to encourage nongovernmental construction and house rental supplement, considerng ability to pay.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.165-175
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• 2007

The mobile agent executes a given task by which the agent code moves to the server directly. Therefore, node migration method becomes an important factor which impact on the whole performance of distributed system. In this paper, we propose an adaptive migration path technique of mobile agent using the metadata of naming agent. In this proposed technique, node selection for migration depends on the content of referenced metadata, and the reliability of migrated information is determined by the metadata updating method and cooperative operations of individual agents in multi-agents system. For these, we design the metadata using by the number of hit documents, hit ratio, node processing time and network delay time, and describe the methods for creating, using and updating metadata for which determine the adaptive node migration path of mobile agent according to the cooperation of individual agents and number of hit documents using by designed metadata. And results of evaluated performance for proposed adaptive migration path technique through the proper experiment and analysis gain rate of high effective information earning, because of high hit ratio(72%) about of fathered documents by case of applying metadata move to the 13 nodes. But, in case of non-applying metadata is hit ratio(46%) of gathered documents and rate of effective information earning about of 26 nodes is 36.8%.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.431-439
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to analyze the apartment investment performance including the risk and to verify the presence or absence of regional characteristics. This study made an analysis on the apartment investment performance by dividing it into long and short-term basis. Data collection period is 10 years from 2002 to 2012 and target area includes Gangnam and Gangbuk (southern and northern area of Seoul) and 6 metropolitan cities. For evaluating the investment performance, this study used the earning rate of 5 year 1st class national housing bond as the risk-free rate of return and 1~2 year interest rate of fixed deposit for calculating lease profit. The results of study are as follows, Treynor's Index was used in long investment performance evaluation because of regional characters non-existing in Seoul and Incheon whereas Jensen's Index was used in evaluating because of regional characters existing in 5 metropolitan cities. And Jensen's Index was used in short-term evaluation of all districts as existing regional characters in all districts. Short-term performance considering regional characteristics yielded different results of simple evaluation. Therefore, in case of simple rate of return to evaluate the performance, the recognition of that can be distorted.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.115-129
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• 2021

Purpose - This study aimed to clarify the effects of tax investigation probability on accounting transparency in KOSDAQ firms by using financial statement. In particular, it was analyzed whether the characteristics of a firm's listed market have a discriminatory effect on the relationship between the tax investigation selection rate (or detection rate) and earnings management. Design/methodology/approach - This paper examines analyzed the effect of tax investigation of the National Tax Service on the earnings management. The sample includes 9,603 firms listed on KOSPI and KOSDAQ from 2011 to 2018, all of which are manufacturing firms. This study conducted correlation and multiple regression analyses to verify the relationship between tax investigation probability and earnings management. The possibility of a tax investigation is the selection rate and the detection rate, and the profit adjustment was estimated at discretionary amount. Findings - As a result of empirical analysis, both firms listed on KOSPI and KOSDAQ markets showed that the higher the tax investigation rates, the more significant the possibility of reducing the earnings management of discretionary accruals. Additionally it was found that in KOSDAQ markets firms, the tax investigation detection rates had a signigicant nagative effect on discretionary accruals. Research implications or Originality - It can be interpreted that firms with a high rates of receiving a tax investigation decrease earnings management consideration of expenses such as additional tax amount due to the tax audit or a decline in corporate image.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.41-52
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to examine how female labor force participation, family policies, and gender equality are related to fertility rate across countries. Multiple measures has been collected from various data sources(such as OECD, UNDP, and WVS) and the panel data set which includes (mostly) OECD countries range from 1990 to 2019 are analyzed. The major findings are as follows. First, based on OECD countries samples, female labor force participation is positively associated with the fertility rate, which implies that women's labor force participation does not lead to a reduction in fertility rate. Second, the length of paternity leave is positively associated with fertility rate whereas the direction is the opposite for the relationship between the length of maternity leave and fertility rate. This is attributed to the possibility that a longer period of maternity leave incurs the a higher opportunity cost of earning income, which leads to a reduced fertility rate. Third, countries with higher gender inequality index tend to have a higher fertility rate. Similarly, countries with higher gender equality value have a lower fertility rate. When the gender equality value is devideed into three sub-categories, education, politics, and employment, the gender equality value in education is the only sub-category which is negatively associated with the fertility rate. This study confirms that female labor force participation may not be a contributing factor in the lowering of fertility rate but instead can be positively associated with the fertility rate. Also, the results show that family policies or gender equality values can be significantly affect fertility rate.