• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2002년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.809-814
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• 2002

Recently, the properties of early-age concrete are increasingly important because these properties directly influence the behavior of early-age concrete structures including stress and cracking behavior. Nevertheless, the studies on early-age concrete are limited to strength and temperature development. The purpose of present study is to propose a simple and rational method which can predict the stress and strain behavior of young age concrete. A series of test have been done to measure the temperature development, strains and stresses in concrete members. The concept of equivalent age was used to define the degree of hydration and this degree of hydration was used to calculate the strength and elastic modulus. The critical degree of hydration and thermal expansion coefficient were calculated using experimental data. It is seen that the critical degree of hydration range from 0.05 to 0.11 based on the measuring method. The thermal expansion coefficient was calculated based on the measured non-mechanical strain and it is found that the coefficient decreases slightly with the increase of age. The consideration of critical degree of hydration in calculating stresses gives more accurate results. The present study provides useful method and data in evaluating early-age behavior of concrete structure.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2001년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.641-646
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• 2001

In early-age concrete, volumetric deformations due to thermal expansion and moisture transfer are restrained by various boundary conditions, and then restraint stresses occur in proportion to developed stiffness. With increase of the age, these stresses are gradually relieved by significant relaxation behavior of early-age concrete. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the stress relaxation in order to analyze the behavior of early-age concrete more accurately. In this paper, we propose a unified algorithm which combines a relaxation model with hydration model, heat conduction model, micropore structure formation model, moisture diffusion model and mechanical properties development model and develop a finite element program based on the algorithm. The program is applied to evaluate stress development if a temperature-stress test machine (TSTM) specimen and a massive concrete structure, and then validity of the program is discussed and evaluated.

• 한국전산구조공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산구조공학회 2001년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.10-17
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• 2001

With the introduction of durability examination into design code of concrete structure, a prediction of early-age behavior of concrete and its cracking resistance becomes very important. But, the early-age behaviors such as hydration, micro-structure development, moisture transport and mechanical properties development is quite complicated and coupled each other, and thus those can not be solved independently. One way to analyze those is to model their behaviors analytically and solve those computationally within a unified framework. In this paper, we propose a finite element technique to predict the early-age behaviors of concrete within the unified framework. The technique is applied to evaluatio of cracking in a massive concrete structure and then the analysis results are discussed.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.271-280
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• 2016

This study examined the mechanical properties and adiabatic temperature rise of low-heat concrete developed based on ternary blended cement using ASTM type IV (LHC) cement, ground fly ash (GFA) and limestone powder (LSP). To enhance reactivity of fly ash, especially at an early age, the grassy membrane was scratched through the additional vibrator milling process. The targeted 28-day strength of concrete was selected to be 42 MPa for application to high-strength mass concrete including nuclear plant structures. The concrete mixes prepared were cured under the isothermal conditions of $5^{\circ}C$, $20^{\circ}C$, and $40^{\circ}C$. Most concrete specimens gained a relatively high strength exceeding 10 MPa at an early age, achieving the targeted 28-day strength. All concrete specimens had higher moduli of elasticity and rupture than the predictions using ACI 318-11 equations, regardless of the curing temperature. The peak temperature rise and the ascending rate of the adiabatic temperature curve measured from the prepared concrete mixes were lower by 12% and 32%, respectively, in average than those of the control specimen made using 80% ordinary Portland cement and 20% conventional fly ash.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 1997년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.117-124
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• 1997

In this study, mechanical properties of type V cement concrete with different curing temperature were investigated. The tests for mechancial properties, i.e., compressive strength and modulus of elasticity, were carried out on two kinds of type V cement concrete mixes. concrete cylinders cured at 10, 23, 35 and 50℃ were tested at 1, 3, 7 and 8 days. The 'rate constant model' was used to described the combined effects of time and temperature on compressive strength development. Test results show that concrete subjected to high temperature at early age attains greater strength than concrete to low temperature but eventually attains lower later-age strength than that. With type V cement concrete, the linear and Arrhenius rate constant models both accurately describe the development of relative strength as afunction of the equivalent age.

• 한국전산구조공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산구조공학회 2003년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.251-258
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• 2003

The early -age behavior of base restrained reinforced concrete (RC) walls is analyzed using a three-dimensional finite element method in this study. After calculating the temperature and internal relative humidity variations of an RC wall, determination of stresses due to thermal gradients, differential drying shrinkage, and average drying shrinkage is followed, and the relative contribution of these three stress components to the total stress is compared. The mechanical properties of early-age concrete, determined from many experimental studies, are taken into consideration, and a discrete reinforcing steel derived using the equivalent nodal force concept is also used to simulate the cracking behavior of RC walls. In advance, to Predict the crack spacing and maximum crack width in a base restrained RC wall, an analytical model which can simulate the post-cracking behavior of an RC tension member is introduced on the basis of the energy equilibrium before and after cracking of concrete.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.68-77
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• 2020

본 논문은 전기로 산화 슬래그를 굵은 골재로 적용하여 제작된 콘크리트에 대하여 초기 재령 시기에 동결 피해를 받았을 때 발생하는 성능 저하에 대한 콘크리트의 역학적 특성과 공극 구조를 평가하고자 하였다. 본 연구에 따르면, 전기로 산화 슬래그 골재를 혼입한 콘크리트의 초기동결 피해가 발생할 경우, 100~150 ㎛ 영역에 존재하던 공극의 피크점이 큰 영역으로 이동하며, 24시간을 초과하지 않도록 해야 200 ㎛ 미만의 공극이 유지되고 500 ㎛ 이상의 공극이 증가하지 않으므로 동결 저항성 개선이 가능한 것으로 판단된다. 또한, 전기로 산화 슬래그와 BFS를 함께 사용하면, 천연골재를 사용한 경우에 비해 상대 압축강도가 증가하였다. 한편, 탄성계수 및 공명진동수의 경우, 압축강도와 비교하여 초기동결로 인해 크게 변화하지 않으므로, 초기동결 피해에 관한 성능 저하를 평가하기 위해서는 각 실험 요소간의 상호관계를 분석해야 할 필요가 있다.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2004년도 추계 학술발표회 제16권2호
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• pp.493-496
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• 2004

The change of creep deformation mechanism due to the persistent change of stress conditions requires the constitutive relation for the analysis of long tenn behaviors considering age dependent material properties of concrete. In the present research, the process of time dependent behaviors in structure is divided into two stages; the non-mechanical deforming level which causes creep and shrinkage deformations, and the mechanical deforming level which causes mechanical deformations by the restraints of non-mechanical deformations due to internal or external factors. The incremental constitutive relation is derived by expanding the total stress-strain relation on the present time, with respect to the reference time using the Taylor series, and the modulus of elasticity in early ages of concrete was defined thru this process.

• 한국건설순환자원학회논문집
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.93-100
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• 2019

본 연구에서는 전기로 산화슬래그 잔골재를 30%, 50% 치환하여 초기재령 콘크리트의 역학적 특성을 평가하였다. 굳지 않은 콘크리트에서 슬럼프, 공기량, 단위용적질량을 검토하였으며, 경화 콘크리트에서 압축강도와 촉진 염화물 침투 실험을 진행하였다. 전기로 산화슬래그 잔골재 혼입량이 증가함에 따라, 슬럼프 및 공기량이 감소하였으며, 이는 전기로 산화슬래그의 다량의 미립분 및 거친 표면으로 인한 것으로 사료된다. 또한, 압축강도 발현율을 검토한 결과, 재령 7일까지 최대 111% 증가하였지만, 재령 28일에서 약 90%까지 감소하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 전기로 산화슬래그 혼입 콘크리트의 초기재령에서의 촉진 염화물 침투 실험결과 OPC 콘크리트와 큰 차이가 나타나지 않음에 따라 콘크리트 대체 골재로 사용함에 있어 충분한 성능을 갖고 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• Advances in concrete construction
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.317-331
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• 2015

This paper presents the effect of different micro-silica (MS) contents of 5, 10 and 15 wt.% as partial replacement of cement on mechanical and durability properties of high volume fly ash - recycled aggregate concretes (HVFA-RAC) containing 50% class F fly ash (FA) and 35% recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) as partial replacement of cement and natural coarse aggregate (NCA), respectively. The measured mechanical and durability properties are compressive strength, indirect tensile strength, elastic modulus, drying shrinkage, water sorptivity and chloride permeability. The effects of different curing ages of 7, 28, 56 and 91 days on above properties are also considered in this study. The results show that the addition of MS up to 10% improved the early age (7 days) strength properties of HVFA-RAC, however, at later ages (e.g. 28-91 days) the above mechanical properties are improved for all MS contents. The 5% MS exhibited the best performance among all MS contents for all mechanical properties of HVFA-RAC. In the case of measured durability properties, mix results are obtained, where 10% and 5% MS exhibited the lowest sorptivity and drying shrinkage, respectively at all ages. However, in the case of chloride ion permeability a decreasing trend is observed with increase in MS contents and curing ages. Strong correlations of indirect tensile strength and modulus of elasticity with square root of compressive strength are also observed in HVFA-RAC. Nevertheless, it is established in this study that MS contributes to the sustainability of HVFA-RAC significantly by improving the mechanical and durability properties of concrete containing 50%less cement and 35% less natural coarse aggregates.