• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제15권12호
• /
• pp.4909-4913
• /
• 2014

Malignant ovarian germ cell tumors (MOGCT) are rare neoplasms that most frequently occur in women at a young reproductive age. There have been limited data regarding this disease from Southeast Asian countries. We therefore conducted a retrospective study to analyze the clinical characteristics and the treatment outcomes of MOGCT treated at our institute between January, 2003 and December, 2012. Seventy-six patients were recruited from this period with the mean age of 21.6 years and 11.8% were pre-puberty. The two most common symptoms were pelvic mass and pelvic pain. Two-thirds of the studied patients presented at an early stage. The most common histology was immature teratoma (34.2%) followed by endodermal sinus tumor (28.9%), dysgerminoma (25%), mixed type (10.5%) and choriocarcinoma (1.3%). Over 80% of these patients received fertility sparing surgery and about 70% received adjuvant chemotherapy with the complete response rate at 73.3% and partial response at 11.1%. The most frequent chemotherapy was BEP regimen (bleomycin, etoposide, cisplatin). With the mean follow up time at 56.0 months, 12 patients (15.8%) developed recurrence and only an advanced stage was the independent prognostic factor. The ten year progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival rate of our study were 81.9% and 86.2%, respectively. In conclusion, MOGCT often occurs at a young age. Treatment with fertility sparing operations and adjuvant chemotherapy with a BEP regimen showed a good outcome. An advanced stage is a significant prognostic factor for recurrence.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국정보통신학회 2013년도 춘계학술대회
• /
• pp.96-98
• /
• 2013

본 연구는 역대 CES에 출품된 디지털 TV의 특성을 기술의 수요곡선과 대체곡선의 관점에서 분류하여 살펴봄으로써 스마트 환경으로 진화하는 차세대 멀티미디어에 대한 예측을 제공하고자 하였다. 분석결과 초기 디지털 TV의 형태에서 기기 간 연결성(connected)을 키워드로 하는 2013년 등장한 스마트 형 디지털 TV에 이르기까지 디지털 TV는 기술 수요 곡선을 따라 진화를 거듭해왔으며, 현재 상품으로서의 수명주기의 성숙기에 이르는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 2013년 출품된 디지털 TV는 TV라는 단일 제품의 범위를 넘어서 다기능 멀티미디어 환경을 지원, 곡선형 또는 flexible 디스플레이 형태로 이미 과거의 디지털 TV의 기술 수요곡선을 넘어서 대체곡선의 도입기에 이르고 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of Genetic Medicine
• /
• 제13권1호
• /
• pp.41-45
• /
• 2016

Marfan syndrome (MFS) is an inherited connective tissue disorder with a mutation in the fibrillin-1 (FBN1) gene. Fibrillin is a major building block of microfibrils, which constitute the structural component of the connective tissues. A 10-year-old girl visited our hospital with the chief complaint of precocious puberty. According to her medical history, she had a pulmonary wedge resection for a pneumothorax at 9 years of age. There was no family history of MFS. Mid parental height was 161.5 cm. The patient's height was 162 cm (>97th percentile), and her weight was 40 kg (75th-90th percentile). At the time of initial presentation, her bone age was approximately 11 years. From the ophthalmologic examination, there were no abnormal findings except myopia. There was no wrist sign. At the age of 14 years, she revisited the hospital with the chief complaint of scoliosis. Her height and weight were 170 cm and 50 kg, respectively, and she had arachnodactyly and wrist sign. We performed an echocardiograph and a test for the FBN1 gene mutation with direct sequencing of 65 coding exons, suspecting MFS. There were no cardiac abnormalities including mitral valve prolapse. A cytosine residue deletion in exon 7 (c.660delC) was detected. This is a novel mutation causing a frameshift in protein synthesis and predicted to create a premature stop codon. We report the case of a patient with MFS with a novel FBN1 gene missense mutation and a history of pneumothorax at a young age without cardiac abnormalities during her teenage years.

• 대한수의학회지
• /
• 제40권2호
• /
• pp.229-236
• /
• 2000

The synthesis of steroid hormone starts from cholesterol. Steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) acutely transfers cholesterol from the outer mitochondrial membrane to the inner in the early step of steroidogenesis. Many kinds of steroid hormone are mainly synthesized in adrenal grand, ovary, and testis. Among the steroid hormone, testosterone is synthesized in Leydig cells of the testis, the production of testosterone significantly increases in adult testis after puberty onset. Therefore, we think that the expression of StAR mRNA in testis will change according to the testicular development. The aim of this study is to determine the distribution of StAR mRNA in immature and adult rat testes and to confirm the functions of StAR in these testes. Thus, in situ hybridization was used in rat testes of the 2, 4, and 10 weeks of age. StAR mRNA was expressed in Leydig cells. Positive signals of StAR mRNA were weakly detected in Leydig cells of the 2 weeks of age. But, StAR mRNA was strongly expressed in Leydig cells of the 4 and 10 weeks of age, where steroidogenesis actively occur. In our results, the pattern of StAR mRNA expression was similar to the pattern of testosterone production in immature and adult rat testes. In conclusion, we can suggest that StAR acts as an important factor to regulate the synthesis of testosterone in Leydig cells of the rat testis.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• 제53권9호
• /
• pp.845-851
• /
• 2010

Purpose: Recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) has been widely used to treat short stature. However, there are some concerns that growth hormone treatment may induce skeletal maturation and early onset of puberty. In this study, we investigated whether rhGH can directly affect the neuronal activities of of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). Methods: We performed brain slice gramicidin-perforated current clamp recording to examine the direct membrane effects of rhGH on GnRH neurons, and a whole-cell voltage-clamp recording to examine the effects of rhGH on spontaneous postsynaptic events and holding currents in immature (postnatal days 13-21) and adult (postnatal days 42-73) mice. Results: In immature mice, all 5 GnRH neurons recorded in gramicidin-perforated current clamp mode showed no membrane potential changes on application of rhGH (0.4, $1{\mu}g/mL$). In adult GnRH neurons, 7 (78%) of 9 neurons tested showed no response to rhGH ($0.2-1{\mu}g/mL$) and 2 neurons showed slight depolarization. In 9 (90%) of 10 immature neurons tested, rhGH did not induce any membrane holding current changes or spontaneous postsynaptic currents (sPSCs). There was no change in sPSCs and holding current in 4 of 5 adult GnRH neurons. Conclusion: These findings demonstrate that rhGH does not directly affect the GnRH neuronal activities in our experimental model.

• 대한간호학회지
• /
• 제29권1호
• /
• pp.150-160
• /
• 1999

Background and purpose : Drug abuse is one of the most serious problems among the Korean adolescents today and has been associated with delinquent behavior in adolescents. The number of adolescents who abuse drugs is increasing yearly. Solutions to the problem, however, have not been well developed. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of a drug use prevention program which was developed by researchers. The program was a modified DARE(Drug Abuse Resistance Education) program for Korean adolescents. Methods: This study used an experimental, one-group pretest-posttest design with a convenience sample of 122 middle school students who were at one middle school located in Seoul. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire where ‘knowledge and attitude about drug use’, ‘social skill’, and ‘self-esteem’ were measured. The program had 12 sessions to improve knowledge and attitudes towards drugs, decision making skills, social resistance skills, management of stress and self-esteem of students. Teaching strategies for each session were varied lectures, group discussion. role-playing, question-and-answer sessions and audiovisual materials. Paired t-test was used to analyze the differences between the pre- and post-test scores on knowledge of and attitudes towards drug use, social skills, and self-esteem. Results : There were significant differences in knowledge and attitudes about drug use between pretest and post-test (p＜.05), but no significant differences in social skill and self-esteem(p＞.05). Conclusion: Our results showed that the drug use prevention program was not effective in promoting social-skill and self-esteem of Korean adolescents. These findings might be due to the respondents being in the period of early adolescence (puberty) and not being good at group discussion. So, further study is needed to develop a drug use prevention program appropriate to students 9 and 10 years old, and to encourge small group discussion.

• 여성건강간호학회지
• /
• 제25권4호
• /
• pp.434-445
• /
• 2019

Purpose: This study was conducted to examine the relationship between a mother's diagnosis of cervical cancer and attitudes toward cervical cancer prevention in their daughters. Their intention to recommend human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination for their daughters, their confidence in 8 methods for cervical cancer prevention with their daughters, and their negative emotions about the assumption of their daughter's HPV infection. Methods: This study was a secondary analysis of data from the study of maternal health beliefs about preventing cervical cancer. The study sample were women who reported whether ever diagnosed with cervical cancer, who had pubertal daughters (n=1,578). Data were analyzed by cross-tabulation analysis, Spearman's rank correlation analysis, and logistic regression. Results: Mothers diagnosed with cervical cancer were more confident in using methods to prevent cervical cancer in their daughters (Z=-4.42, p<.001) and were more likely to feel negative emotions about the assumption of their daughters' HPV infection (Z=-2.44, p=.015) than mothers who were not diagnosed. Significant factors influencing their intention to recommend the HPV vaccination to their daughters were the mother's confidence in preventing cervical cancer in their daughters (odds ratio [OR], 1.003; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.002-1.004) and their negative emotions about the assumption of their daughters' HPV infection (OR,1.016; 95% CI, 1.004-1.028). Conclusion: For the early prevention of cervical cancer in pubertal daughters, the education of their mothers should include interventions to increase confidence in preventing cervical cancer in their daughters and sensitivity of HPV infection toward daughters.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
• /
• 제32권4호
• /
• pp.51-62
• /
• 2018

Objectives The purpose of this study is to analyze the characteristic of pediatric patients who visited oriental medical hospital for growth treatment. Methods The study was conducted with 130 pediatric patients who visited ${\bigcirc}{\bigcirc}$ Korean medicine hospital from January 2016 to August 2017. The patient's data was classified by sex, age, pattern identification and diseases. The classified data was analyzed to find the correlations and characteristics among variables. Results There were 50.8% of boys and 49.2% of girls. 6.2% of the total patients were in 'early childhood', 50.8% were in 'late childhood' and 43.1% were in 'puberty' stage. In terms of pattern identification, 44.6% of the total patients were 'Spleen-lung Qi Deficiency', 53.8% were 'Lung-kidney Yin Deficiency' and 1.5% were 'Weakness of Heart and gallbladder'. 44.3% of the patients had various diseases including rhinitis (77.6% of 120.7%). Height percentile of the children with using the Growth chart of 2017 was lower than using the Growth chart of 2007. Predicted height based on the child's bone-age were higher than the predicted height based on the parental height, although both of the precited factors were correlated to the current child's height. Conclusions This study showed the characteristic of the pediatric patients who visited oriental medical hospital for growth treatment. It helps to determine prognosis and treatment, and to explain treatment measures.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• 제52권12호
• /
• pp.1370-1376
• /
• 2009

목 적:성선자극호르몬 효능약제로 성조숙증을 치료하는 동안에 성선자극호르몬이 억제되고 성선 스테로이드가 감소되면 사춘기 발달동안의 골량에 좋지 않은 영향을 미칠 수가 있어, 성조숙증 혹은 조기 성성숙이 있는 여아에서 성선자극호르몬 효능약제 단독 혹은 성장호르몬과 같이 사용하여 치료하는 경우에 단기간 동안의 골밀도의 변화가 어떠한지를 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법:성장클리닉을 방문한 여아들 중 특발성 성조숙증 혹은 조기 성성숙을 보이며 역연령에 비하여 골연령이 증가되어 있는 여아 40명(역연령 $9.0{\pm}1.5$세, 골연령 $11.6{\pm}1.3$년)을 대상으로, 26명은 성선자극호르몬 효능약제 단독으로 치료하였고(Group I), 14명은 성장호르몬과 병합요법(Group II)으로 치료하였다. 치료 전후에 골연령과 골밀도를 구하고, 역연령과 골연령에 대한 골밀도를 비교하였다. 결 과:전체 환아에서 치료 전후에 역연령으로 비교한 골밀도는 정상범위에 있었으나, 골연령으로 비교해 보면 정상범위에 비하여 감소되어 있었다(P<0.05). 치료기간 동안의 골밀도의 표준편차점수는 역연령 기준으로는 변화가 없었으나, 골연령 기준으로는 의미 있는 증가를 보였다(P<0.05). 치료 전후에 성선자극호르몬 효능약제 단독 치료군의 골밀도 표준편차점수는 역연령 혹은 골연령 기준으로 변화가 없었으나, 성장호르몬 병합 치료군의 골밀도 표준편차점수는 역연령 기준에는 변화가 없었으나 골연령 기준으로는 의미 있는 증가를 보였다(P<0.05). 결 론:성선자극호르몬 방출호르몬 효능약제를 사용하는 동안 역연령에 따른 골밀도의 저하는 관찰되지 않았으나, 골연령에 따른 골밀도의 저하는 관찰되어, 투약 중단 후 성선 기능이 회복되면 골밀도의 정상화의 가능성에 대한 추적 관찰이 필요하겠다. 한편으로는 성장호르몬을 같이 치료한 경우에는 치료 경과 중 골밀도의 의미 있는 증가를 볼 수 있어 성선자극호르몬 효능약제를 사용할 때 고려해야 할 사항으로 보인다.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
• /
• 제13권1호
• /
• pp.15-23
• /
• 2002

소아기 외상이 아동의 발달에 미치는 부정적인 결과를 예방하는 resilience factor와 부정적인 결과를 더욱 증폭시키는 위험인자에 대한 지식은 이 분야의 전향적인 연구의 부재와 소아기 외상과 발달과정, 아동의 환경 등 다양한 측면들의 유기적인 관계에 대한 이해의 어려움으로 아직은 초보적인 단계이다. 이러한 소아기 외상의 연구에서의 개념적, 연구 방법론적인 어려움은 현재까지 발표된 연구들의 결과가 일관적이지 못하고 때로는 상반적이기도 한 면으로 나타나기도 한다. 이러한 어려움에도 불구하고 지금까지 발표된 연구들을 종합하여 보면 몇 가지 중요한 공통적인 결론을 도출할 수가 있다. 즉 사춘기 전에는 여아가, 사춘기 후나 영아에서는 남아가, 사회경제적 지위가 높은 가정의 아동, 기질적인 문제가 없는 경우, 쉬운 기질, 조기 이별이나 상실의 경험이 없는 경우, 외상을 받은 시기가 어릴수록, 문제 해결능력이 좋은 경우, 높은 자존감, internal locus of control, 우수한 대처 능력, 대인 관계를 인지 할 수 있는 능력, 놀이를 할 수 있는 능력, 유머 감각이 있는 경우, 유능한 부모를 가지고 있거나 혹은 적어도 한명의 보호자와 따뜻한 관계를 맺고 있을 때, 교육 정도가 높거나 조직적인 종교 활동에 참여 하고 있는 아동들은 외상을 경험하였을 때 외상의 부정적인 결과에 대하여 resilient하게 된다. 이러한 결과는 아동기 외상의 위험 및 보호인자가 서로 독립되어 있기 보다는 상호작용을 하는 유기적인 관계이며, 각 요소가 아동의 발달 단계, 아동 자신 및 그들의 가족과 환경에 따라 다양하게 작용하고, stressor의 영향은 그 강도에 따라 다양한 작용을 보이며 일부 위험요소와 보호요소는 상대방의 효과를 상승시키거나 감소시키는 등 복잡한 상호 관계를 보이는 것을 시사한다. 앞으로 소아기 외상과 발달 정신병리와의 관계, 위험 및 보호인자에 대한 포괄적인 이해 및 이를 바탕으로 효과적이며 효율적인 예방 및 치료적인 개입이 가능해지기 위해서는 stress가 정상적인 신경발달에 미치는 영향, 유전적인 소인과 부모의 요인과 같은 개개인의 소인에 대한 차이점, 신경조절의 resilience 연구, 소아기 외상의 예방과 뇌의 plasticity에 관한 연구가 같이 진행되어야 할 것이다.