• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.65-88
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• 2008

To achieve the age of 30,000 dollars GNP, The business with speed will hold a more crucial point than the business with scale, and the mass consumption market will be transformed and changed into the niche market. Moreover, it will not be easy for the company without the peculiar and creative technology to survive in the severe competition. Under these circumstances, The innovative company which knows how to use this new paradigm will select the better position in the changing market. Innovation type SMEs are contributing in maintaining the international competitiveness of domestic economy by serving high-tech and the promotion of employment. Also, Innovation type SMEs have the most important economic leverage in our domestic economy. It's a source of the growth in domestic economy. Therefore, A lot of countries have been trying to support innovation type SMEs (with a small capital and high-tech). And many countries also try to protect and promote the innovation type SMEs. Especially the Korean government is also promoting innovation type SMEs in many ways, because the future of innovation type SMEs are not bright. This study explored the three innovative SEMs and studied 1) entrepreneur characteristics, 2) the industry environment, 3) competitive strategies, and 4) resources and capabilities of organization, which have been considered as the success factors for entrepreneurial firms. This study also holds that the characteristics of entrepreneurs is one of the most important factor to impact the success of innovative SMEs. Most of entrepreneurs have started their business with high education career and field experiences and have high intentions in developing new/high techonologies, challenging spirits, and clear vision and goals. The innovative SMEs with small kinds of products and services, narrow market, and small resources are more sensitively impacted by the environment especially. But the SMEs which entered into market early could have the comparative excellencies in their market to survive and grow in the future. They also have competitive advantages in the market using differentiation strategies by technology innovation. Technology innovation and differention strategies are one of the success factors in SMEs, They entered into the niche market using this weapons. The capabilities of changing organization to their changing environment, the open orgarnization culture, the continuous employment education, and the building the organic organization are also success factors of innovative SMEs. The SMEs with the simple organization structure can make fast decisions and operate with the autonomous and flexible ways. These only three cases will not shown successful factors of over 12,000 Innovation type SMEs in Korea and this study of Innovation type SMEs is insufficient from all aspects. But this study have many implications for the future research and the entrepreneurs ready for their business.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.482-491
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• 2004

Background: The xenogenic or allogenic valves after in Vitro repopulation with autologous cells or in vivo repo-pulation after acellularization treatment to remove the antigenicity could used as an alternative to synthetic polymer scaffold. In the present study, we evaluated the process of repopulation by recipient cell to the acellu-larized xenograft treated with NaCl-SDS solution and grafted in the right ventricular outflow tract. Material and Method: Porcine pulmonary valved conduit were treated with. NaCl-SDS solution to make the grafts acellularized and implanted in the right ventricular outflow tract of the goats under cardiopulmonary bypass. After evaluating the functions of pulmonary valves by echocardiography, goats were sacrificed at 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months after implantation, respectively. After retrieving the implanted valved conduits, histopathologic examination with Hematoxylin-Eosin, Masson' trichrome staining and immunohistochemical staining was performed. Result: Among the six goats, which had been implanted with acellularized pulmonary valved conduits, five survived the expected time period. Echocardiographic examinations for pulmonary valves revealed good function except mild regurgitation and stenosis. Microscopic analysis of the leaflets showed progressive cellular in-growth, composed of fibroblasts, myofibroblasts, and endothelial cells, into the acellularized leaflets over time. Severe inflammatory respon-se was detected in early phase, though it gradually decreased afterwards. The extracellular matrices were regenerated by repopulated cells on the recellularized portion of the acellularized leaflet. Conclusion: The acellularized xenogenic pulmonary valved conuits were repopulated with fibroblasts, myofibroblasts, and endothelial cells of the recipient and extracellullar matrices were regenerated by repopulted cells 12 months after the implantation. The functional integrity of pulmonary valves was well preserved. This study showed that the acellularized porcine xenogenic valved conduits could be used as an ideal valve prosthesis with long term durability.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.145-156
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• 1996

The effects of priming with different polyethylene glycol (PEG 6, 000) solutions on the germination, emergence characteristics and early plant growth in rice, barley and wheat were investigated. Rice, barley and wheat seeds were subjected to various priming conditions of osmotic potentials (-0. 75, -1.00 and -1.50 MPa) of PEG, and incubation period were 5 days at 25, 20, 2$0^{\circ}C$, respectively. The percentage of water absorption was highest in barely, and lowest in rice, and all the treatments enhanced water absorption in barley, but showed no significant effects in rice and wheat. Respiration quotient was lower than none PEG treatment seeds, and those of barley and wheat were higher than rice regardless of PEG concentration, and that of rice increased with high PEG concentration. Total germination percentage of osmoconditioning seeds with PEG was higher than that of none treatment seed, and those of barley and wheat were significant. The artificially deteriorated seeds with PEG treatment seeds after ageing treatment could recover to nearly the same germination level as that of the control seeds. The effects of coating polymer were higher than osmoconditioning with PEG, and germination characteristics in rice showed varietal difference at PVP and waterlock at recoated seeds after PEG treatment. Osmoconditioning with PEG reduced mean germination and emergence time, but there was no difference among PEG concentrations. The plant height of PEG treaed seed in rice was taller and those of barely and wheat showed varietal difference, and those of polymer-coated seed after PEG treatment were different among the polymers. The dry weight of PEG treatment were different among the crops, and those were increased with the high PEG concentration. The emergence percentage of PEG-treated seed were higher than none-treated seed, and those were decreased with the increased PEG concentration, and the highest emergence percentage of rice, barley and wheat were 90, 50 and 50% soil moisture content, respectively. The time to emergence in rice was longer than barley and wheat, and those in rice was shortened in high soil moisture content, and barley and wheat were shortened in low soil moisture content.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.56 no.4
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• pp.385-393
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• 2011

Soybean is the most promising crop for substituting rice on the paddy field. Excessive water stress is a common limiting factor in soybean yield under paddy soil condition. This study was carried out to identify changes in leaf total nitrogen and petiole ureide content under excess water conditions for establishing a screening system related to waterlogging tolerance. Waterlogging treatment was conducted by maintaining the water level on the soil surface for 10 days at the early vegetative growth stage ($V_5$) and the flowering stage ($R_2$). Leaf total nitrogen content, SPAD value and ureide content in petiole decreased in all soybean varieties in response to waterlogging, but the degree of decrease was much lesser in Pungsannamulkong and Muhankong than in Jangyeobkong and Myungjunamulkong, at 21 days after waterlogging treatment. This result means that root and nodule recovery rates were much higher in Pungsannamulkong and Muhankong than in Jangyeobkong and Myungjunamulkong after waterlogging treatment. The ureide and leaf nitrogen content showed high positive correlation with SPAD value, regardless of waterlogged stages. In conclusion, leaf nitrogen content, ureide content in petiole and leaf greenness were identified as promising indicator for screening soybeans which are tolerant of excess water.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.31-39
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• 1987

This study has been investigated the effect of Ganordema lucidum extract on Saccharomyces cerevisiae growth and physiology. Sacch. cerevisiae was inoculated in Hayduck solution medium which were added 0, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0% extracts of G. lucidum and fermented at $30^{\circ}C$ for 5 days respectively. Some results about cell number, alcohol content and carbon dioxide products during fermentation are as follows: $CO_2$ evolution of yeasts by addition of extract of G. lucidum was more increased than control after the fermentation for 120 hours. It was the most abundant by addition of 1.0% extract of pot-culture G. lucidum. The cell number of yeasts during the fermentation w as more increased than control by addition of extract of G. lucidum. It was by addition of extract of pot-culture G. lucidum that the cell number of yeasts was more increased than by each addition of extract of wood-culture G. lucidum and G. lucidum. Dry weight of yeasts was systematically increased in addition of extract of pot 0.5%>pot 1.0%>wild 1.0%>wood 1.0%=wood 0.5%>wild 0.5%>wild 0.1%>pot 0.1%>wood 0.1%>control in order. It was by addition of extract of pot-culture G. lucidum that. the dry weight of yeasts was more increased than by addition of woodculture G. lucidum and wild G. lucidum. Alcohol quantity by addition of extract of G. lucidum was increased more than 3 times after the fermentation for 72 hours compared with control but there was no any difference among them after the fermentation for 120 hours. The rate of sugar-consumption and fermentation of yeast by addition of extract of G. lucidum was highly increased during the early fermentation. As times went, there was no difference among them during the subsequent fermentation.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.125-130
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• 2005

This study was conducted from March 16 to July 6 in 2004 at Jeju Island to investigate the influences of sowing dates(on March 16, March 26, April 5, April 15 and April 25) on creeping bentgrass vegetation. The result obtained were summarized as follows; Plant height was 22.7 cm at March 16 planting. It was longest but after that planting, plant height gradually shorted. Then it was shortest at April 25 planting(16.6 cm). Root length and Minolta SPAD-502 chlorophyll reading value were directly proportional plant height response. Leave and root weight were greatest at March 16 planting. It were 1,373 kg /10a and 2,374 kg /10a, respectively. These weight decreased gradually as planting was delayed from March 16 to April 25. Degree land cover and density of creeping bentgrass were $98.0\%$ and $99.3\%$, respectively, at March 16. After that planting they were decreased ($97.5\%$, $98.7\%$). But degree land cover and density of weed tended to increased gradually as the planting was delayed. The number of weed species were increased from March 16 to April 25. It showed increase that Poa annua, Stellaria media and Chenopodium album var. centrorubrum(at March 16 planting), Poa annua, Digitaria adscendens and Chenopodium album var. centrorubrum(at March 26 planting), Digitaria adscendens, Chenepodium album var. centrorubrum and Stellaria media(at April 5 planting), Digitaria adscendens, Stellaria media and Chenopodium album var. centrorubrum(at April 15 planting), Digitaria adscendens, Polygonum hydropiper, Chenopodium album var. centrorubrum(at April 25 planting). Based on the these findings, optimum sowing date for growth of creeping bentgrass seems to be about early seeding in atmospheric phenomena and volcanic ash soils of Jeju island.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.113-120
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• 2006

This study was conducted to select the optimum seed mixture for beef cattle (Hanwoo) grazing in middle mountain area at 450m from sea level during 2 years from October 1, 1999. Seed mixtures were composed of four different treatment according to main species such as orchardgrass (T1), perennial ryegrass (T2), timothy (T3) and Italian ryegrass (T4). Grass composition rate of different seed mixtures was decreased mostly at first year of grazing, like 44.9% of orchardgrass in T1 plot, 27.6% of perennial ryegrass in T2 plot, 40.9% of timothy in T3 plot and 40.7% of Italian ryegrass in T4 plot, respectively. Main species in seed mixture were decreased in grazing pasture, but kentucky bluegrass and tall fescue were increased in all plots. Italian ryegrass in T4 plot was well grown in early grown stage and inhibited the growth of other grass species, and 44.2% of Italian ryegrass was maintained in second year in the grazing plot. Average dry matter yields of first you showed 6,673 kg/ha and second year was 10,177 kg/ha. Average TDN yields of different seed mixtures were 6,399 kg/ha in T1, 7,769 kg/ha in T2, 4,383 kg/ha in T3 and 7,146 kg/ha in T4 plot. Average herbage dry matter intakes by different seed mixtures during 2 years were 5,937 kg/ha in T1, 6,375 kg/ha in T2, 4,925 kg/ha in T3 and 6,456 kg/ha in T4. This result indicated that perennial ryegrass would recommended in main species of Hanwoo grazing pasture.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.645-650
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• 2011

Pear cultivar 'Supergold' (Pyrus pyrifolia var. culta Nakai) was originated from the cross between 'Chuwhangbae' and 'Manpungbae' with the aims of improving the fruit quality of 'Chuwhangbae' cultivar at Pear Research Station of National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration in 1994. 'Supergold' was preliminarily selected in 2002 and named in 2008. The tree shows a vigorous growth habit and semi-spread characters like as 'Manpungbae'. Furthermore, it has sufficient flowers and carries abundant pollen grains, so it can also be used as a pollinator. 'Supergold' is highly resistant to black leaf spot (Alternaria kikuchiana) in the field condition. The optimum harvest time is around Sep. 11th, which is ahead of 'Whangkeumbae' about 5 days in the harvest period. The fruit shape is oblate and fruit skin color is greenish-white at harvesting time. The average weight of fruit is 570 g, and the soluble solids content is $13.6\;^{\circ}Brix$. The flesh is very soft and juicy, and renders good eating quality. Shelf life is about 6 months under the cold storage condition. To determine the self-incompatibility (SI) genotype of 'Supergold' pear cultivar, it was crossed with other cultivars of which SI genotypes have already known. The result of cross-pollinations of 'Supergold' with other cultivars showed relatively high rates of fruit set from 64.5% to 91.0%, except for the cross with pollens of 'Nijisseiki' that represented only 28.8% of fruiting rate. Although sometimes the stigma of 'Supergold' crossed with 'Hayatama', 'Chojuro', and 'Nijisseiki' showed malformed pollen tube tips, 'Supergold' is generally supposed to have cross-compatibility with all other pollen donor cultivars. It is considered that the S-allele of 'Supergold' is $S_3S_4$, which is based on the result of PCR-RFLP.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.48 no.7
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• pp.731-736
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• 2005

Purpose : Acute pyogenic osteomyelitis is uncommon in children. Delayed diagnosis and inappropriate treatment are leading to growth failure and deformation. We review the clinical manifestations and treatment of acute osteomyelitis in children according to age. Methods : A retrospective analysis was made of 32 patients who underwent antibiotic management or operation between Aug 1989 and Dec 2003 for acute pyogenic osteomyelitis in age from 0 to 15 years old. Results : The study group was composed of 21 boys and 11 girls. The subjects were divided into four groups according to age : 0-1 yr(n=6), 1-5 yr(n=11), 6-10 yr(n=8), and 11-15 yr(n=7). Nineteen cases were diagnosed in Winter. Femur was the most common infected site(37.5%). There were no predisposing factor in 17 patients, and 7 of 15 patients had trauma history. Sepsis was important predisposing factor in neonates. The chief complaints were pain, swelling and fever. S. aureus(61%) is the most common organism. Twenty-nine patients were treated with operation and concomitant antibiotics. Two cases had sequelae in follow-up period : One is avascular necrosis of femur and the other is discrepancy of leg length. Conclusion : In our review, because of poor prognosis in septic neonates, we recommend to treat actively neonatal sepsis and prevent or detect osteomyelitis early. Because most of patients were diagnosed and treated in orthopedic surgery, the rate of operation was too high. So, protocol for further evaluation and management of acute osteomyelitis in pediatric patients were needed.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.40 no.8
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• pp.736-744
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• 2007

Leptin, as an adipocyte-derived hormone, is an important regulator of food intake and energy expenditure. In the cross-sectional study, leptin was shown to be positively related to body adiposity and metabolic disorders in adults. However, there were very few studies which reported the leptin as a predictor of weight gain over time. We examined whether serum leptin can be used as an indicator of the present and 1-year past weight status in very young children. First grade students from elementary schools in Gwacheon City were enrolled in the study since 2005. The study subjects(total 375 students; 195 boys and 180 girls) participated in the investigation of both 2005 and 2006. Physical examinations including height, weight, waist circumference were done. To examine the prevalence of obesity, obesity index was used. Serum leptin was measured, and their nutritional status was also evaluated based on 3-Day dietary records. Serum leptin levels were strongly positively related with the value of the present BMI and with the value of the BMI one year before. We found no association with leptin levels and amount of energy intake and macronutrient intake in this children population. Children were divided into three groups according to leptin tertiles. The highest leptin tertile group showed highest prevalence of obesity in year 2006 as well as in year 2005. Serum leptin levels can reflect the weight status now and as well as 1-year before. Possibly serum leptin levels can predict the weight gain of year later. Without an action against the obesity on children with high leptin level, those children would maintain the excess adiposity growth and progress into the obesity-related metabolic disorders. Further studies are needed to predict the obesity as early as possible and preventive system then after.