• 한국지구물리탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지구물리탐사학회 2009년도 특별 심포지엄
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• pp.57-65
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• 2009

Selection of good mineralized area is a combination of the integration of all the available geo-scientific (i.e., geological, geochemical, and geophysical) information, extrapolation of likely features from known mineralized terrenes and the ability to be predictive. The time-space relationships of the hydrothermal deposits in the East Asia are closely related to the changing plate motions. Also, two distinctive hydrothermal systems during Mesozoic occurred in Korea: the Jurassic/Early Cretaceous deep-level ones during the Daebo orogeny and the Late Cretaceous/Tertiary shallow geothermal ones during the Bulguksa event. Both the Mesozoic geothermal system and the mineralization document a close spatial and temporal relationship with syn- to post-tectonic magmatism. The Jurassic mineral deposits were formed at the relatively high temperature and deep-crustal level from the mineralizing fluids characterized by the relatively homogeneous and similar ranges of ${\delta}^{18}O$ values, suggesting that ore-forming fluids were principally derived from spatially associated Jurassic granitoid and related pegmatite. Most of the Jurassic auriferous deposits (ca. 165-145 Ma) show fluid characteristics typical of an orogenic-type gold deposits, and were probably generated in a compressional to transpressional regime caused by an orthogonal to oblique convergence of the Izanagi Plate into the East Asian continental margin. On the other hand, Late Cretaceous ferroalloy, base-metal and precious-metal deposits in the Taebaeksan, Okcheon and Gyeongsang basins occurred as vein, replacement, breccia-pipe, porphyry-style and skarn deposits. Diverse mineralization styles represent a spatial and temporal distinction between the proximal environment of sub-volcanic activity and the distal to transitional condition derived from volcanic environments. However, Cu (-Au) or Fe-Mo-W deposits are proximal to a magmatic source, whereas polymetallic or precious-metal deposits are more distal to transitional. Strike-slip faults and caldera-related fractures together with sub-volcanic activity are associated with major faults reactivated by a northward (oblique) to northwestward (orthogonal) convergence, and have played an important role in the formation of the Cretaceous Au-Ag lode deposits (ca. 110-45 Ma) under a continental arc setting. The temporal and spatial distinctions between the two typical Mesozoic deposit styles in Korea reflect a different thermal episodes (i.e., late orogenic and post-orogenic) and ore-forming fluids related to different depths of emplacement of magma (i.e., plutonic and sub-volcanic) due to regional changes in tectonic settings.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.228-228
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• 2017

Rice production and quality could be changed by temperature condition. Extremely high temperature event have been occurred more frequently for global warming. To increase rice quality against to global warming, breeding of heat tolerance rice cultivar is needed. Ilmi which is the one of Korean leading rice cultivar shows heat stress resistant character during ripening stage. Yield and quality (brown and milled rice) of Ilmi did not show significant different under high temperature condition compared to control condition. However, the main physiological characters for heat resistance of Ilmi have been not investigated yet. Therefore we try to investigate the heat tolerance characters of Ilmi. Two rice cultivars, Ilmi and Ilpum-which is heat susceptible rice cultivar, were cultivated under natural condition in wagnor pot until heading was appeared. After checking heading date, each material was cultivated under different temperature condition, heat($32/22^{\circ}C$) and control($26/16^{\circ}C$) condition. Anti-oxidant enzyme activity was checked during ripening stage in each material. Catalase and ascorbic peroxidase activity of leaf under heat stress condition were higher in Ilmi than Ilpum especially early ripening stage. Analyzing of stress resistance using $H_2O_2$, the flag leaf of Ilmi showed more green color than Ilpum with higher chlorophyll content than those of Ilpum. We also checked the amount of $H_2O_2$ content in young leaf of each material by treating high temperature. $H_2O_2$ content in each material was increased according to treatment time. However $H_2O_2$ content of young leaf in Ilmi was less than those in Ilpum. Also catalase and ascorbic peroxidase activity in leaf increased much faster in Ilmi than Ilpum. With those data, we confirmed that heat stress resistance of Ilmi is due to the higher anti-oxidant activity against to stress condition. We will investigate the heat tolerance characters of Ilmi more in further study to enhance the breeding effect of heat stress tolerance rice.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제39권6호
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• pp.475-478
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• 2006

배경: 동시에 발생한 양측성 자발성 기흉은 아주 드문 질환으로 일측성 기흉과는 달리 긴장성 기흉을 초래하지 않고도 심한 호흡곤란, 청색증, 흉통으로 사망에 이르게 할 수 있어 즉각적인 조치를 필요로 한다. 대상 및 방법: 한전의료재단 한일병원 흥부외과에서는 1994년 3월부터 2004년 2월까지 10년간 총 802명 자발성 기흉 환자 중 14명(1.7%)의 동시에 발생한 양측성 자발성 기흉을 발견하여 치험하였다. 결과: 총 14명 중 2명을 제외한 환자가 남자로 85.7%를 차지하였으며, 환자의 나이는 0세(1일)부터 79세로 넓은 연령층(평균 32.0세)을 보였다. 11명의 환자가 초발성 자발성 기흉이었으며 1명은 좌측 자발성 혈기흉을 동반하였고, 2명은 농기흉을 동반하였다. 신생아를 제외한 환자에 있어 흡연률은 13명 중 6명으로 42.8%였다. 결핵을 앓거나 앓았던 환자는 모두 5명(35.7%)이었으며 이 중 2명을 제외하고 현증 활동성 결핵이었다. 14명 중 3명이 사망하였는데 신생아는 메코니움 흉인성 폐렴으로 당일 사망하였으며, 2명은 급성 호흡곤란증후군과 폐렴으로 사망하였다. 동시에 발생한 양측성 자발성 기흉 환자를 비강을 통한 산소 흡인요법, 폐쇄성 흉강삽관술, 개흉술, 흉강경수술과 화학적 흉막유착술을 시행하여 해결하였다. 결론: 동시에 발생한 양측성 자발성 기흉은 총 802명의 자발성 기흉 환자 중 14명(1.7%)에게서 발생하였다. 증상을 완화시키기 위해 즉각적인 폐쇄성 흉강삽관술이 필요하며 자발성 기흉의 재발률을 낮추기 위해 폐쇄성 흉강삽관술 단독보다는 조기에 개흉술 또는 흉강경수술이 필요할 것이라 생각한다.

• 벤처창업연구
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.157-165
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• 2015

본 연구는 최근 창업공간으로서 코워킹스페이스가 성공적으로 운영될 수 있도록 운영전략을 도출하는데 그 목적이 있다. 따라서 문헌조사를 통해 운영에 필요한 요소들을 도출하였고, 이에 대한 우선순위를 파악하기 위해 AHP 방식으로 설문지를 설계한 후 코워킹스페이스 운영자를 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였다. 그 결과 가장 높은 순위를 가진 3대 운영요소는 커뮤니티 및 커뮤니케이션, 공간 및 인테리어, 서비스 다양화 및 가격정책으로 확인되었고, 이에 대해 관련 분야 전문가들과 논의하여 코워킹스페이스의 운영전략을 제시하였다. 본 연구는 코워킹스페이스 운영요소 소개 및 우선순위 도출방법 제시를 통해 코워킹스페이스를 도입하고자 하는 공공, 민간분야에서 초기단계에 운영모델, 운영전략으로 활용할 수 있다는 점에서 의미하는 바가 크다고 할 수 있다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권24호
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• pp.10967-10970
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• 2015

Objective: To analyze the efficacy and survival associated factors of gefitinib combined with cisplatin and gemcitabine for advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Materials and Methods: A total of 57 patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), who received platinum-based chemotherapy regimens for more than 1 cycle, were treated with gefitinib combined with cisplatin and gemcitabine until disease progression. Efficacy, survival time and adverse reactions were observed. The Kaplan-Meier method was adopted for analysis of survival and Cox regression for associated influencing factors. Results: The patients were followed up until October 31, 2013, and the median follow-up time was 19 months. Of 57 patients, there were 4 (7.0%) with complete remission (CR), 8 (14.0%) with partial remission, 31 (54.4%) with stable disease, and 14 (24.6%) with disease progression. The remission rate was 21.1% and the disease control rate was 75.4%. The median progression-free survival (PFS) time and the median overall survival time were 10 months and 15.2 months. The one-year, two-year and three-year survival rates were 47.4%, 23.3% and 10.0%. Gender and pathological types were the independent risk factors influencing PFS time (P=0.028, P=0.009). Tumor pathological type and early efficacy were independent factors for the prognosis (P=0.018, P=0.000). Adverse reactions were mostly rashes of I~II degree and diarrhea and slightly increasing level of aminopherase. The skin adverse event incidence of III degree or above was 1.8% (1/57) and brain metastasis was foudn in 31.6% (18/57). Conclusions: Gefitinib combined with cisplatin andgemcitabine, is effective for patients with IIIb~IV NSCLC who received multiple cycles of chemotherapy.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제9권11호
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• pp.1503-1514
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• 2006

오늘날 대부분의 고객들이 어디에서든지 인터넷을 사용할 수 있게 됨에 따라, 대부분의 기업들이 자신들의 서비스를 인터넷상에서 제출하게 되었다. 그 결과 무수히 많은 웹 서비스 시스템이 이미 인터넷상에서 서비스를 하고 있으며 더 많은 시스템들이 구축 중이다. 그래서 구축 중인 시스템이 교착상태와 같은 문제점이 없이 성공적으로 실행될 것이라는 것을 설계 초기 단계에 검증하는 방법에 대한 연구가 많이 수행되어 왔다. 페트리 넷을 이용하는 방법들도 몇 가지 소개되었는데, 이들은 웹 서비스 시스템을 페트리 넷으로 표현하는 방법에 주안점을 두고 있으며, 효율적인 분석 방법에 대한 연구는 부족한 실정이다. '최소 순회 시간' 방법은 '시간 넷'(Timed Net)에서 모든 트랜지션(transition)들을 최소한 한번 이상 격발하고 초기 마킹으로 되돌아오는데 걸리는 최소 시간을 찾아주는 수학적 방법으로, 컴퓨터 시스템 분석에 널리 사용된다. 시간 넷은 트랜지션에 지연 시간이 연합된 변형된 페트리 넷으로. 실세계에서의 지연시간은 확률적임에도 불구하고 기존의 시간 넷에서는 상수가 사용된다. 본 논문은 사건의 실행 시간이 화률 분포를 이루는 '혼합 분포 확률 시간 넷'을 제안하고 '혼합 분포 확률 시간 넷'의 최소 순회 시간 분석 방법을 소개한다. 또한 '혼합 분포 확률 시간 넷'의 최소순회시간 분석을 이용하여 웹 서비스 시스템의 응답 시간을 분석하는 방법을 보인다.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.74-85
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• 2007

Objective : In this study we wanted to confirm if proper stimulation and de-Qi of traditional Korean medical acupuncture could increase hot flash relief efficacy. Design : A randomized controlled, single blind study. We used two modalities of acupuncture, one with optimal stimulation [Study group; Korean medical acupuncture (TKMA)] and one with minimal stimulation [Control group; Minimal acupuncture (MA)]. Same acupoints [PC6(內關), HT8(少府), HT7(神門), LI4(合谷), ST36(足三里), SP6(三陰交), Ren4(關元)] were used in both groups. Fifty-two patients were treated twice a week for 8 weeks, and follow up was done after 4 weeks from the last treatment. Patients were checked hot flash VAS (visual analog scale), frequency and duration every time they visited. Results : Hot flash relief efficacy by 100mm hot flash VAS was obvious in both groups. Hot flash VAS scores of study group were smaller than the scores of control group at the early stage (3rd, $4^{th}$ and $8^{th}$ visit), but there wasn't a remarkable difference between study and control group at the end of the trial. Besides, diminution of hot flash VAS was faster and more even in the study group than control group by visualization using 'Box plot'. We compared frequency and duration of hot flash, 100mm sweating, palpitation, sleep disturbance VAS, and Kupperman Index, MENQOL, Patient's global assessment score. Both groups showed definite decrease from the baseline, but the difference was not statistically significant. There wasn't any adverse event. Hot flash relief efficacy was kept in most patients after 4 weeks' follow-up. Conclusion : Acupoint combination by Traditional Korean medical theory is effective on hot flashes and hot flash relief efficacy was faster and more even in optimal stimulation than minimal stimulation.

• 대한두경부종양학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.21-29
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• 2017

Methylation of CpG islands in the promoter region of genes acts as a significant mechanism of epigenetic gene silencing in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). DNA methylation markers are particularly advantageous because DNA methylation is an early event in tumorigenesis, and the epigenetic modification, 5-methylcytosine, is a stable mark. In the present study, we assessed the genome-wide preliminary screening and were to identify novel methylation biomarker candidate in HNSCC. Genome-wide methylation analysis was performed on 10 HNSCC tumors using the Methylated DNA Isolation Assay (MeDIA) CpG island microarray. Validation was done using immunohistochemistry using tissue microarray of 135 independent HNSCC tumors. In addition, in vitro proliferation, migration/invasion assays, RT-PCR and immunoblotting were performed to elucidate molecular regulating mechanisms. Our preliminary validation using CpG microarray data set, immunohisto-chemistry for HNSCC tumor tissues and in vitro functional assays revealed that methylation of the Homeobox B5 (HOXB5) and H6 Family Homeobox 2 (HMX2) could be possible novel methylation biomarkers in HNSCC.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.25-34
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• 2018

본 논문은 피난조명 및 음성경보 기능을 내장한 화재경보시스템 개발에 관한 연구이다. 기존 화재감지기에 화재시 피난성능향상을 위해 가장 중요한 화재조기인지 및 피난시야확보가 가능하도록 피난조명 및 음성경보 기능을 자체적으로 내장한 화재감지기 및 시스템을 개발하여 성능을 확인하였다. 개발된 시스템의 경우 평균조도가 1.62 lx, 평균음향 89.7 dB, 평균음성 86.1 dB로 형식승인 및 제품검사 기술기준을 만족하는 것으로 나타났다. 추가적으로 개발된 시스템을 이용한 피난성능실험결과 본 실험조건에서 기존시스템보다 63.08%에서 67.82%까지 피난시간이 단축되는 것으로 나타났다. 개발된 시스템의 경우 자체 음성경보를 통해 화재인지 실패를 방지하고, 비상조명 점등을 통해 최소한의 피난을 위한 가시거리를 제공함으로써 화재피해를 최소화할 수 있고, 화재취약계층인 청각장애인 및 시각장애인까지 고려함으로써 당위성 및 효용성을 갖춘 화재경보시스템으로 활용될 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국재난정보학회 논문집
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.3-26
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• 2005

In recent years, there is growing concern about the potential use of biological agents in war or acts of terrorism accompanied an increased realization that rapid preparedness and response are needed to prevent or treat the human damage that can be caused by these agents. The threat is indeed serious, and the potential for devastating numbers of casualties is high. The use of agents as weapons, even on a small scale, has the potential for huge social and economic disruption and massive diversion of regional and national resources to combat the threat, to treat primary disease, and to clean up environmental contamination. Biological weapons are one of weapons of mass destruction (or mass casualty weapons, to be precise. since they do not damage non-living entities) that are based on bacteria, viruses, rickettsia, fungi or toxins produced by these organisms. Biological weapons are known to be easy and cheap to produce and can be used to selectively target humans, animals, or plants. Theses agents can cause large numbers of casualties with minimal logistical requirements (in wide area). The spread of disease cannot be controlled until there is awareness of the signs of infection followed by identification of agents; and if the organism is easily spread from person to person, as in the case of smallpox, the number of casualties could run into the tens of thousands. Biological weapons could be used covertly, there can be a lot of different deployment scenarios. A lot of different agents could be used in biological weapons. And, there are a lot of different techniques to manufacture biological weapons. Terrorist acts that make use of Biological Agents differ in a number of ways from those involving chemicals. The distinction between terrorist and military use of Biological Weapon is increasingly problematic. The stealthy qualities of biological weapons further complicate the distinction between terrorism and war. In reality, all biological attacks are likely to require an integrated response involving both military and civilian communities. The basic considerations when public health agencies establish national defence plan against bioterrorism must be 1) arraying various laws and regulations to meet the realistic needs, 2)education for public health personnels and support of concerned academic society, 3)information collection and cooperative project with other countries, 4)Detection and surveillance(Early detection is essential for ensuring a prompt response to biological or chemical attack, including the provision of prophylactic medicines, chemical antidotes, or vaccines) and 5) Response(A comprehensive public health response to a biological or chemical terrorist event involves epidemiologic investigation, medical treatment and prophylaxis for affacted persons, and the initiation of disease prevention or environmental decontamination measures). The purpose of this paper is providing basic material of preparedness and response for biological terrorism in modern society.