• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.38
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• pp.223-284
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• 2005

Gwaebul, created during late Joseon dynasty, especially from 1885 to 1926, now exist 18 ones. And 12 of them are owned by Buddhist temples located in Seoul city and Gyeonggido province. Royal Tomb praised and Royal household praised Buddhist temples in early Joseon dynasty were supported by Royal Family. As a renovation of Buddhist temples by king Taejong's reign(1400-1418), they became impoverished with reduced Buddhist ceremony. But they maintained their lives in intimate connection with royal family, and went prosperous from late 18th century. At that times, a new trend in Gwaebul appeared, which have popular idea for wishing peace of the dead, the nation and the royal family. The new composition of painting expressed in Gwaebul starts in Amitabha-Triad paintings which carved in first volume of ${\ll}$Amita-yohaegyeong${\gg}$ made of wooden plate. And Gi-heoh(A.D. 1820-1872) carved it in 1853 at Naewonam Buddhist hermitage of Samgaksan mountain And a return of Suwolgwaneumdo which had been popularized in late Goryo dynasty is worth noticing as a new issue of late Joseon dynasty. It is related with a composition of Gwaebul that expressed 'a leading the dead to the good', a Buddhist consciousness of falsehood and fancy. The saturated and blurred style of painting, the fact that centralization-powered lineage of painter who used composition of multi-used basic pattern, are characteristics of this period.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.435-455
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to examine the publication, composition, method of composition, and acceptance patterns of JujaDaejeon anthologies edited by Joseon scholars in the Joseon dynasty. When a large amount of JujaDaejeon was published in the 16^th century, anthologies of JujajaDaejeon was compiled, published and learned as a way to understand it. A total of 13 kinds of JujajaDaejeon anthologies were published, including six kinds in the early Joseon period and seven kinds in the late Joseon period. And the composition of main anthologies showed a trend that was supplemented by Jeong Gyeong-se's Jumunjakhae from Lee Hwang's Jujaseojeolyo, and aggregated into Song Si-yeol's Jeoljaktongpyeon(boyu). JujaDaejeon consists of total 3,645 works except for poems. Among them, 1,734 works were selected by 13 anthologies. The theme of a work with a high cumulative number of selections is the virtue and attitude of the king, policy proposals, the appointment of talent, the duty of subjects, criteria for evaluating historical figures, opposition to harmony with Jin and territorial restoration, and academic discussions. This study is expected to be meaningful in the field of the research on the acceptance of the foreign books and acceptance of the Zhu Xi's works in the Joseon dynasty.

• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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• no.73
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• pp.119-151
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• 2018

This paper is a study of the historical significance of The water and land ceremony performed by Bongeunsa temple in the Joseon Dynasty. The Bongeunsa temple was originally a hermitage named Geungseongam, which was located in the Hakdang-dong, Gwangju County, Gyeonggi Province. After that, Geungseongam was named as Geungseongsa temple. Geungseongsa temple was left in that position and acted as the Temples belonging to Royal Tombs(陵寢寺, TRT) of the King Sungjong, later the name of the temple was changed to Bongeunsa Temple. As a result of movement of the royal tomb of the Joongjong(靖陵) next to the royal tomb of Sungjong, the Bongeunsa was also used as a TRT of the Seonjeongneung royal tomb. After that, the grandson of the King Joongjong, crown prince Soonhoe early passed away, Buddhist shrine (願堂) was set in Bongeunsa temple. Bongeunsa temple remained as a royal prayer place, serving as a Buddhist shrine for crown prince Soonhoe and serving as a Jopo temples for Seonjeongneung royal tomb until the end of the Joseon Dynasty. From the time when it was called Geungseongam to the time after when it was renamed as Bongeunsa Temple, this temple performed The water and land ceremony. But the characters changed little by little. From the King Sejo to King Sungjong, The water and land ceremony characterized Consolation ceremony for the spirit of the dead for prince Gwangpyeong, King Sejong, Queen Soehan and served as the Buddhist memorial praying for the well being of the royal family and people. From the time of the King Yonsan to the time of King Myeongjong, The water and land ceremony had strong characters for Consolation ceremony for the spirit of the dead for King. In the late Joseon Dynasty, Bongeunsa Temple served as the royal party of The water and land ceremony. On the other hand, after the Manchu war of 1636, Bongeunsa Temple also served as the national water and land ceremony for the victims who were killed in the mountains of Namhan. In the Joseon dynasty, The water and land ceremony performed by Bongeunsa Temple was strongly directed for Consolation ceremony for the spirit of the dead for royal family members, and Bongeunsa Temple was maintained as a royal prayer throughout the Joseon Dynasty.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.29-40
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• 2020

Ui-Gum-Bu(義禁府) is regarded as a key organization that reflects the power of the royal authority, mainly because it directly obeys the king's command and retains the power to punish or pardon government officials for severe crimes such as treason or significant breach of Confucian ethics. For this reason, Ui-Gum-Bu held a higher place in the organizational hierarchy of the government than other similar offices such as Hyung-Jo(刑曹), Sa-Heon-Bu(司憲府) and P o-Do-Cheong(捕盜廳). This characteristic of Ui-Gum-Bu is also evident in the architectural style and composition of the office building. The figures of the Ui-Gum-Bu office is depicted in detail in the paintings listed in 『Gum-Oh-Gye-Cheop(金吾契帖』, a record of Ui-Gum-Bu office meetings, and descriptions in the code book 『Gum-Oh-Hun-Rog(金吾契帖)』, both written in 18th century. The purpose of this study is to reveal the overall transition process of the Ui-Gum-Bu office building from the beginning until its demolition in the early 20th century. Based on research materials of 18th century, its architectural composition and characteristics will be dealt in detail.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.28-54
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• 2020

This study aims to investigate the food preservation methods adopted by the Joseon Dynasty, which existed before the 17^th century. A total of 232 food preservation methods were discovered in 25 books, and could be classified by their targeted food types: vegetables (84), sea foods (60), meats (41), fruits (37), and others (10). Depending on the preservation method applied, they are classified as food drying, soaking, mud cellar preservation, and other preservation. Food drying is further classified into 8 sub-types: drying, sun-drying, shadow-drying, wind-drying, dry heat, combined drying, smoking, and others. Soaking could be sub-divided into using salt, ash, dry sand, bran, fermented paste, wet distillers grains, oil, and others. Mud cellar preservation is sub-classified into installing shelf inside the mud cellar, making the mud cellar for food preservation, and making hole or underground tunnel for food preservation. Other food preservation methods include minimizing moisture loss by applying beeswax on a section of the vegetable stem, and cutting the vegetables or fruits with their branches and leaves for food preservation.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.119-129
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• 2011

The Chapter of "Records on Steam Room(蒸室記)" in "Shandangjip(山堂集)" by CHOI Chungsung is a rare and notable one in that it contains the first concrete and detailed description and view of steam shower in the early Joseon Dynasty. It is known that Choi's Wind stroke(brain stroke) deteriorated due to excessive steam shower. He unreasonably entered the steam room 4 or 5 times a day for 9 consecutive days even though external pathogens had intruded into visceral organs and his energizing chi got less and weaker. By this excessive steam showering, his righteous chi was exhausted and eventually burned out. Given some records in the Annals of the Joseon Dynasty writing that people died due to excessive steam shower, there was no established medical theory on the effect of steam shower before the publication of "Donguibogam(東醫寶鑑)".

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.745-760
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• 2009

Cheonghak-dong is a prototype of Korean traditional utopia. Cheonghak-dong Utopia assumed at Jiri Mountain in the late of Goryeo period, and the place name of Cheonghak-dong could be found at the Royal capital(Hanyang) in early Joseon Dynasty, and then it diffused to the outskirts of the original place and local area in the middle period of Joseon Dynasty, eventually it diffused to the nationwide in the modern times. Now, Cheonghak-don was fixed at Mukgea village in Hadong-county officially. The placeness of Cheonghak-dong was changed from the fairyland to the human habitation and a sightseeing place.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.59 no.8
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• pp.37-48
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• 2009

This paper summarized the forming, structure and management of the Ui-Jeon(衣廛) in Joseon Dynasty, considered the change of the commercial power of the Ui-Jeon in the $18{\sim}19th$ centuries. The Ui-Jeon was established the early period of the Joseon Dynasty. The Ui-Jeon merchants organized the association named Dojung(都中) and were in business with facilities like Haenrang(行廊) and Doga(都家). The Ui-Jeon was mid-sized Si-Jeon, the licensed shop(市廛). The Ui-Jeon held the monopoly of clothes. The Ui-Jeon merchants sold and bought old clothes, sold new clothes, lent the wedding dress for a bridegroom. The Ui-Jeon paid taxes and supplied clothes, goods and sewing labor for the marriage, funeral ceremonies of the royal family. The commercial power of the Ui-Jeon was threatened by free merchants(私商) named old clothes mercants(破衣商). Finally the Ui-Jeon merchants lost the exclusive right to clothes in 1791. After that, the Ui-Jeon merchanrs appealed to the government to give them the monopoly. The Ui-Jeon merchants regained the sole right to sell Ju-ui(紬衣), one item only, but it was temporary. Separately The Ui-Jeon merchants acquired the rights to collect the sub-taxes(分稅) from free merchants.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.47-56
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• 2011

This study was carried out to investigate the characteristics of the Hanji which had been used for movable types printing volumes of the Joseon Dynasty. A total 29 volumes which had printed with metal and wooden movable types, were examined on the physical properties, fiber morphology, and color reactions. The grammage of all of the Hanji which had been used for movable types printing volumes were $13.10-51.65g/m^2$ and on the average was $25g/m^2$. The apparent density of the Hanji was $0.23-1.65g/cm^3$ and on the average was $0.4g/cm^3$. In almost all movable types printing volumes, the Hanji had undergone Dochim which is a processing of printability improvement. Through the examination on fiber morphology and color reactions, Hanji was investigated into that all of those were made from paper mulberry bast fiber.

• Korean Journal of Metals and Materials
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.551-556
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• 2010

In this report, we describe mold materials that were used to produce movable metal type by the investment casting method during the Joseon dynasty period in Korea. Samples were obtained from the Wibuinja collection, which is held by the National Museum of Korea. Most of the mold material remnants were found in the depressed areas of the movable type specimens, and we therefore performed non-destructive analyses including XRF, EDS, and XRD. Through these analyses, we were able to identify the mold remnants as hydrocerussite [trilead dihydroxide dicarbonate, $Pb_3(CO_3)_2(OH)_2$] formed in platy hexagonal crystallites. Hydrocerussite was first used to make white pigments and cosmetics in ancient Greece, but this is the first report of hydrocerussite used as mold material applied around a disposable pattern for investment casting. The results of this study will further the understanding of the production process for early movable metal type and ancient casting technologies.